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Medical Museum Excerpts
AFIP Annual Reports
'• 1947-19*0 £|<)4 /J

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10 The oressure of routine technical services and other assistance provided
to the* Institute by the Statistics Branch have prevented the undertaking of any of
the independent statistical investigations of Institute material which could and
should be made. It is hoped that this situation will unprove during l%8,^ond
that the professional statistical staff will be able to devote a considerable por.
Son of their time to such work. During the year 1947 the Chief of the Statistical
Branch was, however, privileged to attend the following professional society
meetings :

Biometrics Section of the American Statistical Association, Joint
Meeting- with the Federation of American Societies for Experimental
Biology, Chicago, 18-22 May 1947.

American Statistical Association Joint Meeting with the Institute of
Lvatheraatical Statistics and the American lithematical Society, hew
Haven, Connecticut, 3-5. September 1947.

First International Biomctric Conference, Woods Hole, IJassachusetts,
5-6 September 1947.

International Statistical Institute, Washington, D.C., 6-18 September
1947.

American Statistical Association, Institute of iiathcmaticcl Statistics,
and Biometrics Society, New York, 28-30 December 1947..

• VIII A RIX MEDICAL LUSEUIa .- 1. The Army IJedical uiseum'is the parent unit of
the Army Institute of Pathology; therefore, all activities, including Pathology,
the Histopathology Laboratory, and the Army Iidical Illustration Service, were
branches of the Liiseum prior to. and during World War II.

2 A tremendous workload in the fields of Pathology and the Army radical
Illustration Service, incident to World '.Jar II, necessitated a reorganization
into four major deoartments and a change in name to the more appropriate Army
Institute of. Pathologyy While the change in name occurred officially ;in 19.46,
actually the liiseum itself played the least important rolo throughout the war,
since it was overshadowed by its offspring. ,/

3 The final reorganization became effective with the. approval of the~

Ii'Qrganization'-lianual, AIP" by The. Surgeon General in April,. 1947. _ This reorgani-
zation prescribes that the iiuseum shall consist, .of" a curator, assistant curator,
and too departments—the ttsdical Science .Kiseuin which is the principal scientific
mWeum maintained for study, and research for government and civilian physicians

Rand includes the General Service- Branch, the General Exhibit Branch, and the
Advanced Teaching Exhibit Branch, and the Lay Public Liusoum department which _ .
maintains tha^ portion of the -museum which is open to tourists and others ^of the

I lay public v.ho seek information on the general functions and activities oi .he
•Jedical Department. It includes historical collections, exhibits on current .
medical tonics, other selected subjects, and contributions, to medicine by the

I -Army.
k : Jhile this is the Annual Report for the year. 1947, it is necessary, for
the sake of clarity, that a brief prologue be included as . to conditions existing

I and events occurring during the years 1945 and 1946.
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a. During the latter part of 1945 and during 1946, in spite of the
demobilization in other parts of the Array, the Institute workload continued to
increase. This was in- the most part due to the deactivation of overseas and
Zone of Interior units, but to a lesser extent to the continued wartime develop-
ment of the Histopathology Center System. The demobilization made additional
material available, since material kept by the hospitals was shipped here. It
also made additional professional personnel available for duty and study at the
Institute; therefore, it became necessary to find space for these officers and
students. Since the Museum was the" only unit capable of contraction, .it conti-
nued to- lose floor space.

b. V/hile such improvisations were goin,:: on, search had been instituted
for additional space, and in August, 1945, preliminary efforts toward the acqui-
sition of the Spar barracks directly across Independence Avenue from the Insti-
tute were started. .On 9 August 1946 Chase Hall (37,800: square- feet of space)
was allotted almost one year to the day after the original, request for -space}

c. ; One; of the. conditions of the occupancy, was. that all museum material?
stored- in the National Guard Armory be evacuated and .moved to Chase Hall; it was
also necessary that possession be taken immediately, since several . other govern-
ment agencies had also requested' this space-. Therefore, in early October, 1946,
the tremendous task of moving 70,000 odd museum pieces, plus the large antique
museum cases, was commenced. As the War Assets Administration was still in the
process of inventorying the deactivated Spar equipment, , and since alterations
and repairs had been delayed, this resulted in the replacement and shifting of
hundreds of boxes and books and thousands of pathologic specimens. To add to
the confusion, officers and enlisted personnel were being rapidly separated from
the Service. In addition, transfer of the iiiseum of Tropical. Disease and per-
sonnel, consisting of one officer and 6 enlisted men and a group of eight com-
plete cabinet-type exhibits and numerous parts of many incomplete exhibits,
arrived from the "Brooke General Hospital, San Antonio, Texas. V/hile this group
of men was well trained, the majority were scheduled' for separation shortly
after arrival. .

5. Despite slowness of alterations and lack of trained personnel, includ-
ing a qualified curator, the main exhibit hall, west hall, north hall, and
instrument room were open for inspec+ion by the staff of. the Institute on 2 Liay
1947. On 7: nay this portion of the iiiseum was opened to. the public' following
a brief announcement in the daily newspapers. One hundred and thirty-seven
visitors passed through the Lkseum the first day and 8,568 during the remainder
of Liay. Eighty-six .thousand and forty-five visited in the seven months remain-
ing in. 1947. ) There was an average of 215 visitors per weekday and 682 visitors
per Sunday with a maximum Sunday of 813 and minimum Sunday of 54,

. 6. The Tropical Disease Room was opened in July, and a portion of the
southeast room was. opened in August to receive prize winning veterinary and
dental exhibits, which had been returned from, conventions. In June,. work was
started on recataloging the more than; 356 wax models. The year end finds this
work only about 25 per cent completed, due to a shortage of professional per-
sonnel.. In late August approximately the fifth rearrangement of the 34 antique
' cherry and metal storage cabinets in the main downstairs hall was completed to
make room for The Surgeon General's exhibit on venereal disease and an exhibit
on methods of protection in a one -million volt radiation plant. At year end the

^ a# , T r°P ical disease exhibit on malaria and yellow fever for the 4th
jternational Congress of Tropical Diseases, ".'ashington, D.C., >-.!ay, 1%8.

b. Orthopedic Pathology— the first of the specialty pathology museum.

c. The history of the use of metal in reconstruction surgery.

d. Moulaga as a three dimensional medium for teaching and record of
constructive surgical techniques.

e. Hoof and mouth disease — a veterinary exhibit.

f. Bovine tuberculosis — a veterinary exhibit.

g. Pathologic effects of the A-Bomb.
h. Additions to. the Tropical Disease Room.

fll. While space is a problem, as it is for the entire Army ' Institute of
hology,ithe overshadowing deficiency of the Army tedical .Museum is the -lack of

VttvSS ?^f\°? *" technical Personnel; From the ' tko the Liaseum was

|.ctivc.ted (1662^, the senior medical officer (Commanding Officer) has been desig-
ed the curator of the Kusoum, and since 1946 the Director of the Institute has

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sixth rearrangement of the cabinets was in process to make room for additional
«urgeon General's exhibits which must be moved from temporary storage in District
p>f Columbia Park and Planning Commission facilities.

7. 'Major A.E.A.. Hudson, I'AC, who accompanied the tropical medicine exhibit
cm Brooke Army iiedical Center, was appointed assistant curator in October. 1946;

fe had some qualifications toward setting up a museum along -modern lines; however,
he was hospitalized on 22 November 1946, and the remainder of the year oassed
Without even an assistant curator to take charge of the on-the-spot work. Faidr
Judson was subsequently retired, and his physical condition was such as to make
his employment on a Civil Service status inadvisable. From -31 December 1946 until
^he opening date of 7 *ey. 1947, two acting curators were appointed, both, without

|ny prior museum training. .(Major C.F. Vorder Brueg f e, 1 January, to 2i larch' !

947, and Dr. R.A. Sloan, 21 laarch 1947 to date).

<L.~ *i'a ™ t ° t ^ 1 C0S * of moviil e the liuseum and alterations incident thereto was \
■ver s;'46,000, and a^paint-spray room, fluorescent lighting of the north and west i
hails, and wiring of the work shops are projects for 1948. !

| ,9. In addition to gross specimens of pathologic anatomy, there were 132 : I

f valuable accessions during. the year, including one of President Lincoln's personal 1

fects, -the Hubble cystoscope. collection, German microscopes, and miscellaneous I

panes© and .Gennan-war trophies. Unfortunately, space does not permit display ' ?

a large number of exhibits still in storage, including 2,900 pathology sUci- «
mens and over 1,900 Civil War bone specimens.- ' \ ' ' * x

■ 10. Work on the following additional exhibits, all correlated with the
development of Army medical Illustration Service, is in process or in the clan-
ging stage: ' * •

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*«£ o f SfSThl 7iZT lrr l % ^ -*«*""-* of the Nations!

2. There are now fifteen established registries as follows

I REGISTRY OF 0PKTFLX12C PATHOLOGY - Established 1 9 22

Sponsor: African Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology

I LYIPHATIC TUTOR REGISTRY - Established 1925

Sponsor: American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists

■ BLADDER TU::0R REGISTRY - Established 1927
M Spons or: American Urological Association

■ REGISTRY OF DENTAL AND ORAL PATHOLOGY - Established 1 933

Sponsor: American Dental Association

IS™! ^OTCLUlYHGaOGlCAL PATHOLOGY - Established 1935
Sponsor. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology

GENERAL .TUTOR REGISTRY - Established 1937
I Sponsor: American Society of Clinical Pathologists

REGISTRY OF DERrAL PATHOLOGY - Established 1 937

■ Sponsor: American Academy of Dermatology and Syphilology

KIDNEY TUTOR REGISTRY - Established 1938
Sponsor: American Urological Association

■ CHEST TUTOR REGISTRY - Established 1940
Sponsor: American Society of Thoracic Surgeons

I REGISTRY OF NEUROPATHOLOGY - Established 1942

Sponsor: American Association of Neuropathologists

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/? Y8

b» A factor of considerable detriment to the Photography Division was
cn d continues to be the total lack of air-conditioning facilities. In the
Technical Duplication Branch, temperature and humidity changes seriously
effect the registration of the successive superimposed impressions used in
color printing. A similar problem was encountered in the Still Picture
Branch" in the making of color prints and transparencies,, in addition to the
problems of high temperature effects on photographic materials and chemicals.
There also exists an urgent need for an air-conditioned film storage space
to protect the growing collection of irreplaceable negatives, color trans-
parencies, and motion picture footage. Adequate storage for these materials
as well as for unexposed film is Imperative for proper preservation.

Section IV
[ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM.''

1. ■ GENERAL .- The major effort of the Army Medical Museum during 1948
has been made in cataloging the collections and accessions which had been
placed in storage during World War II. Working conditions, personnel, and
maintenance and supply services were inadequate for a rapid conversion of
the wide scattered deposits of museum items and documents into a workable
file of scientific and historic data. However, comparison with 1947 shows
all elements slightly improved. There were fewer personnel changes in 1948 ?
Space was 1 increased by 1,466 square feet. The year ended with the staff
technically and professionally more adequate, better organized, better super-
vised, and with more stable working conditions.

• a. Inventory and Records : Lack of adequate professional and experi-
enced clerical personnel and poor working conditions slowed inventory oper- .
ations. However, in spite of limitations, continuous progress was made in
the removal of large numbers of museum items from storage. General sorting _
and carding was conraleted on the large volume of museum items . previously in-'
box. storage in the Maine Avenue* National Guard Armory. This material was
fiwentoried, repacked, and stored in the Main Building Annex. Transfer of ,
^approximately 9,524 items of the Huntington Collection of Comparative Anat-,
" ! :Ongr and. approximately 10,000 old museum_.specimens of the pathologic, ana-
Ltomic, comparative anatomy, and accession series from the basement of the
^main building to Chase Hall was. started. This iob is 80 per cent completed,
treouiring 14 to 16 more truckloads to remove the remainder of the above
[material from the main building.

A detailed item inventory of the Huntington Collection has not been.
|«tarted. However, general grouping has been virtually completed, and cross-.
►fi^- C -^ n £ °*" t ^- e individual items with the limited records available will
|0^art'-8oon. Until the latter is completed, it will not be possible to deter-
£****• the present or future teaching value of the collection to the Institute.,

:;_. Inventory of the Jonathan Wainwright. Collection is still in process,

M a ^ coi -lection appears to total 48,512 items instead of the nr'vious
^iniddT l0te ° f l0 > 000 - Work on this collection should be completed by the
£**«<*le of April and ready for incornoration into Central File.

-£-v.-.:. .. Shown below is a summary estimate of the number of items currently
'■'era- ^ Useum » The biologic specimens, particularly the pathologic type,
knirnjif Cn ^^ k R ing cataloged and arranged on open shelves for use as train-
t |^;-'.?- k v the various specialty groups of the Department of Pathology

iirft& : i";.i!:.-:''.:;,. .

and other sections of the Institute. Concurrently with cataloging and
placement, the pathologic specimens are being reviewed by the Chief of the
Pathology and Anatomy Division for discarding, remounting, or processing
into plastic in the presently developing museum laboratory.

The instruments are generally located. Detailed cross-checking
against old records or the preparation of new records was only partially
completed during 1948. One important replacement was made to the micro-
scope exhibit. A technician for the cleaning, repair, and replacement of
missing parts is badly needed*

» • Time has not permitted a detailed review of historic and scientific
data, including letters by Billings, Woodward, and others, which reflect
early museum activities. There is no way of telling what may be unearthed
by a person sensitive to the historic possibilities in this materirl. For
the present it will be indexed end maintained as an accessible file until
time permits of a studious review.

'Estimate of the number of items currently in .the Museum: Q^r-*)

A 1

kHx&Ka'u:

(1) Biologic Specimens. -

(a) Pathologic gross

(b) V/ainwright, Gray, microscopic

(d) Comparative anatomy

(e) Entomo logic

(f) Miscellaneous (reptiles, etc.)

(2) Instruments. -

(a) Optical

1. Microscopes

a. Objectives & microscope
accessories
2.' Eye glasses

3. Ophthalmoscopes

4. Cystoscopes

5. Laryngoscopes

0. Miscellaneous

(b) Medical and Surgical Instruments

1. Operating instruments

2. Thermometers

3. Syringes, lancets, scarifiers

4. Forceps, obstetrical

5. Stethoscopes, pcrcussors
£• Hearing aids

WMzgBsti

11,819

34,638

4,739

3,590

5,200

446

365

216

323

1,949

' 55
279

98
269

1. Cupping Cups & historic instruments

(d) 4 boxes 30x14x18 dental equipment,
German (unaccessioned)

60,031

1,543

2,726

;90

4,75°

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(3) Models, Casts, Reconstructions (Wax), Statues. -

(a) Papier Mache'

(b) Plaster Paris

(e) Wood

(f) Wire and wood (CNS)

(g) Statues
•(h) Huntington

1. -Wax

2. Corrosions

3. Reconstructions (wax)

(4) Histories and" Scientific Data. T

(a) Record cards and folders relating
to Civil War specimens

(b) Correspondence fil.es and documents
of Civil War period

(d) Historic photographs, negatives,
metal cuts (exclusive of negatives,
War of Rebellion, transferred to
AMIS, and exclusive of 60 packages,
and 3 portfolios of old photographs
and drawings classified but not
inventoried)

(e) Books, Ball and other collections,
Museum catalogs

(f) Pictures (oil, etching, etc) framed

(g) Drawings- (Netter) originals
(h) Reprints, Bail, Wainwright, Huntington

and other collections

(5) Medals, Coins, and Stamps.-'

(a) Coins and medals

(b) Insignia

(6) Collections (named)
' (7) Weapons
(8) Miscellaneous (undetermined at this time)

1,159

639

1,164

100
450
110

3,699

34,693

11,158

439

10,002

558
29
40

•
6,000

,919

2,750
171
510

)

,431
34

153

13 5, oaf

. Tabulations of new accessions, loans, and material placed on dis-
play during. 1948 are shown in Exhibit X.

b. Attendance : • Attendance by visitors from all states of the nation
and over 15 foreign countries totaled 122,216 for the year.. This is
■Slightly lower than the highest annual attendance figure of <125',000;for'

¥^ma-riJHA>i}j-v± 1 _

the year 1945, (see Exhibit Y) . The latter figure can serve as a baseline
for determining the effects"*of new exhibit policies and public announce-
ments on future attendance.,

c. Backlog ; The backlog is still expressible in only general cate-
gories. However, by the end of the first quarter of 1949 the outlining of
the many smaller projects : within the larger general groups will allow for a
more specific quantitation,

2. PERSONNEL.- Personnel changes were freauent during the year but
less so than in 1947. Of p total of 25 persons on the Museum staff,,. 5:
served a full twelve monthb,;

During the latter i part of 1947 and throughout 1943 a search for
adequate technical and professional personnel was made. In October the
situation improved with the addition of a chief of the Pathology and Anatomy
Division, a chief of the. Museum Laboratory and Techniques .Research, and an
administrative assistant and secretary to. the Curator. The position of a
chief of the Historical Research continues vacant in spite "of. a review and,
interview of 8 possible candidates.; Search continues for a physician for
this important position as well as for technical assistants to fill out the
laboratory staff. At year end all but one of the short-term enlisted per-
sonnel had been separated from the Service. The remaining military and
' civilian personnel anticipate continuation in regular service.

Thorough orientation and training for each new clerk or enlisted
[nan is necessary. The type of material, terminology, and methods of handling
|were new experiences in all cases. Special care was taken to properly im-
Jpress upon old personnel the historic and scientific value of the various
museum items handled.regardless of the appearance or their personal opinion
I about such items. Periodic review of this subject has been pursued. During
(the second quarter this effort has resulted^in fewer instances of breakage
[and consequent loss.

3. SPACE ADJUSTMENTS . - The Southeast room was completely cleared for
?«Xhibite and the main downstairs room partially cleared. In the latter
[Case, the number of shifts necessary to make room for the new laboratory and
|the Huntington Collection and other material in the main building basement
^t the same time were very nearly astronomical. Further shifting of large

ers of museum jar specimens because of possible freezing was rcouired
r-vMlay in the construction of a weather-tight wall on the south downstairs
"TCh.

lis

_ - I* 1 spite of the seemingly large area of approximately 25,000 square
[„ • r 3 °rting, cataloging, storage, and display, the problem of maintain-
i a proper balance between space, workload, insufficient personnel, and
,laum working conditions was difficult. The initial post-war stage-, of .
^eon/Hf? hundreds of boxes of items of unknown type, number, location, or.
feral! ?° ^ 3S £-*- ven w;,v to a stage of concentrated storage of items of- gen- •
laddiM 0Wn tv P e > condition, and location. During the month of. December,

^^l space adjustments were necessitated by severe leaks in the Tampa -

•roof.

4.
»llmina

RESEARCH.- Activities in the field of museum technioues have been
■hL Pered bv lack of laboratory facilities, and equipment. A few
'y studies on the effects of polyester st-yrene and acrylic resins

on color preservation have been completed with indifferent success. Pre-
plastic coating of botannical specimens with alginates indicates definite
lines of future research in this field of color preservation or retention
upon completion of the laboratory. During. the summer Acryloid B-72 was ;
used to dip^coat. Civil VVar, bone specimens with- favorable results. ', The use
of sprayable plastic would greatly facilitate the work of reconditioning
bones, instruments, bullets, etc. At year. end this work was underway.
Search for a protective coating for finished plastic block continues, A
few waxes and varnishes have been tried without success.

Some research has been carried on in staining gross specimens for
tissue differentiation, preparatory to embedding in plastic as a ready but
unsatisfactory and purely artifical method of color conservation..

5. SUMMARY.- The acquisition of a well-trained and more stable work-
ing force is imperatively needed to complete the task before us. A small,
partially trained nucleus of the above needed staff is finally functioning,
and an appreciation of the volume, type, and methods of work requisite to
achieve this goal is now understood by the staff.

Time, patience, and persistent attention to innumerable details
jTtithin the coming year, coupled with an adequate staff, will see the Army
'Medical Museum started on its return to its rightful place as an. unparal-
leled working body of scientific and historical medical data in the Western
Hemisphere.

Section V
AMERICAN REGISTRY OF PATHOLOGY

1. POLICY CHANGES .- At the reouest of the National Research Council,
rand on the recommendation of the Scientific Director of the American Regis-
try of Pathology and the Director of the Army Institute of Pathology, a
loeeting was called on 5 November 1948 of the Subcommittee on the American
^Registry of Pathology of the Committee on Pathology, National Research
j.Council, together with the chairmen of the individual registry committees
£Of; the. participating societies. In view of the phenomenal growth and ex-
pansion of the American Registry of Pathology, this meeting was held to
hWVien the policies and purposes of the individual registries in order to
MJryetallize more formally the professional and administrative details in-
|yolyedj and to correlate the functions of the Registry with those of the
L*fy?r*fcute to assure maximum usefulness of the facilities of both. As a
L~??!~- °^ this meeting, it was agreed:

■[*.

- r i: r . a. That each sponsoring society define the scope of its registry.
„."*£? a8 .P°inted out that some registries were defined to a degree while
fOthers were not defined at all.

WfyniK. That there be appointed to each registry a senior pathologist '

froffi f hC Department of Pathology to correlate the interest of the special ■

Idob*? a • S w:i - ttl ^ n *"' ne department. It was contemplated that all casus de-
^*to"th ^.^he registries would be scrutinized as to diagnosis and value
It'iflJr U-i gistry and a follow-up system instituted- of all'valuable, nues-

l>*^* l r >le '- and important cases. ' . .

Itinued

c.- That the former method of circulating slides would be discon-
that study sets would be loaned to professionally Qualified

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SECTION IV

THE MEDICAL MUSEUM

iRUELL A. SLOAN, M» D., CURATOR.

1. GENERAL ; During the year 1949 progress was made in all departments
f the Medical Museum. Stability of the staff, better supervision and con-
equent improvement in morale, interest and efficiency have resulted in a
ery productive year, in spite of continued limitations of overall personnel
equirements. Existing museum collections have been reorganized with the aid
f previously revised museum indices and files* Increase in color, more
leasant vistas and improvement in displays have resulted from extensive
hanges of old, and introduction of new exhibits. The reaction of the public
ad professional visitors has been gratifying. An increasingly favorable
esponse is to be expected as further insertions of the newer type exhibit is
bhieved. Closer liaison has been established with the departments of the
Institute and with organizations such as the Army Medical Library. Technical
raining of civilian and military personnel in museum methods, including
lastics, has begun.
?■ •

* '

I' 2. I NVENTORY OF MUSEUM ITEMS ; Summary of museum items shows a total
S : 88,124 items in the working collection of the Museum at the end of 1949;
Rer" 38,000 items were disposed of during _the year* ) (See Exhibit A)

Cataloguing of the wet-mounted specimens, started late in 1948, was
ampleted: in July 1949. Accession, anatomic and etiologic (diagnostic) cards,
ambering approximately 22,000, appropriately cross-indexed, were also com-
" and in use by August.

b. The Huntington Collection is the only large collection of the exten-
\iye wartime storage still requiring detailed cataloguing and disposition.
Sperimenta designed to accomplish restoration of accidentally dried specimens
^.this. collection, are under way in the Laboratory and Technical Research Di-
rtsion. Favorable results are anticipated.

c. Inventory of the Jonathan Wairiwright histopathblogy collection,
parted during 1948, was completed in March 1949, and 30,638 correlated slides
W -19,639 case histories were transferred to Professional Records, Admini-
|rative Division, AFIP, for integration into the general file of pathologic
■fcterial. Four thousand slides without histories are being retained in the
fiseum for a limited period, pending possible discovery of associated case
^tories. The collection of 5226 Wainwright reprints was sorted according
£ pathology specialties and transferred to the respective units of the
'athology Department .

-54-

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tdn;: •}.:

. d. The historical instrument collections were reviewed, sorted, photo
aphod by Museum personnel, wrapped, packed and stored, or exhibited. Accu-
Sf location records are now available,- with a final count, except in
casional ^stances where multiple loems, with little or no ^{'J?*
cessioned under one number. A number of historical instruments the loca-
which were, unknown on 1 January 1949, have been found and + appropri-
e location records made.. New accession numbers have been added to the
neral accession files in appropriate instances. The compilation of detailed
Ktorical data first on the more important historical instruments and later
; ; . * all historical Stents, mustlwait staffing of the Historical Research
:'' ? ''' v /vision.

••■-"*** I e. The collection of Civil War gunshot injuries and f s0 ° iat ^ di ^^^
■'■"■■"«"* L completely inventoried, carefully wrapped, packed and stored. Old records
I"?*?? K C been ISintd. New, detailed, location records of the ind^J^-^T
^^^m )ns win be prepared and current accession numbers applied as need ior
veling or local exhibits occurs*

f ' The section termed Historic Scientific Data still awaits a detailed
: d v Howeverfit nas been pecked at from time to time and the potentiali-
eflnd^cated in the 1948 report are still warranted. A few of the items
t have rewarded a cursory study are:

(I) Original copy of a' statement by J. J. Woodward about first use
photomicr^raphic equipment in Army General Hospitals (Asst. Surg. Thomson
id Norris, Douglas Hospital)
! . : (2) Reference to Woodward's "prehistopathologiC interest in cancer

(3) Reference to Woodward's independent use of aniline dyes as ^

stologic stain

" (L) case histories, -occasional gross specimens, microscopic slides
A majority of Se 18 cases'used by J. J. Woodward in his histopathological
ludV^f clncer entitled "On the Structure of Cancerous Tumors and the Jode
L >wkich Adjacent Parts are Invaded" .Presented as the first Toner ^JJ 72

,1872

(5) Copies of Prof. J% Wv Draper's Daguerreotype photomicrographs

850) and J. J, Woodwards personal note on the early history of photomi-^
gography

VT^fJ

l.'yTt*^*^

(6) Correspondence about Sternberg's early interest in Yellow

(7) correspondence on Billing's 10th Census

(8) information on Billing's attempts for a new museum catalogue^

1878
1880

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-55-

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I! f^ ( 9 ) First and some subsequent publications on the role- of the Army . _

; Medical Museum as the National Dental Museum

(10) Bailey K . Ashford's original discovery of Ancly stoma duodenale ;
| as cause of Porto Rican anemia (Hookwork Disease) *- a ™

\ (11) Annual reports 1882 " 1906 .

I ! at T he records of old specimens of the Civil War era are confused and

! incomplete. However, a continuing review of a large number of extensively

II fragmented accession' books, diagnosis lists, case history books, ^respond-

! encfbooks, etc., is gradually filling in tne chronologic gaps. It may be

! inferred that the location of specimens and records, or disposition of the

_ ! former, can shortly be determined with a fair degree of accuracy.

■ 3. AT TENDANCE. NEW EXHIBITS, LDAN S^ ACCSSIONS: ':123,3?6.. persons

visited. the Museum during 1949, 213^ new items were added and 635 new or
I revised exhibits were shown. See Exhibits C and D.

4. PJCRSONNEL: The effects of training, increase in practical experi-

Ience and i mproved su pervision evident during the latter part of 1948, showed
excellent results during 1949- Changes in. the working faff were fewer during
1949 than 1948. Of a total of ;19, persons, II served a. full twelve months -in
contrast to 25- and 5 in 1948, and 3? and 1 in 1947 . l The resultant improvement
' ' • in training and increase in practical experience consequent to greater stabil-
ity of the working staff resulted in improved morale and increased accomplish-
ments. Replacement of personnel was slow. Recruitment of personnel t°
required level for full museum activity did not occur. Recruitment, particu-
larly of the professionally trained persons for the Historical Research and
Educational Planning and Information positions was limited by a severe shortage
of qualified persons in these fields. See Section I Exhibits B.and D for per-
sonnel assigned as of 31 December 1949-

5. a. m^ARTir-TJT&T. RKVIEW (W0R KK)AD) : . Earty in January 1949 lists of
contemplated projects lor the year were prepared by each major unit ol the ,
Museum. It was possible to follow through on a large majority of the pro-
jects except where delay, or failure of procurement of necessary supplies,
equipment or personnel prevented the formulation of practical working
schedules.

b Many of the projects, such as evacuation of museum items from the
- main building; inventory, of Civil War gunshot injuries, historical instru-
ments and prostheses, Jonathan Wainwright Collection; review, and sorting of
Wainwright reprints; preliminary cataloguing, indexing and storing ol
• ' Huntington Collection; sorting, etc., of historic scientific data, required
coordination between the professional, technical, administrative and main-
tenance units. Although each had additional duties specifically referable
to. their respective units, the coordination was carried out smoothly with
•the least possible waste of time and motion.

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. O- -«i-t% W^^m^heolloJ^^m^^^ . This divisi0 n

I V - and Maintenance. Because of the ^er^T rdS '/ lles and St <*age Section,

■ I -eum activities, this^^o^^aV^^^l^-^rLlti^ 01 ^^ *'

I : the ^St^e^^^iJS 3 ^ LT ining T in the basement of

loguing were completed on 18 lr \ J?Xl . Museum. Inventory and cata-

Iof ^Jonathan Walnut slides^nHaf T\ ^ S ° rting and delating
the year, and 19,639 histones and i ITsl^* 3 ^ Com P leted early L
Records for incorporation into ?heif f ViL n ^ Sent to Pro ^ssional
i assisted in the erection anfrearra" g e m Ltof^3?Lh 19 h^ ^ Unit ^^

1 6 ' P anels 5 typed, indexed and filed I So ILaI ^l*' ex P ress ed as tf x

■l large numbers of 'historical records that Ld ^ J "f^ al P hab etically

many moves in the past ten years Tn^Lf ^ dlS0r S^ized during the

I rendered to the Chief of ?atholow H ""' • secretari ^ services were

I of the Cardiovascular Registry fL to th ^ i" h±S Capacit ^ as Registrar

! Research. registry, and to the Chief of Laboratory and Technique

its Chief with occasional assista^P of y eai " thlS division included only'

Service Branch., m SeptLberonrenliftpr 30 "" 61 , 3331 ^^ fr ° m the Gener *l
gross specimen preparation ZsTssT^lt £ ^t^jS^T^ *

wa, c^pieTp^^ a^aSS ^ T* °' *° ***«

museum holdings from the rain h„iTH^ ? ^ssistmg m the movement of
final U|»utL. or thf^SiS 1 ^"! ^2r/l 9 SJc ^fit 9 presents a
6364 units represented multiple museum it™ u'° e ma J orit y of the

on an average of seven times! ' 8 * Ch ° f Which had to be handled

Limited sSeTon 7 ISTeVf ££££ S 2 r^ 6 W * ^ Sl ^
mens were carried on; however, "th ^majority oTt^ *"? T^ 5 gr ° SS S ^ ci "
the year was directed to review wiS^f V l™* f ° r the Winder of
specimens on museum displa^'fr^e^o™ "f* ™* 10 " of the substandard
breakdown of the items repaired and snecWnT^ *?!*' Exhibit E P resents a
sion. epaxrea and specimens mounted in plastic in this divi-

d. Early in the year studies to provide a thin *
gross specimens were instituted a nr .v e a thlJ1 > transparent coating for
sented at the April mStSe of ^h An^ T^ r6p0rt on this w °rk was Jre-
Museums. The me^hod^r ^id'e a tr^llTf^ 1 tT^^ ° f Medical
shape, color, relativfweieht and To^ll Y COated ^^n in which size,
contrast to solid plastL 1 oun"" ZTlZyilsT^ 1 ^ f ° r Stud *- In
study, storage in water suffices to keln th* 1S availab ^ for future

period. Further standardization of techniaue rettT* "t^^ ^ ""' 6Xtended
storage characteristics are required SolJrtt to, color retention and

melanoma of the eye and associated t+ + transparent plastic mounts of

for an ophthalmologic exhibi Id otSftStic ^J™ ^^ ^ ^^ d

, ana otner plastic mounts were prepared for

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O museum display. Color retention in most instances has been good but a
V ' constant, easily repeated technique has not yet been developed in thxs
dificult field of museum preparation.

e Throughout 1949 continued liaison was maintained with the Supply
(Kfice '-relative to procurement of laboratory furniture and equipment, and
installation of the same. The contract for the laboratory -furniture was
letlolhe. Metalab Company, April 1949. It was delivered and «s tailed by
31 October: inspected, approved and released by 17 November. The laboratory
was occupied by^useum personnel in December but lacking proper wiring or
the ovens and buffing and polishing equipment, only limited activities could
bo carried on. At the end of the year lighting and special wiring had been
requisitioned, but not installed.

8 ^THnT.nOY AND ANAT OMY DIVISION , a. . HEMRY "*■ EDMONDS, MVDY, CHIEF .

Duri ng the year this di vision included only its ^^.^J^}^ 3
of a secretary who was at the same time secretary to ^ j^f °J ""^ ce
oratory and Technique Research Division and supervisor of the Ofxicc Service
Section of the General Service Branch. The division ohief carried out the
following activities.

b. A group of 5391 wet-mounted gross pathology specimens were sorted
and coded f£ shelving, using a simplified Angerist modification of the
standard Nomenclature (A.:,1.A.)'. Professional supervision was hen giver t ,
the preparation of a full diagnostic cress index card file °\™%^^i ma/
A preliminary sorting of the Huntington collection was made, and .professional,
guidance wa7given to the clerks of the General Service; Branch in the in-
ventorying of -the- Ball,. Blackburn, and ..other minor ecllec 010ns, •

c The organization of the stored collections of the Museum, just de-
scribed Scillirted utilization of these collections in three major revisions
of the existing public displavs. The sections of the display halls. dealing
fithlnSomy comparative analcmy and embryology ^gS^^^^re
with medical instruments and appliances were eacn re-worked and spccim ns were
Saced in morp meaningful sequences, inadequate specimens culled and otaero
Sded from the storagf collections. The results of thes e opera -ns .cula be
even more striking had the Museum been able tenure a suitable L-rge typ.
Electroraat typev/riter for use in relabelling the displays.

■ . d . Utilization of the classified and indexed stored collections of the
^useuS was made in the preparation of a series cf "^^ *tem ofthe ^
dWlavs initiated in July and followed regularly thereafter. Another new
exnioS develop by the Pathology and Anatomy Division was "Contribu ions to
the Medical Kuseun, by Former Members of the radical Society cf -h^Diotrict
of Columbia" - a display of primary medicc-histcrical !■*«*.* major exhioit
on vnariasis a unit fcr the nrcj acted tropical disease section ci trie
Suseui^i" developed as far as tne st, g e cf , ."nock-up- final", working plan.

e . Liaison with the- Department of Pathology cf the Institute ja: ; '
effected bv the Division. Chief in several ways. . I no service, , C* lain
Tiecke rore secured fcr sorting cut stored collections 0, dental ca.t.. A

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set of specimens was selected for Doctor Mostofi to take to the meeting of a
national urological society. A set of specimens was arranged for a display
of dissecting aneurysms contemplated by Doctor Gore. A set of specimens was
pulled from the filer for the exhibit on metastatic melanomas of the eye.
This exhibit was prepared by the Medical Illustration Service for Mrs. Wilder.
. The Division Chief also prepared the draft of a standard operating procedure
on processing of gross tissue in the Institute, which was subseouently adopted,
and (together with the Curator of the Museum) participated in the committee
under chairmanship of Major Vorder Bruegge to plan the reorganization of the
gross tissue storage system of the A.F.I. P.

f . The nucleus of an Advanced Teaching section of the Museum was formed
by the selection, tagging and cross indexing, of a hand study collection of
some 350 un-mounted gross specimens obtained by referral of specimens in
current cases, and by search of the existing, inadequately organized, "dupe"
storage section of the A. F.I. P. preparation room.

g. Docent service was provided by this Division for the various groups
requesting such guidance, ranging from local high school classes to groups of
dental R.O.T.C cadets.

h. Professional studies of tiie Pathology and Anatomy Division include
preparation of two scientific papers, to be listed elsewhere in. this report.

i. During the latter two-thirds of the year, the Chief of the Division
was also active as Registrar of the Registry of Cardiovascular Pathology
(American Registry of Pathology). In this connection he attended two national
medical meetings and participated in two administrative conferences with the
Advisory Committee of the Registry. 253 case's were registered. A form for
contributor's record of data was devised. Plans were formulated to secure a
Junior Fellow (supported by the American Heart Association) to work in cardio-
vascular pathology beginning in July 1950.

9. HISTORICAL RESEARCH AMD EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND INFORMATION : Ac-
tivities in these units of the Museum have been carried, on a small scale, as
part of the activities of the Curator's office. Repeated requests for Civil
Service assistance, inquiries to consultants, medical history groups and
training centers for historians and health educators hnve been to no avail.
Recruitment through Civil Service is continuing but results are doubtful. Two
applicants are under study.

10. RESEARCH: a. Activities in this field may be classified as tech-
nical and historical. However, in both fields problems have been dictated
by requests for material for exhibits, or limited by need for the few avail-
able personnel to deal with technical or professional problems associated
with the restoration of the museum collections or files.

b. The technical studies of plastics, started during 1948, with the
exception of color preservation' of gross specimens, have been completed, or
discontinued as unnecessary. A sprayable plastic has been found, and is now
used to coat restored bones, instruments, bullets and similar dried specimens.

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The search for a hard wax or varnish finish has been discontinued as un-
<■- • necessary. Extensive handling on hard surfaces has resulted in shallow ^

scratches which, however, can be readily removed by light buffing. Studies
in color preservation of fixed gross specimens, studies in plastic coating
of the same type of specimens, and restoration of desiccated specimens,
previously mentioned in the section on the Laboratory and Technique Research
Division, are continuing. Further study and standardization of techniques :
are needed in all these efforts.

c. Historical research studies dealt mainly with examination and cor-
relation of the historic records of the Museum and Army Medical Library to
provide historical data and items for exhibit purposes, or to clarify points
in the history of the medical department, museum or individuals associated
therewith. Assistance was rendered to members of the Department of Pathology,
A*F.I.P., Preventive Medicine, S.G.O.; Laboratory Service, W.R.G.H.; Medical
Illustration Service, A.F.I.P.; and Army Medical Library, in the form of
museum items or historical data for twelve exhibits.

11. TRAINING , a. Although lacking in practical experience, the
' majority of the staff was indoctrinated during the latter part of 1948 in

methods of handling rare and valuable museum items. A fortnightly Museum
staff meeting served to answer questions of policy, correct errors, or
omissions and review plans applicable to sections, or to the staff as a
whole. New personnel received a short period of orientation in the relation-
ship between their section, the Museum and the Institute as a whole in addi-
tion to their specific duties. In the Laboratory and Technique Research Divi-
sion technical training of an informal type has been extended to two members
of the staff and, for periods varying from a few hours to a week has been ex-
tended to an estimated twenty-five visitors from the United States and foreign
medical institutions.

b. Maintenance and inventory duties have prevented training of likely
civilian and military personnel in the rudiments of laboratory practice,
particularly relative to. the simple, repeated operations required in mounting
gross specimens in plastic.

c. At the close of the year an outline of an elementary training pro-

Igram for inexperienced personnel, and preparation of a .list of current plastic
mounting techniques was in preparation for use in. a formal training program
scheduled to start 15 February 1950.

12. EXHIBIT PLANNING . During the year a great deal of shifting,
adjusting, deletion of substandard specimens and additions of new material
was accomplished for the improvement of old museum exhibits and placement cf
new M.I. S. exhibits (Exhibit D).

b. Consultations with outstanding authorities on professional and
technical matters referable to tropical disease exhibits and general museum
problems were held. Discussions of the five basic diseases, Malaria, Schisto-
somiasis, Amebiasis, Hookworm, and Filariasis, to be developed in the tropical
disease section were held with Dr. E. Carroll Faust and Dr. Willard. H. Wright.

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A basic outline for Filariasi3 was prepared, and planning work was started
on a Schistosomiasis Japonicum exhibit.

c. Preliminary planning and associated conferences on redesign cf the
entrance, foyer and the main display areas cf the Museum were held sdth the
staff of the Medical Illustration Service. Similar discussions and prelimin-
ary outlines cf type and location of material for an historical phctcmural
for the entrance walls and "History of Modern Medicine" exhibit for the up-
stairs foyer of the present building, have been held. This work is locked
upon as a "test run" for similar planning in the Museum' section cf the new
Institute.

13. MUSEUM EDUCATIONAL SERVICES . Frior to the end of 1949 reorganiza-
tion problems prevented the Museum from devoting the major proportion cf
time and effort toward the development of educational services. At the end
of the year reorganization*, for practical purposes, was accomplished. Basic
policies referable to current and future development had been formulated and
general schedules for the completion of the following programs were in
process: (1) redesign cf display facilities cf the present museum and study of
similar problems relative to the new Institute; (2) planning and production of
synoptic medical exhibits on subjects cf military medical importance; (3) photo-
duplication cf museum exhibits; (4) development cf mobile museums of gross
specimens mounted in plastic for loan to field installations; (5) expansion of
the facilities .of the Advanced Teaching Museum for Armed Forces and authorised
students: (6) development cf the Historical Research Division for the col-
lection of historical data on pathology during World War II, catalogue and
history cf the Museum and historical data required in planning cf current ex- ^
hi bits; (7) development of the Educational Flanning and Information section cf
the Curator' s office to increase exhibit planning and educational utilization
of the Museum and its services by Armed Forces officers, civilian physicians,
high school, college and medical school students; (8) expansion cf technical
training and research.

H^HHHHHBHHHHHHHHKHHHfr

^Operations pertinent to reorganization consisted of transporting,
cleaning, repairing, sorting, preliminary cataloguing, temporary storage,
final cataloguing, cross referencing, indexing, filing, accessioning,
wrapping, packing and final storing of ever 126,000 museum itc:.is and
the salvage or discard cf- damaged medical items and a great bulk of
unrelated or distantly related material.

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. 14. SUMMARY. The year ended with the staff technically and rrc-
f cssicnally as.it was at the end cf 1948 but with added experienced
t-.wj part cf all relative to the -problems cf the Museum. Working condi-
tions continued unsatisfactory. Working force was mere stable, interested
and efficient, but the total strength. was below requirements. Sur-lv of
standard items, with: a few exceptions, improved, but service on social
items continued slow. Total space was inadequate especially space with
heavy weight bearing properties and a disproportion between storage and
display space was evident. Accordingly, there was excessive crowding, or
tendency tc ever-loading, in some areas and inadequate space utilization

Hon^HnZ+f S i ReSea Ch and trainin S activities were not up to expecta-
tions^ to slow procurement cf equipment and technical cersonnel. Exhibit
planning progressed slowly but constantly. Slowness cf progress was due to
small exmbit planning staff in the Museum^ and heavy workload in the exhibit
production activities cf the -edicel Illustration Service.

Frcgress in overall development has net been as rapid or as ccmrlete

exMc^ at th V l0SC ,° f 1948 ' Ocularly ** development of modern
exhibits, preparation of teaching material for the field and development cf

tions S XCal ^ edUC f iCnal Flannin S ^ U FS have not been up to expecta-
t%~\,7Z ' J? SFlte ° f cenditiens- manticned in the bedy of the report,
there has been a distinct sense of accomplishment .and pride in the adapta- '

r^t! y 'i erSeV T nCG aM ;villin ^ eSB <* the junior staff to tackle and com-
plete assignments previously outside their various ranges of experience

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" SUMVIARY- OF ITEMS 111 MEDICAL 'MUSEUM AS" OF. 31 DECEMBER 1949

Biologic Specimens 13,737

Fathologic - gross:-

lYet-unmounted ". . ... 350 .

Wet-mounted ' 6233

Plastic mounted 76

Bones (Civil War) 4073

Entcmologic 5200

Anatomic 170

Comparative anatomic

(Huntington and eld series) 3590

Miscellaneous - reptiles, etc 45

Instruments and appliances 3,433

Models, etc 3,699

Historical scientific data :■ 56,609

Medals, coins and stamps 2,128

Weapons 168

Wood cuts . . .'• 2,347

Peruvian mummies 3

Items disposed of in 1949 58,684

i-GRpSS TOTAL - 126,808

'M&T TOTAL i remaining .after disposition, of>

,38, 68— items ............................ ■..;■■• . 88 , lc.4 '

Named collections . ... '.,. .". '. . . . . .......; 31

Exhibit A

J-~

■£

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'■ -i*j " |

M: :

• ;f .J

^gp : v - • ■ ■ ■ . ■

j __^fe& SECTION IV.

^jjps§&i.L'. Ruell A. Sloan, M. D.,. Curator !

•'.t).vi.-, ; .-.- ii -.>J ;i ..' . , ■

•ffS^I.- . GENERAL.

i^s$& . Over three yeara hav© elapaod alnoe the opening of tho Muoeum
^fP^vltB prooent quarters, The atoff has. changed from one phyaician
||p|ahd o-fov inexperienced enlisted nan to a staff of 21, vhich
^^OCBq?rlsea a nucleus of tho professional, technical, and admlniatrot-
gj^lte-.peiscnnel necessary to the basic operation of o comprohoneivo
Jpl£»dlcal museum. Gradual filling of position vacancies is being
^^Mobcomplished as qualified personnel become available. Tho Muooua

proper has changed from a largo vacant recreation hall and aoaortcd
^~*|«aaller rooms to an organized exhibit aroa with over 300 diaplayo
glglihich reflect broad medical Interests of value to the public, junior
SrlP 841081 <***«««, and specialists. Increasing uao of color and
^^improvod vistas continued to be Justified by the reaction of public
!i§# ad Professional visitors. An Advanced Teaching Laboratory ha a
g^Jeen set up under the Chief of Pathology, Anatomy, and Embryology
^§Z!£? aa **™*l _ ta specimen preparation tootalquc, ouch oo
p^jliOtlO^cootlaa, »ho uao of poly.thylone bags and oarbowax for the
^^preparation and transportation of opecimena.

"'•' : '->>~'i':

i^svlli CURATOR'S OF FICE.

ft|p*|v-. Goneraldlroction of all museum activities originates in the
^grator's Office.. As diviaiona and brenchoo aro activatod, the
^^lamentation of appropriate administrative, technical and pro-
l^ftofllonal^progroms la .delegated to the ohiefa of tho respective
.— v..rinnoouin unita.

pmm^^. .** g^atorical Reaearoh and Educational Plan ning nnH
mmZZrlgri ***** K° Procurement of a Chief of the ELsiorioal
IffSSr ^S 17 ro0earoh aeceaaary to tho preparation of medical
fe*S£ *? ^■.f"fo"»««oV.lWPlilDt B - is being carried on to a
*S?t^S! / ^ formation Section *** ™ a activated In
^^rll with the tranafer of Mrs. Evolyn Drayton from the Office of :

^^wju 1 ^ ^ to *» **ical M^eun,. At yoar*a end a candidate
=3Jtati^i? ^^ QOClal aoiaao ™ «* considerable medical,
^'£2 tloal ^ and Uhxory research background was being conaidorod
gggbr the position of Chief of Educational Planning and Information.

•fltii.'l'l..' ?* V,^^* 1 ™ Sect *°n^ v ^ ™*"f).'

roU ne^^^?^ 1 ■'*?&¥*** «o^du^d nova relodaes voro "iaouod on
laas^a hi? £ **° Qn4 ° ctivlt ^ <* the" Museum. To dato,690 -ro- :

3aitemf 2, ^/f 1 * *> nowapapors and magazinoa . Thio ropro.onta
ju itemareleaaod to .23 different a ourcoa../;Sur 1 daymving. picture /

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^tb : oodicdl and public health subjects were instituted on July 1 '
It^dtovo bora shown to an average. audience of 75 persons per Sunday. '■
f^On'Auguat 1-, the f irst of the mimeographed pamphlets on :the'
Ipbistory of the Institute and the- Museum exhibits was- published^'
:p31noo that date' eight pamphlets .have been released! To da to
^5706 pamphlets havo .been distributed: to visitors' to the Museum
^Conducted tours for high school and college groups -wore announced
:£fin October, and to date 12 tours have been given by the Information
.^■Office. An increase has been noted in the school groups being
^brought to the Museum in conjunction with classes In hygiene, bioloay
i^vgooeral science, and art. ' •"'

gggg. myhe absence of an archivist, this section has reviewed
W§SD*I old records and documents in the Museum files, and has
v^pJflSBlfled 2^55.- Since April, 130 public relations interviews
.>sv1»vd been held.

fc.'-s

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pr.t:

\£r r ■. , .

EF-~ :S

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■i'.t- ' •*

'-■..*,t.;:;.- - .

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> Raaearch, Training,, Exhibit Planning :

1. Research; The research program of the Museum is
divided into specimen preparation techniques, his-
torical research, exhibit analysis, and pathologic
investigation. Beferonce to those respective groups
has boon made in the appropriate sections .

2. Training ;

(a) General: All newly assigned personnel
require a short period of indoctrination, especially
enlisted and civilian personnel employed in the move-
ment and cleaning of museum items. Breakngo has boon
greatly decreased as the result of Initial indoctrinat-
ion and periodic review.

(b.) Laboratory : From March 2 to Juno 8 a
training oourne in museum methods was conducted. Two
oivilian and five enlisted personnel attended two
one-hour sessions per week on oosontiol phases of
museum tochniquos, including plastics.

(°) Orientation of Guard-GUid em Enlisted
members of the Museum staff have served as guard-
guides on Saturdays and Sundays sinco tho start of
the moving picture programs in July. Orientation
talks, of one-half hour nookly are given by Dr. Henry
V. Edmonds or Mrs. Evelyn Drayton to review questions
on old exhibits, and present now onos.

3 . Exhibit Planning :

A conversion to tho "Throe Museum Plan"

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■"29S*?.:

(1,2*) started in 1947 was continued during 1950. «.
total of 19 exhibits planned and produced during 1950
are listed in Exhibit 33 F Projected plans includes
three-phase development of the main hall into the
General Medical Museum; continued production of
historical exhibits for the Lay Public Museum; re-
arrangement of space and collection of data for
further development of the cubical pattern of the
Advanced Teaching Museum; increasing liaison' with
Navy and Air Force for develppraent of respective
sections of the General Medical Museum, formulation
of plans for incorporating the Museum into rt rmed
Forces Reserve Officers Training Programs and formu-
lation of an exhibit exchange program with Armed
Forces and affiliated Federal Medical Agencies. n
preliminary plan for coordination of civilian de-
fense training activities and public museum display
has. also been proposed,,

iMM" d « Museum Loan Service: The following categories of
? ^materials are available for loan.

•'■W : ; !• Gross pathology specimens mounted in plastic.

TtZ 2 - Collections of historical material.

S^iiT- ' 3 * Extended renewable loans of duplicate, museum

""Vrgp*-.' items..

, : -|?; 4. Joint Army Medical Library-Medical Museum

•;;;::' traveling exhibits.

:4 Detailed lists of material or exhibit totals are available upon

• ri: request, ■

^£L T": u L° f a 3er1 ^ of joint traveling loan, exhibits to be .
^nS ^ Z ^Medical Museum in collaboration with the Reference
? S? ?H°f ; 6 - Anny Hedic^L. Library was .proposed .by Dr. Edmonds, ~

■ ^aU^h?M^ a T n W ° rk W3S ""^tokpii.- The plan is to circulate'
,iSi^^ sets ^mong a select group- of medical school libraries.

■4tem^ ti *S "■ !^ blt ? iS t0 ^ by select i°" f™n the "Featured
'^M the Month" series of the Medical Museum and from similar

ivSilSirary. SerieS ***"""* ^ ^ ReferGnce 'Division, Army
Hff- ^^L SERVI CE DIVISION : (Miss Helen R. Purtle, Chief) 5

: 'or tho i,' 1 * 118 '" div f 3ion handles the routine administrative activities
; record, t™ pelflt i v ? to Personnel, supply, fiscal, office servicae,
'operrtions Page lnve "tory of museum items, and maintenance

a. Personnel; The increase in practical experience and

■ * Snotr^L'^ 10 ^ 1 l ' useum > Col. Raymond 0. Dart, BIAM XXVII

Keport 7th Meeting AFIP, Scientific Advisory Board, 16 Dec. 1950.

<#$&§>£$?•• ■ ■

^toprovod suporvlalon evident during 19W and 19^9 continued
<ffpttawughoutl950. Incrooeed etabllity of tho ataff haa boon
Sgplafloant charactoriatic of tMo year. All division, branch, and
,,feflootlon superviaora on duty In January 1950 continued throughout
U%$» y 001 "' Turaover ^ nonauporvloory clerical poaltlono, both
. ; ^:,iUtary and civlllnn, woo fairly active. A full time aocrotary .
i : ^tor tho Chief of Pathology, Anatomy, and Embryology vaa added In
/.;..- Ibbroary. An Information SpociAliat wna added to tho staff In
LPprll. During tho year throo additional tochniciona, ono civilian
v7;and two military voro added to tho laboratory. Tho former wao '
-- droftod In Novombor. Die pooltl'ono of Chief of . the Hiatorical
^Branchj^Archlvlot Chief of the Educational Planning and Information
^Dpputy Curator and Secretary to tho Curator continued 'unfilled "
^Uocauoo of . procurement difficultloa at year 'a and. "

iir-'i "?*■ oupply of trained muaoum poraonnel. ia eovoroly limited.

Convoraion of military and civilian, medical and, dental technicians
- to muaoum techniolana haa boon acoompllahod to provide nocoaoary
V :BUooum laboratory poraonnel. To maintain ao ccnatant a ataff aa
^ppaoiblo vith tho proaont ahortagoa of onliatod poraonnel, utili-
sation of women and men exempt from military aorvioo la Indicated.

':'''■"' . b \ IP^oPtory o f Muaoum Itoma . Phyaiool inventory.

;i pwfeaaxonnl review, Indexing and cataloguing of pathological,
-. t cootomicol ombryologlcal, and hiatorical muaoum itoma, and docu-
' T^^a "? -° nd lB ccnvorfcln 8 the muaoum fiLoa Into a cloaely
S^SS^ roforonce to valuable medical teaching notorial. Ovor

S™^i?f ^ i ^S °J vldoly °»ortod typoa have boon reviewed,
,phyeloolly Inventoried, partially Indexed, and filed. Proper

fdtTS^l *" b °° n md0tO °PP r °P ri ^ display or etorago oroaa.
Sw? ^f ^ ***** * vnr atorago, tho Wainvrlght
™ r„+ f " st °P ot ^^S7 alldea, and Iter* uoolase to Current

-S -nf ^ dovolopmont of tho Muaoum wore disposed of (Exhibit

J^v +< ^V* 111 romlno a *otol of 79,792 itoma in the working

SL^n', 05 ? 1 !? 33Ah D0t0ll0d ^"oro in both caSgoSel
ore available In the Muaoum fl loo. The collection of tasio^Sto ■

■^S f °J *» ^ture^re^tion of cataloguea of So variola
categories of museum ho ldingo la in procoaa.

1. The Huntington collection remains aa tho only
K*8o collootiariof World War II atorago at ill re-
quiring detailed phyalcal Inventory, profoeeional
rovlov, cataloguing and dicpoaltion.

2. Phyalcal Inventory of hiatorical Instrumnt?

oo^ctionswria completed during 19^9. Prof oaalonal
rovlov haa boon carried on aa time pormittod during
1950, and was atill In procoaa at year'a ond.

3. Tho hiatorical aciontific data la being gradually
indexed and catalogued aa qualified poraonnel from tho
Information Sootlon can provide time from more

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Important duties. A gonorol Indication of tho
contents of this filo was Included in the 19^9
Annual Roi>ort.

k. The records of old specimens of the Civil War
period are confused and incomploto. Bovovor, roviow
of o largo numbor of fmgmonted accpaoion "books ,
diagnosis lists, case history hooks, correspondence
hooka, and so forth, mentioned in the 19^9 Annual
Report, continuos. In this category tho Civil War
bane specimens havo been physically inventoried and
nov avait professional review prior to indoadng for
catalogue purposos.

5. Roviow of the 168 weapons listdd in the 19^9 ■Annual;
Roport vqs accomplished and those ossontial to his-
torical oxhibits. wore rotolnod. Tho balanco of 120'
wore transferred to tho Smithoonlan Instituto.

&£.'". To maintain tho intogrity of the locator files for tho in-
S f £E4ontoriod and stored Itoms of tho Musoum, b continuous . inventory
if^foystara is being instituted. .'With oxlstlng personnel a period of
■'::. : nix months Is required to oomploto tho cho«k on all musoum holdings.

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c. Attondonco, Acoosaions, Now Exhibits, Infortxition Ro-
loasos, Loans .

1. Attendance ; Normal weathering of the Museum signs,
assistod by tho neighborhood bed boys, oxcoodod
i^}"- construction and. the Musoum was without a sign from

'■£* mid -Juno to nld-Docombcr. During those months tho

public museum attendance foil In oxcoas of ,9000 from
- tho I9U9 figuro to o total of ,lll+,650. j In addition

thoro has boon roportod a slight docroaso in musoum
attondonco from othor areas of tho country.

Ur- 2. Accessions ; Fivo hundred and sixty -fivo now

accessions woro rocoivod.

3. Nov Exhibits - Information Roloaoos ; Over 700
i£, now exhibits, bxprossod qs V x 6' panels, wore placed

on display; 5700 informational pamphlots woro dis-
tributed to the visiting public.

J*.. Loans ; Over UOO musoum itoms and 9 historical or ,
pathological collections woro loaned to dopertmonts
within the Instituto, Wostorn, Southron and Mldwootorn
medical schools, and Federal ogoncloo for toaching,
study, roforonco, rosoorch, and exhibit purpoooa.

d. Maintenance . For tho first time sinc.er tho 19^7
opening of tho Musoum sufficient naintonanco poraonnoL has boon

61 , .

!'?s#jujai3!ied to koop tho pub II o displays clean, noat and orderly.
"'^'jtony compliments have boon rocolvod, and crodlt Is due to Mr.
£vgobo*t Fletcher and his ataff.

v:,;-IV, . LABORATORY DEVELOPMENT.

Dovolopmont of a now laboratory under the supervision of
"•"•■Mr. Thomas N. Eavllond, 1 occupied in Dpcombor 19*4-9, woe continuod
..: through 1950. Lighting and spocinl vlring for the ovons had boon
requisitioned during 19^9 hut due to difficulty In obtaining
construction assistance and in obtaining and installing oquipmont,
j. the laboratory was not complotod until May 1950.

Development of snail plastic counted gross spooimori museums
L of spoclalty pathology material continues. Collections aro pro -
•'. gently avoiloble In tho pathology of tho atomic bomb and general

pathology. Collections designed to illustrate the noro special

fields of pathology can bo mode upon request.

Facilities for training In routine and special mounting
techniques aro available.

Rfiaoarch studios in spoclmon preparation techniques voro con-
tinuod throughout tho yoar. Tho prlcary objective in those studies

*•■ is tho development in natural color of plastic mountod or coatod
gross teaching apecimonn, capable of being shipped in an economical,
nonbraokablo manner to romoto points. Progross has boon made. A
nothod has boon dotolopod for preservation of Kaiser ling color in
plastic. Further basic vork on tho physics and ohonlstry of
hemoglobin and ltc relationship to the rotonticn of natural color,

: as well as study of mpdom physical tochniquos for tho preservation.

, of tissuo by iatorforonce vith enzyme systoms rmA destruction of
bactbria are roqutrcd. Tochniquos have also boon developed for:

1. Restoration of scloctod doa icon tod tissuos.

2. Limitod application of plastic coatings to
tooching spocimons.

3. Dostaining and restoring rust-covorod spocimons.

Studios are in progross on 1310 application of plastic embedding,
cooting or pockaging In . poly b thy lone bags and carbowax coatings in
tho preparation of gross pathology spocimons from field hospitals.

Exhibit 33 G summarizes the production for tho year 1950.

v «. PATHOLOGY. ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY . (Dr. Henry W. Edmonds, Chiof ).

Extonalvo contributions voro undo in organizing and
developing the majority of tho "Foaturod Item of tho Month" oxhiblts .
-(Exhibit 33 F), ond preparing oddltional oxhibits on mlocollanoouo
itoms of historical vnluo. Throughout tho year profoaoionaL guidonco
was affordod the Rocords, Filoa and Storage Section of tho General

62 ' ' ;

i»-V'.-,.

^Service Division in the" Processing of historic instruments, models
jjjlages, pathologic and other biologic specimens. Professional

Advice and guidance were also afforded the Vuseum Laboratory and
Jlflitesearch and Preparation Branch in the preparation of plastic
^mounted gross specimens. . In November the long-awaited Electroraa tic
St^ typewriter was received and the extensive task of relabeling the
"-"■•^anatomical and comparative anatomy specimens was begun.

:: ft: a. Advanced Teaching Laboratory : This laboratory was

^equipped and set in operation in July under the direction of the
-p|:(jhief of Pathology, Anatomy and Embryology. The laboratory is
S^jfljjediately adjacent to the gross specimen library for ease of
^j. transfer of teaching material. Its facilities have already been
SfeS.'ttsed by visiting students.

H*I.' SUMMARY .

.^%- The year ended with the staff moderately but insufficiently

^increased technically and professionally. Working conditions
I;were improved slightly but at the loss of valuable space in Tampa .
^rSHall* The senior working force was stable, interested and, efficieot
^'f'tfit' total strength for the accomplishment of anticipated programs
SB ; continued inadequate. Space with proper weight bearing charactor-
"olistics continues inadequate. Renearch activities were not up to
j > expectations. Exhibit planning activities were slower ttnn desired
]^?<lue to limitation in professional and technical staff.

SjiM' ■ Progress in overall development of the J'useum has been

fe^ favorable but not as rapid as desired. Nevertheless, when the
l^iSnumber of new exhibits and general improvement in appearance are

.:,£ considered in relation to the small size of the exhibit planning
2-^ataff , the results have been gratifying, .both to the staff and to
.^public and professional visitors.

ewiAcr pyzofiA Jtfi£ Hefym-

/•'_

f . Single lantern slides, available for circulation,
w ro consolidated in one large file arba and arranged alpha-
betically by diagnosis. Proper markors and oroas-reforonco cards
vera inserted in oach drawer to expedito tho finding of apocific
glides.

g. Illustration matorial contained in the Atomic Bomb
collection was correlated with the case hiatorioa In tho control
files and given an AFIP Accession number. Each case now haa a
controlling number, which facilitates tho grouping of materials
for the case .

h. The Blackburn collection, which has long awai tod
complete accessioning, was processed by a todioua correlation
of rocofda hero at tholnatltuto and at St. Elizaboth's Hospital.

i. The James Moprqa Ball Ophthalmo logical collection,
<and a. considerable numbor of W. W. II illustrations woro trans r
forred to this division from tho Medical Musoum. Facial moulagoa
, (292) prepared over a period of years at Valley Forgo Gonoral
Hospital. wore received, accessioned,, packed, and prpporod for
storago, following the closing of that, installation.

J. About 8,000 negatives, the early Woodward Photo -^
graphic Collection, worn rof lied numerically with all essdntlal
data;, This action makes it again possible to uso tho valuable
matorial which was gathered from 1869 to 1900.

k. A 250 item 2" x 2" transparency dermatology sot and
112 Itom 2" 1 2" transparency mycology sot woro obtainod on a
loan basis from tho ttilvoroity of Pennsylvania. Tho two colloctions
woro cataloged and reproduced for Armed Forces uso and tho. original
material was returned to the contributor. It Is one of several
outstanding examplos of the way in which civilian modicino is
cooperating with military medicine.

1. Coplos of oach off ioial medical GTA wore obtained
and filod. Thoso are exceedingly valuable, slnoo tho military
situation has already required republishing action on many of
the World War II subjects and the art work was not olaowhoro
available.

m. Thoro was a deoided trend toward moro and largor
sots 6f transparencies an teaching and training sub Joe to. With
the various types of overhead projectors becoming standard equip-
ment, the transparency rather than the slide is In greater demand.
Tho plain transparoncloo are considered by most users to bo an
improvement ovor tho 3ir" x 4" lantern slide, for Initial cost is
loss, tho Items are oasior to handle, thoro is no broaknge, and
normal woar and toar is kopt to a minimum.

n. Also, the roc or da show that the 2" x 2" transparency

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SECTION V

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

III

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• Henry W. Edmonds, . M J), f Acting Curator ■

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fe.fr"

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•tion, preservation, ^ nd dLpTay dJ m?m ^^^ to the c °llec-
provide. instruction for SKS ^ lita ^/edical material to
; research facilities for the mediS IfT ° f the ^d Forces, >
for the public... Thell S*^^*^ ^ information
of the department, along wiX'tS SS^fE" 8 ?" 8 ■ the Actions
fense, the Army, the Navy and «L tf~ V he De P ar ^ent of De-

?ff e ^? b , e ?-* **^ £ *£^«£ 5TS; ■■"♦* ap!5ear on a

the Medical Museum.' ; " ^^ ^ 2 > *° **« entrance hall of

■"Parent 1* organized -SloS^l^J^**. &e staff ° f «*

,'«m»d Wth'the^eS'io^'Z?,^? Q "»7°losy DiHsion, Con-
ical items i/the ifaSSS; """WMtion of the

5 Wo„ of historical J iarcM^teSs ? S^r""" Md """«-
*■;. U.V.J. nans in the Uuseuu collection.

"' l^^t^S 1 ^^^' Eludes all other acti*.

BP^'*"* the critLlr^r 3 ??^ 2 ^ ^°™ation Branch,
Egfto Museum exhibits a \^ lua * ion of the response of the
g|g» Press and^^'J^^^ °f ^"national reuses

^.Personnel. «vxi le s for both the public and Insti-

sHE&i

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' (3) Maintenance and Assembly Branch: Responsible
for the physical maintenance of Museum items, stored or on display,
and for the erection and dismantling of all exhibits within the
Museum.

3. PERSONNEL:

ft. The. untimely death of the Curator, Dr. Ruell A..
Sloan, has been a serious : loss to the Museum and --to the Institute
as. a whole* Since: June 1951, Dr. Henry W. Edmonds has served as ;
•Acting Curator.

p. ; ThomasN. Haviland, resigned from the Medical Museum
as Chief of the Laboratory and Technics -Research Division on 17
February 1951. A suitable candidate for this position has not been
found.

c. Lir. Morris C. Leikind, formerly with the Library
of Congress, joined the staff on 25 June 1951, a s Chief of the
Historical Research Division.

d. Dr. Carla Zaglits joined the staff in April 1951
as Chief of the Educational Planning and Information Branch, and
resigned in November 1951*

e. Captain James C Beyer was appointed on 12 December
1951 as Assistant Chief of the Pathology, Anatomy, and Embryology
Division and Chief of the Laboratory and Technics Research Division.

f. Additional personnel will be required for optimum
^efficiency of the Department, which is now operating at 75 per cent
fepf its authorized strength*

life:.

U, ACTIVITIES t

a. Prime emphasis has been placed on improvement of
I the public display areas of the Museum. A 'new departure in ex-
|hibit presentation has been the "gallery shows" of significant
^medical art. Two groups of paintings have been displayed, each
for 90 days, illustrating current activities of the Medical Corps ?
if- the. Navy in combat situations. Sketches by . Frede Vidar entitled,
|!Battle Against Death in Korea", were loaned by the Abbott Labor-
atories for showing in the Museum,, and the valuable original' „can- ■-' _
Syasea by. Dean- Comwell portraying prmihent. figures in" the history
P^f American medicine were similarly loaned to the Museum by ;the/
' ~ ih Corporation. A special exhibit room was set up to present
^Current activities of the Air Force in the .evacuation of the wouad-

from Korea, using photographs supplied by courtesy of the Air
|Jto*ce Informational Office and Flight Nurse equipment kindly loaned
#7- MATS, Andrews Field Air Base.

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b. Haps and directories of the exhibits have been
placed at prominent points throughout the Museum. Glossaries
to explain technical terras to the lay public and explanatory
summaries were prepared for addition to those exhibits that
were assembled primarily for professional visitors. The use
of sound recordings in the Lhiseum was explored but set aside
temporarily pending solution of the technical problems of
limiting the area of sound penetration and securing simple
P§3 ; push-button operation of the sound mechanisms.

C. The Museum was visited by 135,152 persons; an
increase of 21,499 over the attendance in 1950. (see Exhibit
73) Some 200 tours of the Museum have been conducted for in-
dividuals and for 172 groups of great diversity in background
and interests, personnel of the Armed Forces Medical Services,
civilian doctors, and students from secondary schools and post-
graduate levels. Twenty-six leaflets describing the Museum
exhibits, or explaining some of the activities of the Institute
and of other Armed Forces Lledical Services, written by the
Museum staff, have been distributed in 33,850 mimeographed
leaflets to both lay and professional visitors. Fifteen of
these leaflets were written during 1951. The leaflets, "Legacy
■to Life (Value of the Autopsy)" and "Human Heart", have been in
■ greatest demand, over 3,800 of each being distributed in a 12-
JTrmonth period. The leaflets on "Yellow Fever" and "Military
&®fe Medicine* hold the next highest place in order of distribution,
ii over 3,000 having been distributed during the year. The LIuseum
p^has also made available to the public, printed informational
^.pamphlets of the Departments of the Army and Air Force, the U.S.
^Public Health Service, the Civil Defense Administration, and,
National Foundations for Cancer and for Poliomyelitis.
(£ee Exhibit 74)

d. Public showings of medical educational movies,

*fiS£.

ptrm on Sunday afternoons .( summer months excepted) , have, been '}'
: attended (1,430 persons). The moving picture program series,
during 1950, has been continued. The addition of a pro— ;
lector and full— size screen, to replace the admatic machine used
year, has contributed to the effectiveness of this program

audiences have reached the capacity of the available lec~
"room, 50 to 60 people, 2 showings each Sunday were started
^December. Members of the Museum staff have served in rotation
j*j&Week-ends as guard-guides and picture projectionists. Since
^Stober, projectionists have been furnished by the "edical Illustra-
tor Service, (see Exhibit 75)

e. One of the exhibit halls was equipped for
temporary conversion to a lecture room. This hall was used not
only for the week-end showings of motion picture films, but also
by other departments of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

and of. the Army Medical Library. Use of this room for such

pur-

poses has been scheduled formally, in liaison with the Training
Branch, Pathology Division. Such. use has been held to a minimum
since it necessitates the withdrawal of the room from ordinary
display functions.

f . Efforts to secure greatatr interest in the Museum on
the part of special groups of individuals have included the selec-
tion and display of a group of medical science exhibits prepared
by local high school students for the fifth annual National Science
Fair competition. An outstanding collection of stamps, documented
to illustrate the history of medicine, was loaned to the Museum by
Dr. Karl F. Meyer of San Francisco and. displayed in 9 monthly
installments. Over 600 visitors have requested the various leaf-
lets describing this collection, (see Exhibit 76)

g, Two hundred seventy-three Museum items have been
circulated on short-term loans to doctors, medical schools, and
Armed Forces installations for exhibit, , for teaching, and for
preparation of medical films and television broadcasts, (sea .ex*
hibit 77) Eighteen doctors preparing for certification by nation-
al specialty boards have availed themselves of the study facilit-
ies of the gross specimen collections in the Museum. Orientation
tours of the Museum were given to 20 groups of Medical Officers

.assigned to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Dr. Norma
.Ford Walker of Toronto, Canada, has completed dermatoglyphic
studies of the rare set of mummified quintuplet infants in the
possession of the Museum —research made possible by chemical
Wftening of the dried bodies by the Museum Laboratory.

Yu Among some i50 new Museum items received during
;1951 are included anatomical models giveh by the Library of
Congress, a collection of mounted veterinary gross pathologic
Specimens from the Bureau of Animal industry of the Department of
agriculture, and some captured North Korean medical field equip-
gJ*BWt.. Identification and indexing of the old medical instruments,
^f 3 ^ ***e collection. of the Museum has. required much time. Review;.
5*. the collection of coins and medals of medical interest has ~ -■

, During the summer, a temporary worker was employed to
r ?atalog a part of the Huntington collection of comparative anatomic-

i. Professional studies by the Museum staff have in—
the preparation of biographical papers on Hammond and on
J?i the compilation of vocabularies of medical terms obscure to
^iaity, and the improvement of methods of wet-mounting gross
sna in plastic containers.

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J. The Museum Laboratory, without a chief since
February 1951 > has carried on both routine and research projects
under the direction of the Curator's Office. Two hundred sixty-
four visitors have been given brief periods of instruction in
plastic embedding and fabrication of plastic boxes. Ninety-eight
specimens have been mounted in plastic boxes and 116 specimens
embedded in plastic.

k. Space adjustments were made to allow room, first
for the Air Forces exhibit previously described, and second for
the installation of the I.3.M. Unit of the Statistical Section of
the Pathology Division, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, in
the Museum building. The readjustments for the latter move were
particularly extensive.

1. Arrangements were made with Dr* Arthur R. Turner
of Medical Intelligence, Surgeon General *s Office, for all current
captured medical implements to be sent to the \iedical Museum 1 . The
■understanding is that the Huseum will retain only those items
deemed suitable for its collections, all other material to be
destroyed after identification data have been recorded by the
Museum for Dr. Turner.

S?ffer

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1. Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U.S. Army

Pioneer In Photomicrography

2. An Exhibit

Designed and Produced by
Medical Illustration Service

•■-•- jmdhAwWh 'i(ri[i'- , -"-A»t^. 1 , J --..

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fSva^aartsvAf

MEDICAL MUSEUM

The Army Medical Museum was the parent organization of
the Army Institute of Pathology, which developed into the Armed
Forces Institute. of Pathology. It was established during the
Civil War to house. specimens of gunshot wounds and other war
injuries that were collected for the instruction of Army surgeons.
In the course of time the Medical Museum has grown to be one
of the largest of its kind in the world. The exhibits illustrate
not only wounds of war, but also representative specimens of
all the diseases that afflict man and the animals of use to man.
Instruments which have contributed to the progress of medi-
cine are also on display, and the outstanding collection of micro-
scopes contains examples of all types from the earliest to the
most modern. Ophthalmoscopes, stethoscopes and other diag-
nostic instruments are exhibited to emphasize their historic
significance. Of especial interest to the lay public are the com-
prehensive collections of coins, medals, and stamps com-
memorating great figures or events in medicine and its allied
professions. Although Europe has had several notable medical
museums open to laymen, the Medical Museum of the Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology is the only one of its type in the
United States which admits the general public.

Laboratories have been established for the care of speci-
mens and the investigation of museum techniques and methods
of plastic protection for the display and preservation of material.
New displays are being designed to afford visitors an op-
portunity to take maximum advantage of the store of interesting
material on exhibit. Plans are being made for the division of
the present collection into three major components: a Medical
Science Museum, an Advanced Teaching Museum, and, a Public
Museum. The Medical Science Museum is in the early phase
of a 4 reorganization program which will ultimately provide ade-
quate facilities for officers of the Armed Forces, professional
personnel of other Federal services, civilian physicians, scient-
ists, and medical students who supplement their education by
studying exhibits illustrating diseases, wounds, and injuries,
preventive medicine, comparative anatomy, embryology, and
the history of advances in military medicine and the allied
sciences. For extensive study and review in the pathology of
disease by advanced students and specialists in the field of path-
ology there will be the Advanced Teaching Museum. It will be
so equipped that the users may study case records and histo-
pathology in conjunction with the gross museum specimens. In
the Public Museum, the exhibits are planned to be of educational
value to nonprofessional visitors. Emphasis will be placed on
the contributions of the Armed Forces to the health and welfare
of the nation. These exhibits will be altered from time to time
to meet changing concepts.

Even with its present limited facilities the Medical Museum
receives more than 125, 000 visitors annually. Plans for the
future are based on the obvious need for a national medical
museum and the appropriate utilization and display of the great
store of valuable material which has been collected through the
years.

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/?S3

SECTION VII
i.:SDIC"L r/USEUl.:
'Hugh R. .GiLmore, Jr., Col. ii. C . ,/Cnr.ator.

1. 0*-u>>IZ-AiOz

a r'U

VTICN: See chart on opposite page.

PH'^^S: Col. -u*h R. -iilmore, Jr.. reported for
Hll , v ; j pni-orv'ltiba/ ' t o toke up his duties as Curator of the
?£?;*! Museum, ifvebruary. Captoin Bernord. Sills was assigned
to the vu-euir/as Chief of Laboratory and Techniques Research./,
"nit and in April .^s named Chief- of the -Pathology jnit of the
Sessional Section of the aiedical *useuni. i» **^ d *°£ S
other duties. Caotain Janes. C. Beyer, .was relieved of duties
in the Museum- Laboratory in April and assigned to tne./ound
Ballistics Section.' In June because of a reduction in fore

ro^ sefen positions ware excelled,. Miss Helen R. Purtle
^s named. assistant. to the Curator in August.

There were tv» resignations' during the year; iir. Philip
joram a member of the laboratory, staff for 3 years and drs.
Evelyn : Drayton,.Int"ormc l tio n . Specialist; for the

April 1950.

3. ACTIVITIES ;

a. Throughout tne year the existing backlog of current
-ro*s material and material stored in the warehouse was ^viewed

nd items were selected for mounting and subsequent museum display.
Study and mounting of gross material collected -.in.Kor.aa is ^xn ■
orocoss, >vi R v, of the Huntington AnatomicaT. Collection,, .in^tne
Museum sine.; 1:V.<7. has again been interrupted because of Captain

Tc Bovr's ■reassianKer.f.to the Vound Ballistics Section.
Caver".." s^ne =ro S ress ■«** made in this review" and- olassifica-
* n ki.cte^ it.-ms v, e :ro tsnt.to'-Yals-'Jffivsrsxty-School of
tS'rJ* \S oti;; 'iters -aere selected for exhibit in the Museum.
riontin'us'tion'of the review of this collection rust await the
;°^„,, t of . , n anatomist. Activity in itens received .1°*™}
• ,nd i dispose of rimainod constant throughout the year (See .EmiBIT
34V 35, '-36).-

b a .r-w octivity of tn:z i/iuseum war, the initiation,
of-^ekly grcs's patnology conferences conducted by members .f .-
tne AFI-P staff and 'by visiting consultants.

£*!«•*?*

PI I

iff:f "

'18

c. The laboratory has made considerable progress
in mounting methods under the guidance of Captain Bernard
Sills, Experimental studies, both in methods and materials,
have resulted in restoration and retention of natural color
and elimination of cloudy fluids, reduction in preparation
time and improved fabrication procedures. Material has been
prepared for exhibition at national medical meetings and has
been well received. A preliminary report of the use of various
plastics is in process. Because of lack of personnel, the
routine processing of specimens has not kept pace with the
experimental work.

4. COLLECTIONS :

a. The Museum collection of -stamps of medical '. inter est.'
-,yas reviewed, classified arid catalogued'^ Review and cataloguing
of the medical medals continued throughout the year, A pre-
liminary catalogue of urologi cal. instruments , many contributed.
by tne. American i;rolc-"ical Association, was prepared arid-sent
to Dr- l/onta.^ue Boyd of the Association for review and criticism.
It i.r hoped thnt this c^tologue will ultimately be published.

b. A review has been made of the duplicate instruments
set aside for disposal and a list prepared and presented to
interested members of the Scientific advisory Board, As a result^
many of the instruments have been sent to medical' schools and
other governmental agencies for exhibit purposes;. It is felt
that the usefulness of this duplicate material would be enhanced
by preparing loan exhibits wnich would be available to medical
scnools, -hospitals, and other governmental agencies.

c. Colonel ..Teller, of 'Jalter Reed Army Medical Center
devoted considerable time in reviewing and classifying the'
/or Id V".'ar .1 moulages in the Museum Vs. collection.

d. Twenty-five
of trie staff for display
cal meetings (See EXHIBIT
by Dr. Ernest Carroll Fau
shovin at th3 1953 meetim:
X-Ray* 1 , exhibited at '.the
presented on a local tele
display in the Science ivi'u
ing, it' is so.ioduled to - : :
I usi-jum of Sci.;::c-v ar.i Ind
Hospital ^ ;.io rc-u:.''.' in r'.Yilsd

new exhibits were developed by members
in the fcuseum and/or for national medi-

32). An exhibit on Amebiasis, prepared
st and Captain George Nicholson was

of the AMA. "The Development of the
X-Ray Technologists 1953 meeting, was

ision program, arid is presently on
seum in Boston. After the Boston- show-
u to the Cleveland Health Museum, the
us try in Chicago and the Lakenau
elphia.

Tr.e "/.libit on A K r".h-m Lincoln, prior to .being sho'-n in.
m;:?eu.T., was tele vie od from Nov; vork City.

!•■ pa c e

in tho foyer of the Main flavy Building wan
assigned tc the M\:s eurr. for display of exhibits. It is hoped
that this program, t.-jmpornrily discontinued because of lack of

' U

space, will be continued and, if possible, expanded.

p-4.u . € \ Arran 6 em3nts wer e made with the Historical Section
of the Army for the loan of -or Id War II and Korean paintings.
. At year's end 40 such paintings were hung in the Museum.

g. Members of the Museum staff worked closely with
the Technical Information Office of the AFIP in developing .
radio and television programs, newspaper releases and pictorial
stories for pharmaceutical house organs, and have appeared on

"Zt^^J? 1 ^*^ P r °S™" s - Many scenes from the film ;
Born in ..the ,/hite house" were taken in the Medical Museum by the^
photographic staff of the -Nationa 1 Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis. A copy of- the film .was presented to- the AFIP,- As--
sistance was given to the .-fcshington. Heart Association in the
revision of their exhibit on Heart Disease, and to the American
College 01 Cardiologists in the selection and preparation for
an exhibit on the Development of Cariicc Diagnosis. As the
result of tais l*tt- 3 r meeting, the Museum was asked to prepare
•an axhib.it on the, History of Tuberculosis for the 1954 meeting
of the .^tional Tuberculosis Association.

The Museum slso supplied judges for the annual Junior Scienc-
Fair who assisted in. the selection of prize winning exhibits
on the basis of originality, completeness and accuracy. Ten
of tnese exhibits W ere. later displayed in the Museum.

h. During 1953 tha Museum had- 145,532 Visitors an
increase of .2603 over the 1952 attendance. This inciude.'sSS
scnool groups, totalling 25,664 students, an increase of 195
groups and .6691 students over tho preceding year (See ^HI«IT 31).
Orientation tours- -for medical corps officers and conducted tours'
for lay groups continued to play an important part in Museum
activities. -."■..<

. The featured item of the week, the Sunday motion picture
has-been attended by capacity audiences. It. is unfortunate
that. this particular program has to be discontinued due to
summer heat *t the height of the visitors" season.

VnH J 1 ! C0l . 0n31 GiLT '°re. presented papers on Abraham Lincoln
and Epidemic hemorrhagic Fever before the Royal College of
.Surgeons in London in September. .He, ,lso spent so me tire visit-
ing museums m Paris snd in London.

Dr. Srmrt Carroll Faust had two tours

5. C.iX-J'LTA'T
of dutyin 1,53. Ai-ed by Captain- 0,/or R e Micholson finafp^ns

ZIZ orV h : A r h ^ Sl ; " hibit - ThiVw0S Sh0wn " tL^ual
^ibit on , tu :" ?r3limin ^y pW^re drawn up for an

_-x. 4 ib it on Arthropods as Agents .-.nd Transmitters of Human Disease

this^xnibit. thG AFIP WaS aSSign3d *° *"* with Dr ' * u «* on

>Wc\ '^VO M ' ^

MEDICAL MUSEUM

Hugh R. Gilmore, Jr.", C61'.,.MC-
' Curator

1. AIMS AND FUNCTIONS .

The Medical Museum, a department of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Is
dedicated to the collection, preservation and display of military-medical material for
the education of the members of the Armed Forces and the lay public. With the opening
of the new building, the functions of '.the Museum will be divided. The professional
museum will be located in the new building, where mounted and unmounted pathologic-
gross specimens will be available to doctors for study. The museum laboratory will
also move- to the new building. The public museum will remain in its "present location.

2. STAFF CHANGES .

:Mr, Robert Walker Davis ■, Research Assistant to the Medical Historian and-,
Mr. James B. Smith, Jr., a laboratory aid, were added to the staff during the year.
Lt. Samuel W. Kime , Jr. replaced- Captain Bernard Sills at year's.end, as Chief of the
Laboratory, and Technics Research Branch;

3. ACTIVITIES .

a. Continuous progress has been made In planning and/or revising the Medical
Museum exhibits. An exhibit on the "History of X-ray" was shown at the Science
Museum, Boston; the Cleveland Health Museum, Cleveland; the Museum of Science and
Industry, Chicago and is presently on display in the Lankenau Hospital Museum In
Philadelphia. The "History of Tuberculosis" exhibit was prepared at the request of
the National Tuberculosis Association, .for the annual meeting in Atlantic City; The
"Use of Polyethylene Glycol in Mounting Biologic Specimens" was displayed at the
annual meeting cf the American. Medical Association. Gorgas memorabilia, donated by
Mrs. Wrlghtsor., daughter of General Gorgas, have been placed on display. Plaques of'
"Pioneers in Medicine" contributed to the Medical Museum by Tufts Medical School Alumni,
in memory of their war dead, were formally unveiled on 28 October. "Distinctive Tumors

of the World" prepared for masting of the International Congress of Clinical Pathologists-
was later exhibited' at the University of Pittsburgh Medical School. A new departure for
the Medical Museum vrs exhibiting ai a county fair. A 60 foot hospital tent was procured
from Fort Belvoir and historical and veterinary exhibits were displayed. An estimated
500 to 75b persons visited the tent daily;. Special exhibits were prepared and displayed "'■
in the Museum for the Cured Cancer Club of Washington, The American Legion and .the 4-th ■
World Congress of Cardiologists.

b. Displayed throughout the year were many guest exhibits from various, agencies
such as Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, National Institutes of Health/.
Armed Forces Medical Library, Smithsonian Institute, Veterans Administration, Baylor '
University College of Medicine, American Cancer Society, Washington Heart Association, ■
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and. Pecker X-Ray Corporation. ■ ,

c. Duplicate instruments were donated to the Beaumont. House," Mac kihahc Island,
. Michigan, to be Incorporated in permanent exhibits. Medical Museum items have been

loaned, on a 90-day loan basis, to Dr. Max Thoreic for display in the Hall of Fame,
Chicago.- Mr. Tom Jones, University of Illinois, has long been interested In a mld~
western branch of the Medical Museum. He now feels that the Hall of Fame could serve
this purpose, and he has requested consideration of long-term renewable loans to the
Hail of Fame. Seventy-dne (71)- museum items have also been loaned to Medical • Schools ,■
hospitals, television production companies, pharmaecutlcal houses and other govern-
mental agencies for teaching, study and/or display.

d. The Museum' laboratory made considerable progress In mounting and embedding
specimens- in plastic. An active research program was instituted to determine better .
methods of preserving tissue. Exhibits were prepared and shown at national medical
meetings throughout the. year.

e. A total of ninety-nine (.99) new Items were accessioned. They included
urologicalj surgical and dental instruments, as well as gross tissue and historical items
from the following contributors:

Organization s

Wlnthrop -S teams
Tufts Alumni College '
Tripler Gen. Hospital
Smithsonian Institute
Walter Reed Army Medical

Center
Presbyterian Hospital
American Urologlcal Society

Individuals

H. Burleson
Dr. W. W. Francis
Mr. P . L.- Mlckle
Dr-. H . R . .Ean.ey .
Mrs . . R . C. Elsenbach
Colonel Bltner
Dr . V . C . Lazarus
Mrs . James Phalen
Dr. G. W. H'. Selepers
M/Sgt . A . Cortlzas
Mrs. Edwin B. Behrend

f. The'Museum was fortunate in procuring a trained historian, and philatelist.
as research assistant to the Medical Historian. This has allowed the Medical Historian
more time to devote to the preparation of lectures and historical articles.; Review .
and organization of the old Museum Archives has been started.; - Work on the preparation
of the History of the - Medical Museum is In process. -A bibliography of AFIP scientific

' publications is being assembled, a.id a biographical data file on members of the staff
of trie APIP Is being developed. Lectures have been given at Howard University School
of Medicine, Catholic University and Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Historical
articles have been published on the AFIO, the History of the Stethoscope and William
Crawford Gorgas. Review, classification and cataloguing of the Museum's collections' .
has continued throughout the year.

g. • Early In 195*f a questionnaire was prepared and an answer box. installed to
determine the occupations of Mussum visitors and^^teliL_reacxlor,-to-exls-tl-ng-exhilbl.ts — ^

T;Fourteen-percent-of_the_vlsltcsr.s:_r.espondedT - ~~An analysis of^ the questionnaire has .shown^
Shat-4-2-.9^«wer.e_teachers and studonts and 30. 5£°were doctors ,_d^J;,ls.ts.,^nur:se3;.'.and_other.s;

u-l-th-a-sc-ientlTic-^ackground The-remElrJ .nfe26.6^-'were^^X y diversrfled occupations.

Favorable-commerit's r "on''museum displays were elicited by 88. 3#, 6.3# gave both favorable
comments and constructive criticism, while the remaining 5.^% made insignificant remarks.
A student nurse from Georgetown University Hospital, School of Nursing was the one
millionth recorded visitor to the Medical Museum since Its opening in Chase Hall in
April 1947. The overall number of visitors dropped slightly, but there was a noticeable
increase in the number and size of ths school, groups. -Orientation tour.-/ for Army, Navy
and Air Force medical corps officers continued throughout the year. An average of 3500 •
mimeographed leaflets, prepared by the Museum staff ,■ were -distribute'! to .visitors. In -
addition, pamphlets were received from other governmental agencies for distribution.
Sunday motion pictures have been shown from October through May to capacity audiences.-'

U. CONSULTANTS .

Dr. Ernest Carroll Faust had two tours of duty In 195^. With the assistance
of Dr. Paul K. Hamilton, he planned a 3S» exhibit ory "Arthropods in Disease". This
was shown at the International Congress of Clinical Pathologists in -September.

5. FUTURE PLANS .

Plans are now .Ln prc-.-.er.s for opening up the first -floor- of ';hase Hall for . .
additional display area.. Plans hav? been submitted f^r. the -construction of display •
oases and permanent bases for panel exhibit--. In this way all valuable Medical .Museum-
items can either be- displayed or safely, stored.

' - : - - '■ '-V- v^jl.-. j ■s.asHsaaw

u t l Trr in rrf™** fc ' **^ ' " r ' ' ' ' h " i'~iti**MMi**fit wm

I
I
I
I
I
I

1 Items

latellst
a^torian
.eleu
pffation
:lentific .

Staff
hool

Jilllam
:(M.ons

Called to

fits. .
shovn
■.; and others
ilons.

»rable
remarks.
; one
■ 01 in
•ticeable

JKri Nav 7
;e of 3500

Is-. In
Ion.
ences.

xMe

sHtance
This

TECHNICAL LT ATSON OFFICE
Capt. Ralph 0. Anderson, Jr., MSC

to'The Director, on }0 Jure 1^^
n-t vision. TLO. Branch. ...

of the world. formation

■a During 195^ Haison was "^f ^f^f^L fhav een'glvL^eat ^

-- M.^iS.'iSi^^- —a, throughout the wor,.

■ >: - ,eep pace with the ^^^t^^T S=2=^
entertainment, the TLO has ^creased «■£££' ^ & fQur prQgram serles

network television programs are In the P 1 *^"^^ in the Washington area,
networn. <. STPt enlisted men was well receiver S Deech before

^W™ h«M£. = sssss =.r^Ls »-*...

c . To rvrther rnror. the «» »« ""^ Se^ef /o°"uture P»»"»"°» ln
the AFIF an article was prepared by tnls on ice

t »e *™y In*.r»atlo» Digest. , tllls om « obtained speaks

' ■ . ,. m the' Troop mror-atlon £ "»£~ '£££ '. t»e Coast and oeodetlc Survey .

letters are professional in -najure an
fesslon, both military and civilian.

„ ij«i=«.-=«s .=•" r " •" - " -

«.w aktp or- the. APIP personnel In various
b . One hundred stories appeared on the A? ^ and other press media
newspapers, magazines,' scientific journals, service J

for the year. 1954--

flay
M.useum

IWIISMIipWjlW^^

^iggi&j;^':

i\ I'V^O \

W-^..

-v- / c /

f/<.

;> j

FUNCTIONAL CHART

MEDICAL MUSEUM

uuiinurm tmua

laoords. Mlsa ud • toxica: blium .11
raooraa ud fuss piruui^i to claaslflca-
tloa locatloa, aoaa aa« taMUr of Bassos.
Itass; acosssloas corrast acaalaltloaa of
a»«ssji lt«ai t« earraat lOoaasloaAaa- srstas:
rarlsws aaa classifies - ltaaa.

■alataassos: tracts as* ale
elaass szhlblta, asslblt cas

aatlaa axslblta;
■ aaa alaplay

ioul oiTitioa :

>ata» la«T: Collaeu aaa almuf fraak
Jrsss epaclasaa; ml« cross aatarlal la'
sadlcal asssaa aaa nair in* collsetloss.
aaUeta aatarlal for atadr by .MUc.1
oftlesra aaa olrlliaa Sectors la prsparatlsa
tar sssotsltp kaara axaalaatloa; prapaxaa

J»^f "•»»•}•»» loaa aatsi praparaa aulklts
*«» aatlaasl asstlars.

laatoar-raki | •!•«,, Intna aaa oil
■aalcal asaaas's oollsctlos of
'■•""Ji aalscts aaa prsparss aaatoi

aatarlal far 1U|U, ua laatractloi

lflss
tlvs

laboratory a Tsckalosa lssearca: l__.

*•* aouts all cross patboloclcal aatarlal
raoalraS la Mltil l iam ; coadgeta rasearcb
to Iwm nutlH alUodi; fabrlcatea
plastic bona for epeclasas: praparaa aulklta.

.J blatorlcal artlelaa oa aaateal

' »»= otaar dapartasata of 1T»; collaeta

* ab stracts blstorlcal Cats; aalatataa
ooas arealraa; praparaa kUterlcal ntlblti:
storleal atfrlsor to all alrlaloas of tas

nmciTicB oiTiaioa

lllaatratloa: Praparaa sraslasa, palstlai
""■ acalptara ltaos to aspplassst aasaas
'blta.

Jafsroatloa: Praparaa laforsatloaal laaf.
'«" ■»» Harass actlrltlos aad snlbtts
praparaa lllaatrataS Isetaraa aaa arorlsss
ralsa eervlea for lay croaps; praparaa

collactloaa.

■2

SE5JT<?AWi«y:W'fi;!. ■-••••; ■'■ "■

1
1

', n u CH P. G...MORE-, 'R-. ■., (Ot. r M.C
^. jRATOR

•. Org an i za r . on .

IhF P'oBt'lC* M.'SE uM 1N0 STORAGE ARE. A IS iL OC*riO IN L H AS t'.. rIALL at-9 th
AND • NDE'Pf NCriNCF' AVFN'Jt. S. W . ANT A SHALL pROF ESS : ONA .. . Mi-SEUM IS- IN THE NEW

buildIng at WFAm ' . . ' Also iN r-f nf.« b-..-: :-.d ; ng is rhfMustjM laboratory where; •

GROSS SPECIMENS .ASF. >I0^NTC0 A^C THE STORAGE' ARFA FOR ".CROCK 11 SPECIMENS. . '!hE

historical, d • v ; s ; on s c;v::?i? bf'twee.n the two Bu • ld i ng's.
^ • -.y?!L9* N A 1 ' ■

C'Ol ONEL HUGH Jv. G:L.MORE., ■>... 1'i.RATOR O c THE MtDiCAc MUSEUM. DIVIDES
HIS TIME BfW'EEN THE. PROFESSION', MlS. ; OM AND THE P.BI.IC MUSEUM. HELEN fi .-'
FURTLE, ASS I STANT 10 THE l.^RATOR, IS ASSIGNED f u LL TIME. D-TY IN THE PUBLIC

Museum/ Captain S. W. k;me. ..!r. is'ch;ef or t~e pathologt' branch and in charge
or the Museum laboratory at the ne:w balding. m/Sp. Antonio Cor't i'zas ..was
assigned ro active. Do ' y in '-.c. M^si um in Tebroary. i 955 - m/Sgt Lillian F".
Dav;s re:ported for »cuvi .:>u'y a^' information off ;cer on ?8 Apr i l : 955 •

REPLACINC MRS. M|P|Am KA.St.R — '*•<. A..Ct c '!fD A POSITION AS A ME'DJCAl writer with
THE.'Sha.RPE & DO-ME COM-AN;. . .'. s <= ' A I N .'r-OMAS C. BROOKS, MtOICAL ' l.LUS TRATOR ,
-AS RE1.E4SFC FROM 'Ci.iI C-u'- IN '.,U: . ■ '.' i » i 3 I ON OF Mo'SEUM ACTIVITIES BETWEEN
IhE TWO LOCATIONS PECL- . R>" f> ' >- f. I MPl.OYME N I , IN "MiCl,' O* A C I..E RK •- T YP I D T TOR
THE PUBLIC M.'SE LiM ANO ;N ^OvIMBi'R « NON- COMM , SS • ON t.l> OF •" iCER WAS ASSIGNED TO'
THE PUBL . T M^SE -uM AS A CfN. RSi uTfL.i'.- MAN TO °F.R>ORM SOME OF THE REPAIR
TASKS rORMCHL •' CONl 3* '!<• M'.'OIC'L I.: o5'K» ! ICN..''.LS» ICE . St ; L.L UHG EN TL Y NEEDED
BY tux McSEuM '•;. AN ARrj-.i'io ■?, -..ACF (a-ta;n BROOKS AN" A Ci. C RK'' T YP I S f FOR
IHE.MuSt.u'M I. A80PA r.CF! r .

■ 1 . . Le VE_».qpME N ! s .

a. W.r~ fhi: mov^'of rnr Armed 7orces Institute or Pathology To .its

NEW Bui LDING, ,{ HE- ME C I A ;.'. . MuSE.UM WA s . A SS I GNfC'. A CI. pF'CnASE, HALL-..,. THE ENTIRE
STORAGE AREA, was MOVES TO • -ft REAR O" 7 T~t. BULBING AND THE. FRONT HALF WAS
PRE. FARED. AS AN E»H!B : T -AREA. LIGHT .'.'■ X .?.' > ;?' (UDICI.E.S W'f.RE. CONSTRUCTED
AND 36 .NEW fHHiB'l I C«SES WE RF - PORCH ASED .■ W I r H TH , 3 ADD IT : ONAl. DISPLAY. SPACE
MOST' Or. THE; VA'i.oAB.'.t AND IRRi'.'i.ACE ABl t" (r£.MS THAT HAVE BEEN IN FOOTLOCKER
■STORAGE TOR 'HE. '" a r, T 8 ■* I. A R3 . I ,.',.. PE ON • _: i Sri.. A , OR MORE CONVENIENTLY STORED
IN D! SF...A. r-CASE I3ASCS. Hf r.f! ■ MoSluM D^'j'lM 'AREA WAS PAINTED DoR I NG THE

YEAR, . r >:C.-F iPST !!MS S'NC ' - f It ;X . NC WAS OCCOP.t'D IN ', <)k '( .

0. A-.LA^ C . ;') T.H _( F k liRV .. Dl N-l a|. .Of F-lCl' r>AS 111. L N SI T UP I N ONE OF THE
f -""IHIT ROOMS, .«NO , ' t l."h5 M(|, ..,•^••1* WA- I OR AN ftf-J I lAl.M ; C ROOM, WHICH WILL

r EAiuRi -.if con 1 i< ; iii) 1 ; on:. w..;c- -Jii. .'ames moore 'j Ball madc to the Museum in

')<?<>. . An E.X'HIB! '■ ON PR 1 M I I I VE. WARFARE -AS SUE 1 Aid O FOR THE FIRST FLOOR FOYER,

f'OR

THIS E/«;n-T. ADD : F ■ ON'A L MATERIAL WAS OEM A, NIC 'ROM T«E, BUREAU OF INDIAN

AfFAiRs, the N*i iona,,.Oeogh«»hiC Sof;E!y and ■ 1 i-t" 5m ! thson 1 an Institution.

ICht HACKGROLi'ND i .'.L X- TRA I F.TJ ' ■'■ a NF. l S WERE PREPARED llr 1 'HE MUSEUM'S HEDICAl
PTIst, 1 OR AN LX^IBI I ON ",':oMAN Rl.fRODuC T I ON, " AND ONE !.AC« ON "CnDOCRINL

•10

Gl»N|,.~ " II

oURt; 1 cai

)[LlVE MY

»ND "vACl'IM f

f TRAC TOR''

• I STOP I TAI FX1IRI

~ ."' "^^ftH^^^fffj ffi^ffi J

;-,, s ;;^S;;ayii3KlgM

— PR£;PARC;D AN ° "'' ^' N AN f ., H1 ' B1T ,'-D f ,;.LO-M l Nr or foments

POR ,TS DEDICATION ,H M»r - -3 . r ^ ^^ ^^

TRANSURETHRAL OPERATIONS OF THE ROS T A -A.

of the American uro;..og i cal. Society.

c Seventh-five exhibits have^been ^e.lo,ed. reused or relocated

■-■"."- . r „ D ■ ' A o,v I I'W WAS MADE OF PATHOLOC : C SPE C I •

OF TITLES FOR CASE EXHIBITS HAS BE E.N SlARIfC.

/-. THE 9* NE. ACCESSIONS AT THE PUBLIC MuSCLM INCIODE AN

^ctronWroscc^whYch was purchased by AD — -^ R ; f °V;: c :irC0RPS

PHYSICIAN. THEODORE. MORRFLL, AN, DONATED TO -T HE MUSEUM BY T HE S.GNAL CORPS
^CONFISCATED IT-N -MANY „« ,- WOR , WAR . , , , N ,AR T , F ,, I AL, L EC .DE ■

B , P fc- Joseph ^CHa,:U-~ ;:; - f; ■ ^, . -^ ^ s .

PRESENTED TO THE MUSEUM BY MR. • lOSE PH AOt.SK I , A ->t u
■ V HAD BEEN TH,,ERSONA L PROPERTY. OF , D R, CORN I L , /WMO MAD f ,T H E H I S FOLOC I C

3TUD.ES OF .:OHH PAUL--.JOM£i;-;PR E S,:HTt.O-rO *»C M.SEUM BY HISCRANDSON. DR

Robert Messimv, ^.3,...^^^,. 35 set. of models and charts.

DONATED BY THE. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

D -.WNTY-TMREE GUEST E.^IBI'S H»vE BEEN DISMAYED IN THE

THROUGHOUT \,C YEA R . XE S E WERE ON E.OAN FROM-THE ARMY, NAVY. NA,ION* L
{NST.TUTES OF H t ..TH. SH.iTHSONIAN iNSTMuriON AND THE Am,RICN MEDIC.,
ASSOC, ATION. SEVERAL Or THE EXHIB.TS OF THE MONTH CEVELO.ED BY IHE ..HMID
(ORCES MEDICAL i.lBRARY HAVE ALSO BEEN SHOWN IN THE MuSEUM. .EN E.H.O.T.

' c., CK . rt r. r ,r R . n S .- L .»(J ^i.R(. DURING r-f MON1H

-SELECTED FROM THE ,'uN:OR SCIENCE. r A.R »CR- ...5
MAY. A HOPI-.L O. -E SUBMARINF-N-^U.US'-'HAD.ITS <<W ShO-iNG ,N -HE

Museum in September.

E ORIENTATION TOURS WERE GIVEN , O MED , C AL PF F- , CERS : MEDICAL \

TECHN.C.ANS and nurses from the arm-, NaV, and Air m>rcf, ,-- medical
Yechnoloci4ts of Wa S h !N gto N and the. . U re:d Cance. • _b each held one of thei.r
RE gula R monthly nra^as at the M.seum, following which th,y were cyn, ■

TOURS THE MOTION PICTURE ° R OGRAM FOR ThE !955~56 SEASON .AS A SERIES OF
F.LMs" BORROWED FROM THE ATOMIC E N,RGY ,OMM , SS, ON , ON r-T AP^CAT.ON OF
ATOMIC ENERCY IN THE FIELD OF SCONCE.

. ••;, Because of r-E constant reques.* ?or ■< asc i cles. perm.:,-

S ,ON WAS RECEIVED FROM THE AMERICAN KEGISr,Y OF " A , HOLOG , TO H,„: n„,E
AVAILABLE AT THE. FORMATION DlSK. A, - »E P.E3L.C MUS.UM DOWN I O-N . A , ■ v E A R >.
END, I9>4 FASCICLES HAD BEEN SOLD.

r During 1955 the public ",seum , »* , ! '7 7 , OO-j -.y . s i toro:.. "■>- '■ . '

LARGEST YEARLY FIGURE ON RECORD. V, ■. S. INCLUDES 80 7 SCHOOL GRO^S FROM 3j
STATES TOTALING 27-892. CONDUC TED TOURS OR ASS , ST ANCE .ERE C. I VEN , O T HE
MAJORITY OF THESE. GROUPS. OVER ?.00.000 LLFLtTS DESCRYING Mu3E„M E,H,B,T>

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37 •

g. ' The: small. PRortss p onal Cornell Museum in the new building comprises
over **00 specimens, all mounte.d in plastic. the museum laboratory has devised a
method of displaying color transparencies, utilizing a mirror in a small view box.
This permits showing a photomicrograph alongside a gross specimen.

• h. Marion Wilcox and Pfc. Normandin of the laboratory staff have devel-
oped a method of embedding brain sections which preserves the contrast between
the gray and white matter much better than previous technics.

i. a total of 5l6 specimens were mounted in ! 955 » as compared to 333
in 195^- : j se 0f crock specimens has increased due to the location at walter reed
Army Medical Center. Almost 500 OF these specimens were made available to vis-
iting DOCTORS SINCE THE MOVE. VISITORS TO THE LABORATORY TOTALED 93^ FROM JUNE

through December 1 955 -

k . Intra and Interservice Cooperation .

a. The Medical Museum loaned items to various Armed Forces agencies and
individuals for exhibit and study purposes. loans were also made to various
civilian agencies including the hall of fame of the international college of;
Surgeons, the University of Illinois Medical School, Arlington County schools and
to other schools and hospitals. exhibits were shown at both the montgomery and
Fairfax County Fairs. Assistance was given to representatives of the Parke

Davis Company, Sharpe and Dohme:, Abbott Laboratories and Pfizer Laboratpries in
the preparation of articles related to the history of medicine. loans to these
various agencies and individuals totaled ^6 .

b. Seventy-five visitors from 31 countries sicned'the guest book at
the Publ 1 c .Museum, most o" - these foreign visitors were physicians.

5. Professional Meetings . ,

a. The: Curator gave a brief talk at the dedi cat i on of the Hall of Fame
in Chicago and presented exhibits at the Meetings of the International Associa-
tion of Medical Museum and the Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists in
Houston,' Texas and at the American Medical Association in Atlantic City. He also
served. on the Exhibit Committee of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists
at their meeting in chicago.

b. capta in klme , in charge of the museum laboratory, gave a talk to
the Washington Chapter of the American Society of Medical Technologists on
Museum technics.

c. Mr.. Leikind, Historian, cave a course or 8 lectures on medical
11 is tor y to the staff of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and hade the
eollowing presentations:

(1) "The Contributions of the Microscope to Biology and Medicine."

Washington Branch, Society of American Bacteriologists.

(2) "Early Work in Bacteriology at the Army Medical Museum."

Washington Branch, Society or American Bacteriologists.

1 y.

-:-:;v^ ^..-,i^S*r*:>W»MT»fiWIBM»aB3»

■mmh

^ °^< i J . ' . V ■ i ai. L ii'p- i^.^. ' j >>. g . 4 ■ si « gj * i«>.t r iji){Aw a M

.•;!«* >syei*&;si^i$*!!

3 8

(3) "Bacteriological Work of John Tyndall."

Institute or Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Bruns-
wick . Nr.w Jersey.

(H) "The Scientist Takes a Chance - The Role or Chance in
Scientific Discovery."
Chemical Society of Trinity College, Washington, D.C.

(5^ He also participated in the conference on the history of

ANTIBIOTICS AT. THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MED.CINE AND ATTENDED THE MEETINGS OF

the History of Science Society in Washington, O.C.

6. Tra INING ■

The Museum laboratory held monthly technical conferences for training
of laboratory personnel. Teach. ng material was loaned to Walter Reed Army
Hospital for train, ng of residents. Gross specimens were also made AVAILABLE

TO VISITING DOCTORS UPON REQUEST. A TOTAL OF 4 5 7 SPECIMENS WERE SO SUPPLIED.

Eight ind.v.duals from other institutions visited the Museum laboratory for
one or more days to learn museum technics.

-t. Supplies and Equipmen t.

Work in the Museum. laboratory has been fac i l i tated by the acquisition

OFA STR.P HEATER AND A SHAPER. NEW USES HAVE BEEN FOUND FOR THE PANTOGRAPH
WHICH RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT SAVING OF TIME.
BY THE PURCHASE OF kO NEW EXHIBIT CASES.

The Public Museum has been improved

8- Unusual Probl ems.

a. The'chief problem fac.ing. the Medical Museum is permanent quarters
for the Public Museum. The building now occupied is a temporary structure and
in the path of redevelopment of south west Washington. !t has been our hope-
that the Museum might reoccupy the old red brick building at 7th and Independence
Avenue, S. W. when the Armed Forces Medical Library is given. a new building. . .
There is no assurance that this building will be available and if it is made
available, that it will be vacated before dismantling of the temporary building..

b. Many museum projects, rema i n uncompleted due to lack of adequate
personnel as for example: inventory of museum items, access i on. no of about

5,000 ITEMS, PREPARATION OF MUSEUM CATALOGUES, REPLACEMENT OF SOILED MUSEUM

LABELS, REMOUNTING OF CLASS JAR SPECIMENS IN PLASTIC, PREPARATION OF EXHIBITS

WHICH ARE MORE INTELLIGIBLE TO . THE PUBL. I C , PREPARATION ^ GROSS PATHOLOGY LOAN
SETS, ETC.

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»»5

MEDICAL MUSEUM

Acting Curator
Alfred Plaut. H.D.j

Assistant Curator
H.,W. Coooincton, Lt Col. MSC,. USA^

I. Organization

THE MED.CAL MUSEUM" OF THE ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY CON-
TINUES ITS MISSION OF MAINTAINING TWO MED ICAL -MUSEUMS - BOTH OED , CATED TO
THE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION. AND DISPLAY Or SELECTED MEDICAL MATERIAL or

1"^""^ F s o !ENT,r,c vALuE ' and further - t ° prov,de — -

ING FACL, TIES FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND INFORMATION FOR ALL T H . S , s
^ACCOMPLISHED I N TWO LOCATIONS; THE DOWNTOWN MEDICAL MUSEUM FOR P 0BL ^
DISPLAY ,S PRESENTLY LOCATED IN A TEMPORARY BU.LDiNO ON 9 TH STREET AND ,N-

r T HET; P A r uE ' soothwe3t; the ° ther ' ™ e >*°^*^^^.s

THE C*Z M ^ WRAMC. T H E MEDICAL MUSEUM LABORATORY AND OFF.CE OF

.,THE CH.EF. H.STORICAL RESEARCH DIVISION. ARE ALSO LOCATED ,N THE AF.P BU.LD-

;:►-, 2- Personnel
Mu^r.. *" t ° UO * 4EiHuGM R - G "- M °". Jr. MC. USA. Curator of the Med, cal

MUSEUM SINCE .JANUARY ,053. RET.RED ON 3 JUNE FROM ACTIVE DUTY , „ T „

c"I; r ,' A r* * ' SAMUEL w - k,me - mc - ^A. « AS APP01NTE0 ACTING

CURATOR. ,,N ADDITION TO HIS- PRIMARY DUTY AS CHIEF OF THE MUSEUM LABORATORY

: 79- a ;:::", °: october ano dr - a — p — ->~,,™ ac T ; nc t s_

Jhe'aPP^ POSITION OF ASSISTANT CURATOR WAS ESTABLISHED W , TH

1^ A^kTuSaT ^°^^" «• C ". .-*. USA. H AJ0 R Joseph

^^o^^^~- outy ano - — - - —

TMlLlfA-v °\ P " S0HNEL SIGNED TO THE MED I CAL MUSEUM AS OF 3 | DECEMBER-
__ i J £vI A r " kt —" -V.LIANS - 8; UNGRADED C , V I L I ANS - 3 ; TOTAL - 5

iS£ A IVJZT' 2 M ' L,TARY - "— "— LIANS. AND ^UNGRADED C VIL L
^;^:!rf- A3 ^^eo TO THE DOWNTOWN MEDICAL MUSEUM.

3- Administrative Pi

v I 3 i on

161*

— — -D.V.OUALS ^o/ llru L0ANS WERE MAOE ' C0NS « ST — O- IM ITEMS. TO IN-

«;-f :COANS TO P Z 0N l OF r' F0R EXH,6,T AN ° STUDY """""»■■ • TH.3 '.NCLUPEO

^S^^.; T « "hst tute p J0HNS H0PK,NS MCD '- L School; Un.vcrs.ty of Ma „y LAN o :
™^HL, T A «oc I"o'. "' LADELPH,A: H — Un.vers.ty; Pr.nc.Georces County-

*ggs**>*» « " r^ T ,3o red cross: gathou,c u —- ^ <*»« w AS „, NC .

*m^mr°* > Program WR^.' "' " ,ONARV i Co '-'- e ". Takoma Park; Dr. PaUl 3chafer

|l|l^r C." OOH.N.C'S SCHOOL., A ND THE CAP.TOL PAGE SCHOOL.

B^SJ*^... , . B . NEW ACCE33|ON3 tqtaleo 96 _ TMr L 1NC0LN MUSEUM C0NTRIBUTE0 . THE ,

i I

! !

!•,..' I

BULLET THAT KILLED ABRAHAM LINCOLN ; THE NEALTON PROBE USED TO REMOVE THE
BULLET, AND A BOX CONTAINING SEVERAL SMALL BONE FRAGMENTS OF LINCOLN 'S SKULL ;

Also accessioneo was a body armor vest worn in combat by a Marine whose lite

WAS SAVED BY THE VEST; THIS WAS CONTRIBUTED BY THE DIRECTOR, CAPTAIN W. M.

Silliphant, MC, USN, who obtained the vest in Korea.

c. Fifteen guest exhibits were oi splayed in the Museum throughout

THE YEAR. FORTY-TVO EXHIBITS FROM THE JUNIOR SCIENCE FAIRS OF WASHINGTON,

nearby Maryland and Virginia, were displayed during the month of June. Five

OF THESE PRIZE-WINNING EXHIBITS WERE SELECTED FOR PERMANENT DISPLAY. MANY
NEW EXHIBITS WERE DEVISED, DOCUMENTED, AND SET UP BY THE MUSEUM STAFF, IN-
CLUDING A PERIOD X-RAY ROOM AND A COLLECTION OF STAMPS. A PROGRAM WAS INSTI-
TUTED FOR A MORE LOGICAL PLACEMENT OF EXHIBITS AND FOR RELABELLING MUSEUM
ITEMS WITH MORE DESCRIPTIVE AND INTELLIGIBLE INFORMATION.

**• Professional Division (Laboratory )
a. Pathology

(1) Using the folio technique whereby multiple specimens of a
single gross lesion can be mounted has lead to the development of a new

TEACHING MEDIUM - THE GROSS PATHOLOGY LOAN COLLECTION. A PILOT SET OF SEL-
ECTED LESIONS HAS BEEN PREPARED IN THIS FASHION, AND WILL BE SENT OUT TO
SEVERAL TEACHING PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENTS FOR EVALUATION. SUBSEQUENTLY, IT
WILL BE EXPANDED AND MAOE AVAILABLE FOR LOAN ON THE SAME BA3 j S A3 THE LOAN
STUDY SETS OF HISTOPATHOLOGY SLIDES FROM THE AMERICAN REGISTRY OF PATHOLOGY.

(2) The crock specimen collection was enlarged and is being

IMPROVED BY ATTACHING CONCISE PLASTIC LAMINATED CASE HISTORIES TO EACH

specimen.

(3) During the year there has been considerable improvement

IN THE QUALITY OF COLOR RETENTION OF GROS3 MOUNTED SPECIMENS. Th I S CAN BE
ATTRIBUTED, BOTH TO IMPROVED METHODS IN THE LABORATORY, AND INCREASED USE
OF SCHEIN'3 SOLUTION BY CONTR I BUT0R3 OF SPECIMENS.

(M A TOTAL OF 537 SPECIMENS WERE MOUNTED IN I956. A3 COM-
PARED WITH 5l6 IN 1955. A TOTAL OF 8C4 CROCK SPECIMENS WERE MADE AVA I LABLE
TO VISITING PHYSICIANS, MOST OF WHOM WERE PREPARING FOR SPEC I ALTY BOARD
EXAMINATIONS. THE LABORATORY ALSO PREPARED SPEC I AL I ZEO MOUNTED SPECIMEN
COLLECTIONS USED DURING THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGY AND VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
COURSES AT AFIP

B. TECHNIQUE RESEARCH

(I) Preparation of a laboratory .manual describing techniques

USED IN THE MODERN MOUNTING AND DISPLAY OF GROSS PATHOLOG I CAL SPEC I HENS HAS "
BEEN IN PREPARATION SINCE JULY. THE MANUAL ALSO DISCUSSES IN DETAIL THE
METHODS OF EMBEDDING AND WORKING WITH PLASTICS, COLOR RETENTION AND RESTORA-
TION OF SPECIMENS, AND INCLUDES A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN
THIS FIELD. THE MANUAL WILL BE PUBL I SHED- EARLY | N I957-."-

1T0 REMOVE THE
or Lincoln's skull.
v a Marine whose lite
c«r, Captain W. M.

,H^M
I. MOM

NEN1

.Museum throughout
is of Washington,
i. tTOnth of June. Five

f.NENT DISPLAY. MANY
rt^USEUM STAFF, IN-

PROGRAM WAS INST I-
RELABELLING MUSEUM

ILTIPLE SPECIMENS OF A

«PMENT OF A NEW
PILOT SET OF 3EL-
v.'ILL BE SENT OUT TO

Subsequently, it

WM BASIS AS THE LOAN

Registry of Pathology.

e
Reg

nffrc

>|r«

iCIM

HINGED ANO IS BEING
HffrORIES TO EACH

ISBRABLE IMPROVEMENT

•EciMENS. This can be
YMAND INCREASED use

ED-IN 1956. A3 COM-

. nIwere maoe available

fH SPECIALTY BOARD
•/■CO MOUNTED SPECIMEN

1 -A 1 nary Pathology

OES

10^0

I s

DESCRIBING TECHNIQUES

MOXOGICAL SPECIMENS HAS

IsES IN OETAIL THE

.1 Detention and restora-
ewof literature in

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I

(2) Mr. Marion A. Wilcox received a monetary award and Army
Suggestion Awaro certificate for the development and fabrication of an im-
proved crock specimen transport tray.

(3) A MULTIPLE STRIP, VARIABLE POSITION STRIP HEATER 0ESIGNED

by MR. James 8. Smith, Jr. has been placed in operation. Its use has great-
ly FACILITATED ANO INCREASED PROOUCTION OF MOUNTED SPECIMENS. MR. SMITH
ALSO DEVELOPED A TALLOW-BASE BUFFING COMPOUND WHICH GREATLY SIMPLIFIED AND
IMPROVES THE BUFFING OF FINISHEO PLASTIC CASES.

[k) Numerous requests for information on embedding in plastic,

WET ANO ORY MOUNTING, A COLOR PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF SPECIMENS HAVE
BEEN RECEIVED. To MEET THIS DEMAND TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS HAVE BEEN COM-
PILED AND MIMEOGRAPHED AND FORWARDED TO THE REQUESTING INDIVIDUALS ANO
AGENCIES.

C. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

(1) Major J. V. Michalski was appointed and served as Special

LECTURER IN ANATOMY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.

(2) Continued effort has been exerted to acquaint other
agencies with the value of the modern mounted gross specimens as aids at.

VARIOUS LEVELS IN MEDICAL INSTRUCTION. THERE HAS BEEN, ANO WILL CONTINUE
TO BE, THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GREATLY INCREASED APPRECIATION OF THIS TOOL,
.,-,.WITH RESULTING EXPANSION OF THE MISSION OF THE LABORATORY ANO ITS PROOUC-

. tive effort.

d. Professional Meetings

... (I) Mr. James B. Smith Jr, exhibited and spoke concerning

PLA3TIC CASE MOUNTING OF GROSS SPECIMENS BEFORE THE ANNUAL SEMINAR OF THE

0. C. Chapter, Society of Medical Technologists on 5 May.

_,,,> . s (2) Major J. V. Michalski presented a lecture on "Anatomy
• and Traumatic Injury of the Facial Nerve" at George Washington University
Mebical School on 19 December.

e . Tra i m i ng

A total of 19 persons received detailed orientation and vary-
ing ourat ions of training in museum laboratory techniques. Length of

MCTRAINING RANGED FROM 3 0AY3 TO 3 MONTHS. IT IS ANTICIPATED, FROM INQUIRIES
LI. ...HeCElVED.-THAT IN 1957- THERE WILL BE SEVERAL PRESENTATIONS TO SMALL GROUPS
4 Or. A FORMALIZED CURRICULUM OF THREE MONTHS DURATION.'

' *•' "' '

f. Miscellaneous

The principal problem of the laboratory is a self- imposed one.
• /..NAMELY, the educational task of familiarizing a larger sphere of SERVICE

medical activity with the usefulness of the gross mounted specimen as a .
teaching aid at various levels of instruction, ranging from advanced profes

mm -v.

\i\

U:.

! I

1*8

utnic . L coRPSMCN AND TECHNICIANS. TO THIS END THERE HAS
3|0NAL TO B-.HN- -O CAL CO- P.H N ^^ ^^ ^^ A0M|N|STRA _

:::; ™ r««::v-« «..«.« - t HE -«-«..«" MANIFES-
TATIONS or DISEASE A3 SEEN ,N THE MODERN GROSS SPECIMEN.

5. HISTORICAL RESEARCH

A WORK WAS CONTINUED ON THE MUSEUM ARCH , VES . MR . ROBERT WALTER

THE MCD.CAL MUSEUM. AND IS NOW DOING ■«»""" "" M ™ Qf pLAST , c SuRaERY »
AL3 WROTE MONOGRAPHS ON » .ND, AN MED, C INE AH > ™ J™ REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
A ND COMPETED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE SURGERY or ^^ ^^ST, LL 1M P„0-
THE LONG TERM PROJECT. A B.BL.OGRAPHY OF MILITARY MEDICINE.

GRES3.

B. LECTURES AND MEETINGS

(!) MR. MORRIS C. LE.K.ND. HISTORIAN. GAVE. TOR THE FIRST

. -t.«r "UiQTODV OF Pathouogy and tx-

FORENSIC PATHOLOGY AND THE SEM.NAR ON DISEASES or THE HEART.

(21 IN APRIL MR. LEI KIND ATTENDED THE ANNUAL MEET.NG OF THE

Hill, on "The History of the Microscope.

Medicine."

c. Education Oi vis ion

(I) Education and Information

(a) The mot. on picture program for the 1955 -. 56 season
r„^ TUf Atomic Energy Commission illustrating the
was a series or ;^» ™ «m t Atom <= * ^ ^ ^ _ ^ _„ _ A

USE of ATOM,C o /;" C ;;^ F March of Me0 ,c,ne kinescopes from the Smith,
combination of AEC films and Ma ^ |ce qn Ay

Kline and French laboratories. These moves a
afternoons and are well attended.

s |N0 THERE HAS

ugHadministra-
ogTCal MANIFES-

:rt Walker

5TORY OF

-hapter. he
Plastic Surgery"
<ohtionary war.

iS^TILL IN PRO-

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:hap
Plas

FOR

ewae

ITE>

)ORF

oWsi

SEO

•I:
I

E FIRST
AND EX-

for staff mem-
ehaer of the
>nBistochemistry,

TING OF THE

where he read
/hiteheao Student

»ool at Chapel
. |Hkino. repre-

oorf -Astoria

Hit Dyes - Their
■j H October be-

oWsists at a
sseo the Second
\r«Medical Asso-

ERINARY

|K . 56 SEASON

lustrating the

ISERIES WAS A
m the Smith,
■: on sunoay

1.9

This included 1,069 school groups, totalling 4|,504.

(c) Distribution of approximately 300,000 leaflets was an
important phase in the education work. Stuoents appreciate the leaflets
very much since teachers give them creoit for having the leaflets in school
notebooks. Many requests are received by mail from students who have seen

OR HEARD ABOUT THE LEAFLET3. SEVEN NEW LEAFLETS WERE PREPAREO IN 1956.

(o) Conducted orientation tours were given to medical

SERVICE PERSONNEL FROM THE ARMY, NAVY AND AlR FORCE; TO MEDICALLY MINDED

civic groups; to school groups and science clubs.

(e) Assistance was given to writers and historians in
their search for medico-historical information. Mrs. Dorothea Jones, author
or "Washington is Wonoerful" spent several hours in the Museum obtaining in-
formation which she used in the book.

6. General Activities

a. An Ad Hoc Committee was appointed for the purpose of ; study -

i no and making recommendations as to procedures for the accessioning of Med i -
cal Museum items.? Findings or the committee have been submitted.

b. A workshop was set up in the public museum to give active
guidance to various exhibitors or the National Library of Meoicine in the
preparation, development and presentation of their bi-monthly exhibits.

A joint Library -Museum exhibit onthe Sigmund Freud Centenary was receiv-
ed with acclaim. This exhibit was loaned to the University of Michigan for
a limited time.

c. With the cooperation of Dr. Lent C> Johnson, all orthopedic
material in the downtown museum is being reviewed, photographed. X-rayed
Aho remounted in plastic. It is hoped that this type of program will be
extended to cover other spec falty groups^

7* Unusual Problems

The chief and most imminent problem of the Medical Museum will be
that or obtaining adequate and permanent accomodations for the downtown
public Museum. It is presently located in a temporary building that is
scheduled to be vacated and demolished as authorized by the Southwest Wash-
ington Redevelopment program in early I958. Pending permanent quarters, it
is imperative that suitable temporary facilities be made available so that
Museum and services offered by the public Museum will be continued without
interruption.

JM WAS SIGNED BY

^^^&9^^W^''^^^fi?- i -^''i r -

,.\i ^v.<

■A v-^x-.A iH^y

1*9

MEDICAL MUSFIM

Curator'
•H. W. Coddington, Colonel, MSC, USA

I ■ Personnel ,

CO..TO. •„„ la ^^ « 5 l. L °" L ="»"«"»" »" «'">!»T = . ACT.*,

- — ..s, M „icifL::,:rc::::^::ir; i::„;r,:;;~
*~. ^r?«" ." r l957 *■" w " s """"° ay •*"- j °«'" »•

... THE.™ „„„ r ""„r """ IT '"'""•" '"" ™" »".c,„cr « ,„„,„
2. Developments

a. The Board or Governors in regular meetings im iq^t ct

b. the. Med. cal Museum of the Armed Forces Inst, mrr « d

CONTINUED ITS MlS-s.nw n r n. , " INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY

« T h E . ACC es 3 ,::;::: n p :; s ::z:;:- ™, ::;— —ir; „r °~
i h :ii;:;:;es a ;:r 3c,ent,f,c — ~ .r^™„^; :;:";;:„_

-R A e T NS?VE F^r:^ PROFESS '° N "<° — —CES AND I NFORMAT N

. o, . rev,t"; e ::; Y ^r^rpT —— -— n

MILITARY MEDICINE HAS MADE ^ ™ ' ' " ' ""^ 0F ™ E " STR < ° ES ™AT ■

■*■ "SPACE B, OL « »", R ""I " ESE>RCH "° -VELOPMENT. E XH, B ,TS SUCH

0^ A.RCRAFT ACCIDENT ^S ^ , ON^ ' ^ ^"^^

CTIHO EXHIBITS • ■ ,NVEST '^'0- - FORMED THE VANGUARD OF MANV NEW AND EX-

Vhecoll E c;,on of ^700 R,CAL """" ° F ^'^ "»"=«« were NOT NEGLECTED

P ^TE COL.C O 9 C WERE X " RAYED AN ° P - T ^-HED. THE HOOT COM-

*" - BE NG x H ,B TE T 0PES ^ "=„ ^ L ° "-«^ "^TOR ,•„-,

"LETED THE M^'n THE '" H,B ^. "SOLUTION OF THE MICROSCOPE". WAS COM-

ED - The microscope collection catalogue was indexfh r U r

0F MANY FAMOUS WOMEN PHY^iru. INDEXED. THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS

C '^«. THE MUSEUM ALSO CO >°"™"» « THEEXH.B.T "WOMEN IN MCO,

«»■ ,N wash,::: r::;™ :t r,cau research ,nt °

ON DUR.NG THE CIVIL WAR, AND HEAD WOUNDS OF FAMOUS MEN .

-!>♦*- ***:■"■*—

D. A TOTAL OF FIFTEEN GUEST EXHIBITS WERE TEMPORARILY DISPLAYED IN

the Museum; five permanent exhibits were shown at national and local meetings.
e. Visitors to the Medical Museum for ^ [ 957 numbered 22 I ,1*30, an i n-

CREASE OF 3'l-,704 OVER 1 95^ AT LEAST k*) FOREIGN COUNTR I ES WERE REPRESENTED BY~ '
VISITORS' IN 1957.

f. The Cornell Professional Museum, and Sloane Museum Laboratory. '.
located in the armed forces i nst i tute. of, pathology building i s the d i splay -

CTNTER FOR PROFESSIONAL -EXHIB I TS . THE SCOPE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE LABORATORY.
WERE EXPANDED TO EXPLOIT FURTHER THE INTRINSIC VALUE OF GROSS SPECIMENS FOR
TEACHING PURPOSES. SETS OF SELECTED GROSS LESIONS MOUNTED IN LIGHTWEIGHT PLAS-
TIC "FOLIO" FORM, AND A SET OF PLASTIC EMBEDDED NORMAL BRAIN SLICES ARE AVAIL-
ABLE for loan. Evaluation progressed in another unique device, the Histopathol-
ogy Tissue Comparator, for use in familiarizing tissue technician trainees with
the gross charactertistics of their working materials.

g. The development and application of several new techniques re-
sulted IN THE PRODUCTION OF k8k GROSS MOUNTED SPECIMENS DURING THE YEAR. A
MONETARY AWARD AND AN ARMY SUGGESTION AWARO CERTIFICATE WERE RECEIVED FOR
DEVELOPING A GELANT I N I Z I NG PROCESS THAT ENHANCES THE REALISM AND INCREASES THE

durability of gross spec i mens . similar recognition was given for designing and
producing a Multiple strip variable position heater which puts the production
of plastic specimen cases on a mass production basis.

h. Continued research on the problem of tissue preservation resulted
in the use of solutions producing remarkably good color preservation. The
Manual of Macropathological" Techniques, which gives a complete resume of gross
tissue preservation, color retention, restoration, plastic embedment, wet and
dry mounting, was completed. .Requests for almost 1 50 of these manuals were re-
ceived and filled.

1. The. wet specimen crock, collection was enlarged, reviewed, and
completely catalogued. The use of specimens ar. physicians preparing for special-
ty BOARDS WAS TRIPLED OVER THE PREVIOUS YEAR; 2564 SPEC I MENS WERE WITHDRAWN IN
1957 AS COMPARED WITH 8o4 IN ■ 1956. ' THE LABORATORY PROVIDED THE BULK OF THE SPEC I -
MENS USED IN THE ANNUAL GROSS PATHOLOGY EXAMINATION OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF

Pathology in April 1957-

J. The" laboratory continued work on the preparati on. of a collection
of anatomical specimens mounted in plastic for instructional use.

3 • tra i n i ng .

An informal course of -on-the-job .trai ni nc in museum techniques, which ■;
had been given for several years, was formalized during 1957. Th.3 PROGRAM WAS
announced by the' College of American Pathology as' a part of a combined course

FOR MORGUE AND MUSEUM ATTENDANTS AND DEVELOPED AS' A RECOGNITION OF THE NEED FOR
MORE AND BETTER TRAINED TECHNICIANS OF THIS TYPE.

ffjt

FUNCTIONAL CHART
ADMINISTRATION

BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT OFRCE

PERSONNEL OFFICE

;Wi*.,t ^e :^ lC < y ?

MEDICAL MUSEUM

Curator

A. E. Minns, Jr., Colonel, MSC, USA

I . Organization .

a. The Medical Museum or the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
continued to maintain two medical museums, a Professional (Cornell) Museum in
the afip building, and a publ i c museum in chase hall on independence avenue at
9th Street, Southwest, in the downtown area.

b. to make available much needed room for the professional ac-
tivities of the institute, in july and august the museum laboratory was moved
from the main building of the institute and relocated in chase- hall.

2. personnel .

a. • The Medical Museum began the year I95& under the direction of
Colonel Harvey W. Coddington, MSC. Having been transferred on 3 February 1958
to the Office of The Surgeon General, he was replaced as Curator by Colonel
Albert E. Minns, Jr., also of the Medical Service Corps.

b. Major Joseph V. Michalski, USAF (MSC), continued as. Chief or
the Professional Oivision until 17 August 1958. when at his own request he
was released from active duty. This position remained vacant throughout the
balance of the year,

c. Quantitative requirements for personnel, inadequate at best,

WERE FURTHER REDUCED BY THE LOSS OF ONE ENLISTED MAN. THE ENLISTED MAN, A
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN, HAD 8EEN SERVING I N AN AREA WHERE THE SHORTAGE WAS FELT
MOST SEVERELY, THE ' I N VENTORY I NG AND ACCESSIONING OF THE GREAT NUMBER OF MUSEUM
ITEMS ON HAND.

3- Developments .

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a. Relocation of the Public Museum from its present location in
a temporary building must be considered in all activities of the museum. the
Museum is operating with confidence in the position taken by the Board of
Governors that the Museum will always be located in the downtown area of
Washington and readily accessible to the visitor.

b.' The Cornell Professional Museum continues to emphasise a dis-
play of mounted gross pathological material of particular interest to'patholo-
gists ano surgeons, as well as to clinicians ano researchcrs. Several variations
of each type lesion are shown in specimens preserved to retain the true color
seen in surgery or at autopsy.

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c. The dynamic approach in the presentation of modern medical research
and development advances in the armed services begun last year has seen continued
and expanded. continuing rotation and change of exhibits have given the public
Museum a "living atmosphere" which has brought many visitors back the second and
third time. of- -the 37-0 exhibits presented visitors to the professional and public
Museums during the year, 1.12 represented new or refurbished displays:

d. Models of research equipment and exhibits pertaining to Aero
Medical Research, Aviation Pathology, and Space Medicine have been maintained in

a current status in the public display area or the Museum. In addition, an exhibit

DESCRIBING THE SPECIALIZED PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES OF THE NAVY IN ARCTIC OPERATIONS
HAS BEEN MAINTAINED ON DISPLAY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

e. Included in donations, to the Museum was a. kit. of surgical instru-
ments RECEIVED FROM MISS MILDRED ELOISE SMITH OF CHICAGO. THESE INSTRUMENTS HAD •
BEEN USED BY*HER GREAT GRANDFATHER, .OR . . ARCH I M I DES ' SM I TH , SURGEON ON THE LAWRENCE
AND THE NIAGARA IN THE' BATTLE OF LAKE-ERIE. THE I NSTRUMENTS -OR I G I NALL Y HAD BEEN
PRESENTED TO DR. SMITH BY. GENERAL WILLIAM H. HARRISON PRIOR TO HIS BE I NG - PRES I DENT .

f. The Directorate of the AFIP, the Curator and Staff of the Medical
Museum in January were hosts to the Executive Council of the National Society of
the Daughters of the American Revolution at a special showing of the exhibit
"Women in Medicine." Major General James P. Cooney, MC, Deputy Surgeon General
of the Army, was guest speaker.

c. Colonel Minns, the Curator, attended the Annual Meeting or the
American Museum Association, Charleston., South Carolina, in April.

h. The motion picture program, which is presented to the public on
Sunday afternoons, October through May, was successfully continued. As a part
of this program, the color film "Gateways to the Mind" was borrowed from its
commercial sponsors immediately after its initial television presentation and was
shown on the five Sundays in November, the first local showing of this film in the
Greater Washington area.

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: i. Two members of the staff of the Museum, Mr. James B. Smi th, Jr. ,
and SP-*» Richard F. Goll. USAR, received suggestion awards. The award to Mr. Smith
WAS GIVEN FOR FORMULATING A BUFFING compound", wh i ch increased the speed of production

OF PLASTIC ITEMS ANO ELIMINATED THE DIRT AND OUST OF PREVIOUS METHODS. SP.-ty GOLL •
WAS GIVEN THE AWARD FOR DESIGNING AND FABRICATING A JIG TO PROVIDE GREATER CONTROL
WHILE GRINDING FOLIO TYPE PLASTIC BOXES WHILE INSURING RELATIVE SAFETY TO THE
WORKING TECHNICIAN.

J. NUMEROUS REQUESTS FOR LOANS OF CROp:; MATERIAL WCRC SATISFIED DURING '
THE YEAR. A TOTAL. OF "1,110 CROCK SPEC I MENS " WERE WITHDRAWN FOR USE BY CANDIDATES
FOR MEDICAL SPECIALTY BOARD EXAMINATIONS THROUGH THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 195^.

about ; I -July., the Museum-twas -rel i Eved of the operational' respons id il i'ty for the-

WET TIKUE' CROCK. COLLECT ION. DUE. TO THE RE LOC AT I ON _OF THE LABORATORY/.

K. H I STOPATHOLOG Y TISSUE COMPARATORS WERE CONSTRUCTED AND DISTRIBUTED
TO A SELECTED NUMBER OF ARMED FORCES OASES AND INSTALLATIONS FOR EVALUATION.

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l. The Museum continued to distribute on request copies of the
Manual of Macropathologi cal Techniques to both military and civilian indi-
viduals and institutions. th i s manual, which gives a complete resume of gross
tissue preservation, color retention, plastic embedding, and wet and dry
mounting, is gaining reputation as an authoritative document in its field.

k. Intra and Interservice.

a. a traveling exhibit on women in med i cine was shown at the
Washington Hospital Center, the National Headquarters of the Daughters of the
American Revolution, and at the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health
Association. Traveling exhibits on the Evolution of the Stethoscope ano Blood
Letting were also prepared and shown. Exhibits were supplied to various
hospitals and health agencies for display during national hosp i tal week , the
Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, for the U. S. FR|GATE
CONSTELLATION, and to the Greater Washington Educational Television Association,
Inc.

b. An exhibit of insignia used by the Medical Department in World
War II was prepared for photography and inclusion as the Frontispiece for one
of the historical volumes pertaining to the Army Medical Service soon to be
publ i shed.

c. A number of Museum i>tems were .loaned' to .the Smithsonian -Inst i -
tutionfor its Hall of ,Mi L.rTARY„Hi story ,.>• -

d. The laboratory continued to offer a centralized macropath-
olocical service to oualir'lcd requestors throughout the military service' and '
governmental agencies. Specific exampi.es ..a'.'E Fort Dietrich, Maryland (ex-
per i mental pathology spe c i men s ) , < tr a v i s : a i r force base ( spec i mens emphas i z | no'
clinical medicine)/ andGunter Air' Force Base (veterinary technician training. )

e. Plastic holders for cytological smear slide fixation, were
designed and fabricated for use by walter reed - army hosp i tal . a manuscript'
describing this device. was prepared and submitted. •..■'/

f. Several historical items were mounted' for the Nati onal' Capi tal
Park Service. In. add it ion,' a set of C i v i l War '■ i nstruments was transferred -to

; THEM FOR INCORPORATION IN A .PERMAN ENT BATTLEFIELD EXHIBIT . IN. Rl CHMOND,. VIRGINIA."
G. A NUMBER OF MUSEUM I TEMS WERE PLACED ON LONG-TIME LOAn'tOTHE

F.o'r.t. Ri ley: Museum, Fort Riley, Kansas'."'

h. Continuing support was provided the WRAMC' Television Division .

IN SUPPLYING MEDICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND MEOI COHI 5TOR I CAL MATERIAL FOR THEII?
VARIOUS TV PROJECTS. " •

i. Mounted gross pathological spec imens were loaned to 'the Chief
of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery,. Department of the Navy, Freedman's
Hospital, Maryland Life Insurance Underwriters Associates, and to the Amehican
Temperance Society. ' -

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-:^Krmmmm^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^MS

■MMiM^iliaiii^kil

ua^^^^:^^f:v^<$ ; p^^:^^i

Tra I ning.

The Museum Laboratory continued to offer three organized courses of
instruction in the science and technique of macropatholog y . one course of three
weeks' duration, presenting the basic principles of tissue preservation, plastic
fabrication, and specimen mounting was successfully completed by two students,
the same course in. an expanded form was offered as a six-month course for morgue
Attendants and Museum Aides. No students applied for this course during 1958-
A |6-H0UR block of instruction in museum laboratory methodology WAS given as a

SUPPLEMENT TO THE H I STOPATHOLOGY TECHNICIAN'S COURSE AND Zk STUDENTS WERE GRADUATED.
IN ADDITION, 15 OTHER PERSONS WERE GIVEN SPECIAL PHASE TRAINING OF VARYING DEGREES
IN LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AS REQUESTED BY THEIR SPONSORING AGENCIES.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM
CURATOR
A. E. Minns, Jr., Colonel, MSC, USA

I. ORGAtjl.2AT.10N t ::.

A. . The Medical Museum of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology is

MAINTAINED IN CHASE | HALL ON. INDEPENDENCE AVENUE AT 9™ STREET, SOUTHWEST, IN THE
DOWNTOWN AREA. IT IS DEDICATED TO THE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND DISPLAY OF
SELECTED MEDICAL MATERIAL OF MILITARY, HISTORICAL, AND SC I ENT I F I C VALUE TO PROVIDE
INSTRUCTION FOR THE MEN AND WOMEN OF THE ARMED FORCES, RESEARCH AND TEACHING
FACILITIES FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSION, AND INFORMATION FOR ALL.

. B. The Professional (Cornell) Museum, which Was installed in the AFJP
Building in 1955, was moved "to Chase Hall in April and installed intact in a room ^
on the first floor-. Here, it is maintained as. a. professional museum, not available:
to the general public. This move was made to make available additional space for
the professional activities of the Institute. However, its relocation in Chase
•Hall 'brings under one roof all Museum functions and provides a complete picture
of .its .score to the rmany 'professional visitors.

2. Personnel .

A. 'The Medical Museum continued throughout the year under the direct i on
of -Colonel Albert £. 'Minns, Jr..„.:'MSC.

B. .THE •OUANT.rTATI'VE .requirements IFOR personnel, -inadequate AT BEST..

remained below the "expected level. the 'position ;df chief of the -professional
Division ^remained vacant throughout the year because of unavailability of a suitable

PERSON.

C. Mr. Robert Walker Davis, Research Historian, terminated his services
with the Medical Museum in April to take a position with the National War College..
This position remained vacant until 3° November, when Mr. Samuel Ki er 'reported, for";

: d!uty J . ■•

D. Mr. John Walter Findlay, Clerk-typist in the Administrative Branch,,
resigned in October, with no replacement at year's end.

The loss of these two (2) people, representing nine (9) man months,
plus the fact that no temporary summer help was available, slowed down activities, .
particularly in the inventorying and accessioning of Museum items.

E. Personnel assigned to the Museum as of 34 December 1 959 were:

Military k Civilian 10

^-••^•"Itiiiiiiiiiiiil

ii^^t^Ii^m^^^i;:^^:.^^^!: ■-: :

3. Deve

LOPMENTS.

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ALTHOUGH RELOCATION OF THE PuBI ,r M,,= „
TEMPORARY BUILDING MUST QE CONS1DEREo IN TH A E LL PU A B c L ' MUSEUM ™>" 'TS PRESENT LOCATI ON ,N A

ELAPSED W.THOUT THE ANTICIPATED MOVE BE COM NG A R F " ^ ^^ AN ° TH " "^ "«
CONGRESS OUR.NG THE , 959 SESS , ONS „ „" r p ^ ^ ^H I S *AS DUE TO THE ,C T THAT
THE GOVERNMENT OFF.CE BUILDING P LAN N ED FOR THF *"ESS A RY FUN0s REQU|red pQR

WHEN THE MUSEUM W.LL BE FORC E D TO^ ^ 7m " """ ™ E """^ M °"
,.ABOUT "BuS.NESS-AS-USUAL" WITH COMPLETE FA^ "^E PO S "" ^^ ' ' ^ "^ "" -' '
GOVERNORS THAT THE MUSEUM wi LL ALWA YS BE LOCATF^ " ' ' '" ^^ ^HE . BOARD 0p ^
'AND READILY -ACCESSIBLE- TO THE V I S . TO, ' " ^ °° WNT0WN «« Or;WASH tN GTON -.

SPACE MANAGEMENT FOR T HE 3U I LD I £ OW 'o C "JuTll ^ Z^ ^ ^ ^^ '^
AS THIS BU,LD, N G;WAS OR.GINALLY BUILT f iffiV n NATIONAL LIBRARY Or MED ,.C , NE .

-ALLY SU.TABLE.ANdWd-ADEOUATELY SPt MUSEu: U :r T AN ° ^^'^ ^^
TO THIRTY (30) YEARS' " . ETHE . MUSEUH f°". THE NEXT TWENTY-F , VE ., (2 5 )

MU seum, -t^ueIvo :;::::;;::,:;;:^-^- •» - — — - Pu . lie

TO PATHOLOGISTS ANO CL.HICANS. PA ™°^ « CAL SPECIMENS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST

,HENT .OF. THE ;«. t , C . ^HE .PRKSENTAT, ON OF E Z ^ * R ° R ™** E ° ™» ™* ^.W^.

.services — o OERN ,. ED1;CA1 .. iRESEA : ;^ d ^::~ m :: ,ng ^ he — -— — „ „..

...:MS.r* ttt A, TiI .o M OF ^^h,^ ,„,„ ^ ^^ ^^. C ON Tl ,,NUED THROUGHOUT , WME .YEAR . . T H C

tf^.™:i^-^ E * RE ^^

.'WER E ^EW,OR.REFURB ( S„ ED ; ■ ^ ' ^ ^ C ~ <°« -HUNDRED S.X ,( , O60 .O, rH C 3t

-SES IN THE ^Tp^r^^.r 7 I*""" ^ " ^ —
.NSTALLAT.ION OF TH ESE L ,GHTS WAS SUBM TT E ^ "^ ^ "^ """ T '"""""T POR

. z--z-z;~-- —- V^ K ^s :r:: s ::;; ED ':r •
T H EM ACL. r :H,cH ::r:" N w ;: r::;-:':; 7 irr»>«» °— ■■»

-L ATTENT.ON TO MA , NTENANCE P.OBLEMS . PA I NT I NG OF T HE ^ ' ^ """" ^ ^
rOYER. AS WELL AS tN THE . LABORATORY AD WORK H0P AR 7 " ^ ^'^ ' " ^ ^T .
"ESHER APPEARANCE.. ".HOPERABLE WINDOWS HAV BE EN PUT ' ' ^ "^ "" ""'"»>C^„.
AOD.T.ONAL FANS AND SEVEN ( 7 , A1R COND I T , ON NG N , w ^ ^ ' ^ "^ ' T ' ^ = ^ ^

70 ™ £ af,p - - °— ha, ..HPRovto THE v::::;;:^:-— By gsa - at - ~» "
shoulder^Ind v^r;;:;;;:^;;::::::— -; E r -« "— - ECTIONSor the

NAVAL M EDI C 1N E" LOA NEO BY E. R SOU B 8 AND So ' ^ ^ AN ° " A CE — »P

^jfrttfrnirimiirtflfirifiM^ ■ ■

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H. A SIXTEEN-BLADE (|6) SCARIFICATOR WAS DONATED TO THE MUSEUM BY

Mr. and Mrs. B. Woodruff on behalf of their uncle, Colonel Theodore Barnes, USA : ■ ',
(Ret). This was accepted by The Directorate at a small ceremony held in the '/
Office of the Curator. Other donations during 1959 included: six (6) micro-
scopes; AN EARLY I9TH CENTURY OPERATING TABLE; THIRTEEN (13) UNIFORMS WORN BY
HIGH-RANKING OFFICERS DURING WW I, WW II, AND KOREA; A JAPANESE CEREMONIAL SWORD

and an Army Medical Corps Brigadier General's Flag by Major General Silas B. Hays,,
Surgeon General; two (2) copies of the newspaper "The American Soldier" dated 10
and 17 September 1898; a Civil. War Field Desk oonated by Miss Margaret Janeway
Billing, daughter of Dr. John Shaw Billings, Curator of the Museum in 1883-1893. ■/

I. Several new items of machinery were received and installed in
the Museum Laboratory and workshop area to replace wornout and obsolete equip-
ment.

J. A program was instituted with the Professional Records Section,
AFIP, to package the anatomical specimens of the Huntington collection presently
in crocks. This program is well under Way and at year's end one hundred seventy-: -
four (17*0 specimens had been packaged and sealed in plastic bags and returned to
the Museum.

K. The motion picture program presented to the public on Sunday after-
noons was continued' throughout the year.

A special showing ? of the -Way "Fi:lm :of the -month, "-The Heart Crhppler."
'was held :by "request 'for the 'si xth grade class and -theii r ateacher of cthe yorksh i rf.
Elementary School, Manassas, Virgin i a.

L. One member -of'the -staff -of the Museum ;was , trained in the Army Pro-
jectionist School in order to maintain a pool of available .projectji oni.sts for th'i-
program. ■

M. One ( I ) member of the staff, Mr. Myron C. Miller, .'received a ".Super i ok
Accomplishment Award.''. Miss Cleo -a. Warren, ■ Secretary to the Curator, received a
Letter of Commendation from Captain William M. Silliphant, MC , USN, The Director of
the Institute during the first eight (8) months of the year. Eight (8) members of
the Museum staff were presented with Service Pins for service periods from ten ( 10)
to twenty (20) years each.

•+. Intra and ' Interserv i ce.

A. Cooperation and/or coordination with Federal, civilian, and foreign,
agencies was manifested in many ways.

B. Exhibits were supplied to various hospitals, health, and educational

AGENCIES FOR TEACHING AND DISPLAY. A PANEL EXHIBIT "THE, EVOLUTION OF THE CySTOSCOPE"

was prepared and shown at the annual meeting of the american urological association
in Atlantic City.

C. A number of Museum items were loaned to the Museum Branch, National
Capital Park Service, for incorporation in battlefield exhibits in New Mexico.

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D. Support was provided the WRAMC Television Division in supplying suitable

MATERIAL FOR VARIOUS CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELECASTS. THESE INCLUDED "THE SMALL' WATCHER , " A HIS-
TORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE, THE "HISTORY OF ROENTGENOLOGY," THE "AFIP STORY. . "

E. The Laboratory continued to render centralized macropatholog i cal service

TO QUALIFIED REQUESTORS. SPECIMENS WERE MOUNTED FOR TRAVIS AlR FORCE BASE - , ARMY CHEMICAL

Center; Veterinary Section, U. S. Army Medical Unit, Fort Detrick; Kansas University Medical
Center, Kansas City; Andrews Air Force Base Hospital; USAF Hospital Maxwell, Air University,
Maxwell Air Force Base.

Two (2) bison skulls were prepared for the Museum Laboratory, National

Park Service.

F._ One hundred eleven (III) copies of the Manual of Macropatholog i cal Tech-
niques were distributed on request to both military and civilian installations and inoi-

VI OUALS.

G. Files and archival material that had been housed in the' Office of the
Historian-Archivist, AFIP, were transferred back .to the Museum because of the resignation,
of Mr. MoRRis C Leikind, Histori an-Archi vi.st. /

5- Training .

The Museum Laboratory continued to offer three organized courses -of instruction

'IN TME'jSCIENCE AND" TECHNIQUE OF MACROPATMOLOGY.. -ONE COURSE OF THREE .AND ONE -HALF (3"?!
MONTHS 1 DURATION WAS GIVEN TO MR. JESUS E - MaL'DONADO OF "CENTRAL UN I VERS I TY , CARACAS ,

■venezuela, during which. time me successfully mastered the basic principles of tissue
•preservation, plastic fabrication, and specimen mounting. slx (6) other students .availed
themselves of this training but for periods of one (;l ) week only..- |n- addition, fifteen
<m5) persons were given training to a minor degree in laboratory techniques.

6. publi cations .

The article indicated below by one of the Museum staff was published:

PURTLCy. MELeNHHiC.' U80LOGI:Ol|NS'tRUiMEI«T(l06ULEC.TLON :il«v:i
•MEDI CAU MUSCOH'Otf'.'ARMED'FORCES' IRSXCrUTE. :OF I PATHOLOGY /

j. UROtooYL Vol. 8i,"Npc -.5-, i;MaY.'. 1959.- ;• . ,":'•■.•• I''..'

7- Vis 1 tors .

^" Visitors to the Medical Museum totalled three hundred sixty-three thousand,
one hundred th i rty-s i x ' ( 363 ,, i 3^ ) y our i ng i959» 0ne hundred fourteen thousand, seven
hundred fifty-two { i i ** , 752 } more than 1958, which previously had been the highest on
record. Every State and Territory of the United States was represented, as were, more
than fifty ( 5o ) foreign countries.

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Organization and Mission: The Medical Museum
of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology is dedicated
to the collection, preservation, and display of selected
medical material of military, historical, and scientific
value to provide instruction for the men and women cf
the Armed Forces, research and teaching facilities for
the medical profession, and information for all.

The Professional (Cornell) Museum has been
divided into six (6) study museums, one each for:
Neuropathology; Genito-Urinary; Obstetrics, Gyne-
cology and Breast; Cardiovascular; Orthopedic; and
Skin and Gastrointestinal Pathology.

In December, the Medical Museum was relocated
from Independence Avenue at 9th Street, S.W., to
Jefferson Drive, between 6th and 7th Streets, S.W.,
on the Mall.

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The Medical Museum was reorganized from two (2)
divisions (Professional and Public) to three divisions
'(Teaching, laboratory^ and Operations} .

"Visitors to the Medical Museum totalled ;586v697
during JL960. This was a gain of 223., 561 over 1959,
which had been the highest on:record. Every State
and "Territory of the United States was represented,
as were more than fifty foreign countries.

Personnel : The quantitative requirements for
personnel remained below par throughout the year.
Vacancies that occurred throughout the year were
filled, but only after many, months delay. The
position of Chief of the Laboratory Division remained
vacant for the second consecutive year..

Developments ; The long anticipated closing of
Chase Hall for purposes of demolition became an actu-
ality in December, and the Museum once again had to
accept temporary quarters, this, time in a temporary
building on Jefferson Drive, between 6th and 7th :
Streets, S. W.;, oh the; Mall. This building is not
only inadequate for Museum purposes, but it is shared

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with two other tenants, the National Capital Parks
Museum Laboratory, which occupies one entire wing,
plus additional offices on the first floor, and the
Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, which occupies the entire
second floor. It is still hoped that the Museum
will be given its old home on Independence Avenue
at 7th Street, S.W. when the present occupants, the
National Library of Medicine, move in the fall of
1961. . '

A letter was sent to The Surgeon General,
Department of the Army, 18 August, requesting his
concurrence in the initiation of action toward con-
struction of a new building for the Medical Museum.
A 1st Indorsement to this letter stated that action
would be taken to include a request for authorization
and funding of a new Medical Museum in the FY 1963
MCA Program and, for planning purposes, direct liaison
between representatives of the Medical Museum and the
jDirector of iPlans, 'Suppiy, and Operations -of The
Surgeon General 1 ^ Office was approved.

Proposed .building and space requirements,
together with the concept and justification for
;a ;new building for the Medical Museum, were sub-
mitted to The Surgeon General on 17 November I960.

The Medical Museum continued to present exhibits
showing current advances in medical research and de-
velopment. New exhibits showing the accomplishments
of the military in the field of medicine continue to
be an incentive for visitors to return frequently.
During I960, 431 exhibits were presented, and 77 of
these were new or refurbished.

The Superintendent of the GSA buildings worked
in close harmony with the Museum to improve the appear-
ance of Chase Hall. Exhaust fans and screens were
installed, the loading platform was repaired, the
entire first floor was redecorated, and the floors
on the second floor were reinforced before word was
received of the imminent move.

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Intra and. Inter-service : Assistance was given
to Federal, Civilian and Foreign agencies in several
ways:

Exhibits were loaned to various hospitals, health
and education agencies for teaching and display. Panel
exhibits were prepared and shown at the annual meetings
of the American Medical Association and the American
Urological Association.

Museum items were loaned for incorporation in
Civil War Centennial exhibits in Richmond, Virginia,
and in New York City. v Other museum items were loaned
to'Wyeth Laboratories for incorporation in their exhibit
"Progress of. Medicine."

Support was provided the WRAMC Television Division
in supplying material for various closed-circuit telecasts,

Training : The Museum Laboratory continued to offer
three organized courses of instruction in the science and.
techniques of raacropathology. Twenty-eight (28) Air
Force enlisted personnel of the AFIP Histopathology
Courses received one week's instruction in gross mounting
procedures. Dr. Jae 5. Littrell, Assistant Professor,
Department of Anatomy., -Howard University, received four
weeks' training in museum rlabpr.atbry procedures. In
addition, sixteen (16) individuals spent varying amounts
of time observing museum techniques.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM
' John 'W.. Sheridan,. Colonel, MSC, USA, Curator

A. ORGANIZATION:

The Medical Museum of the Armed Forces Institute of
Pathology is dedicated to the collection, preservation, and
display of selected medical material of military, historical,
and scientific value to provide instruction for the men and
women of the Armed Forces, research and teaching facilities
for the medical profession, and information for all.

B. PERSONNEL:

1. The Medical Museum' continued "under the direction
of Colonel Albert E. Minns, Jr., as Curator until his
retirement on 30 June. Captain Roger H. Fuller, MC, USN,
Deputy Director, assumed the duties of- Acting Curator from-

1 July until Colonel John W. Sheridan, MSC, USA, reported for
duty as Curator on 23 October.

2. Colonel Melvin V. Schlaak, MSC, USA, Assistant.
Curator since 28 November i960, retired on 31 March-. '

3. Personnel assigned to the Museum as of
31 December 1961 were:

Military -, h
DEVELOPMENTS:

Civilian - 10

1. During the year, close contact- was maintained
with General Services Administration and the Department of
the Army relative to procuring for the Museum the building
now occupied by the National Library of Medicine . A letter
and floor plans were submitted to DOD with justification
for the need of the entire building.

Colonel Frank M. Townsend, USAF, MC, The Director,
Colonel Joe M. Blumberg, MC, USA, Deputy Director, Colonel
Albert E. Minns, Jr., Curator, Mr. Roland L. Marchand, Senior
Architect, and Mr. David M. . Johnson, Chief, Projects and
Plans Branch, WRAMC Engineer Division, inspected the library .
building to determine the minimum repairs and alterations
that would be necessary should the building be allocated
to the Museum. A letter was subsequently sent to DOD and
GSA outlining these minimum requirements.

.At.the ,end -of the year, no 'definite commitment
had been made" relative to the allocation of the library
buildihg.

l aKBWgtiHBMa'tS. ' jgWM B^ry!--

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} ■

2. Lt. Colonel Vemon McKenzie, MSC, Chief,
Directives and Policies Branch, Operations Division, OTSG,
Dr-He-sisnated action officer^ The^urge ,on General to

^f^^ S^gj Congress

It was learned that a letter prepared by the Chiefof Military
History to the Honorable Carl Hayden, Acting Chairman,
ComSee on Rules and Administration, for ^^J** 16
Secretary of Defense, was not forwarded by *be J3ecre tary,
since Bill S. 3346 died with the termina «£ oftbe Eighty
sixth Congress. It was also learned that Bill H. R. 113^,
aluosSS for Bill S. 3846, was- introduce ^f^f"
RPventh Coneress. Lt. Colonel McKenzie maintained contact
SS the SSor and assured him that all ^islative liaison
Soups were informed of our interest in the bill and that the
Museum would have opportunity to offer suggestions for the
protection of the rights of the AFIP.

3. Tempo S was maintained in good condition by GSA.
A ramp was installed at the west entrance for the use of
handicapped visitors, and safety treads were ***»%£ ° n
the stairs at the entrances. Serious ^^^^Jou 8
areas were repaired but only after several exhibits had been
wate r- soake d .

h. Air conditioning units and exhaust fans were
installed in the laboratory.

• 5 . One hundred nine medical officers and civilian
physicians spent time in the various study museums. In-
Edition, twenty-two medical officers reviewed the osteo-.
logic specimens in the Orthopedic Study Museum and four
physicians reviewed the neurologic and urologic specimens
prior to taking their specialty board examinations.

6 A concerted effort was made by the Accessions
and.Loan Branch of the- Museum to convert. aH -accessions .
bearing Museum numbers back to the :AFIP-'accessioning^system.
Due to insufficient personnel in this branch, only .abput-
one-third of. the ..total project has. been completed.

7. The preparation of the history of the Institute^
tentatively entitled, "The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology:
its First Century," by. Dr. Robert Selph Henry, continue *.
throughout the, year.\ Two meetings of the. Editorial Advisory
BcSrd g for the hfstory were held during ^<* ** f ^iS*
of the narrative was reviewed and photographic illustrations
of the text were discussed. At the close of the year, ^

Dr. Henry had completed the first draft of fourteen chapter.

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-*rto.r « d^^'-^ 1 ^' ^-ultant, had - a: flve .
of the rtcroscope catafo™, ^ ^vmi the first draft

«-t " he .p-SfcS^SKj.-M- *^w-.tS?

xeast possible delay.

advances^ SiS^tSSlS *° IT" 1 - «™»t
*rl°S the year over sfcr St, f aich and ^lopnent and

J- 1 - The Hall of p«+v,ai
Provide specific ar^as f or Jhe ^f 3 """Wd to better
of the AFIP. The Hon *„ ^rious pathology st*»n-roi + f
to Dr. c^,* JJ££ ^S^ Path ^ ^SSS"

exhibit have ^n °i2SllS. addltion ^ sections oj this

Curator, ^dicaf Ce^ofV^ by Lt ' *»** Phakdeephan
of Pathology, Ba^rC^^ 1 , ^ ^ Insti?^ '

■>s . Robert ■Hf a iS^ CO f* dertte ^tle Flag le nt bv

to dxscuss Museum, problem^ n£ **** ""* in the Museum

^eum needed more spaced ^ T* ±Q ^^ that tte ■
concerted effort shoSS bTL* > *?** determined and
occupied by ntM assigned^o^f 1° have - the building now
recomendat^ that ^ C a? a W <*^um. They also^aJe the
should be published. Catal °^ of historic microscopes

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17- A conference relative to the AFIP Centennial
Program was held in. the Museum "by the Program Committee. In
attendance were: ..Dr. Chapman H. Binford, Dr. Esmond L. Long,
Lt. Colonel Edward H. Johnston, MC;J USA, Dr. William C. Manion,
and Dr. Richard M. Follis, Jr.

18. A mobile composed of plastic lens elements of
corrected optics of the microscope, made and given to the
Museum by Mr. Burton Dezendorf , was installed in Microscope
Hall.

19. The motion picture program, which had been
temporarily discontinued since moving into Tempo S, was
reactivated in October with a- series of films on First Aid.

20. Accessions during 1961 included a World War I,
ambulance which was transferred from the. U.S. Army Ordnance
Museum,. Aberdeen Proving . Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland../

21. A Colorimeter, made in 1912.by the Russell
Sage Foundation for experimental purposes, and a Pettenkofer-
Voit apparatus used for experimental animals were received
from the National Institutes of Health. .

22. Eighteen wax models showing various- skin disease s
were received from the College of Physicians, Philadelphia.

23. Uniforms and related items were received from
the World War I Reconstruction Aides Association and from
individuals in the Medical Corps, USA, and USN, Army Nurse
Corps, and Medical Service Corps.

2k. In addition, microscopes, surgical, and diagnostic
instruments and historical material were received.

25. The Upjohn Company offered the Museum a
functional schematic model of the Brain. As this would
require a ceiling height of 15 feet, the offer was declined
pending moving to larger quarters.

26. Mr. Samuel Kier and Mr. Gordon T. Harrell were
presented with 20-year service pins and. certificates.

Miss Cleo A. Warren received a Certificate of Superior
Performance, and Mr. Myron C. Miller received the Department
of the Army Outstanding Employee Rating.

D. INTRA- AND. INTER -SERVICE:

1. Material was loaned to Wyeth, Inc., for their
exhibit "Pavilion of Medical Progress," to the Richmond
Academy of Medicine for the Centennial Exhibit, and to the
B'hai B'rith Museum for the exhibit "American Jewry and the
Civil War!"

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Records, -^par^'S SZZt*** ^^^ ° f **°a">si°nal '■

was located £ SfngTo? &££.*"-*»»*»***, «P.
sent to L ££»*£; ■XS?*""" Libraly ' W8 ' '-"■

P«»motlon"Bo£dt M, m? ""^ " 8 " e,I " Ier of "» °«ie«-s.

first CuLorVS mL™ P ??S"„°5 ^ J ° M H"Brlnton, ,
»as been extenid ft 3^ %£* Batlonai °^ry of Art'

School, Ltl&S; vSgm;. WmiM,S ■»»*'.«» ^ectionist
patholoical^rJSt, 1 ^!?^ ^^ *° render w

of Macr^;tho^icaf? 8 \h!;- rteen (213) ° OI>les ° f «» ««™al
P noiogical techniques vere distributed on request.

in producing entomological s^udfsets * ^l^ 15 *" 1 *
Museum laboratory" wr | extendeSt?^. 1CeS ° f the

jears aS^'S^ih,'^^ 11 .> "*** 2.000
Institution. em>>ed ^ ln Pestle for the Smithsonian

Chief, 0p 3 h tbaS"S1e"ice 81 ™° ^T* AU3 " D *W.*.>*;'-
of economical reading lelsS' ^S' , " desl f *°8 Pilot models
"ere fabricated for^rSe^tafuse " * ""^ deSign

plaetic'for ^J^°SSra! t t < SUr ^ Cal taife TO ^a** '*> "''
Surgeon Genertl? ^ ° liTCr K " Nless ' "SAF, MC,

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E. TRAINING: The Museum Laboratory continued to offer
three organized courses of instruction in the science and
technique of macropatholbgy, fifty-six persons received
instruction in gross mounting procedures, including fourteen
students from the Histopathology- Techniques Course 6lA

(for h days) and eleven from Course 6lB (for 7 days).

F. Visitors to the Medical Museum totalled 684, 6o6 during
1961, the highest number recorded for any year. This was
a gain of 97,909 over i960. Every State and Territory and
nearly every foreign country were represented.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM
John W. ' Sheridan, Colonel, .MS.C, USA,, Curator

A. ORGANIZATION :

The Medical .Museum of the Aned Forces Institute cf Pachoiory
consists of the Curator's office and three divisions: Education,
Operations and Laboratory.

The Museum is dedicated to the collection, preservation and
display of selected -nodical materials of military., . historical
and scientific value to provide instruction for the men and '.romer;
of the Armed Forces, research and teaching facilities for the
medical profession, and information for all r

B. PERSONNEL :

1. The Medical Museum was under the direction of Colonel
John ^W. Sheridan, MSC, USA. 'throughout the year.,

.2.. -Personnel cssipr.ed "to the .-Museum as of 3i '••Decern!; ~r
:19^2 were:

".'•lilit'ary::
C a DEVELOPMENTS:

.12

:iv.il.ian: h

J... i'he .building at- 701 . independence Avenue., S'. ■ ■W« . di-fCcted;

for th;yiC-;-ibioed use .of the Army Medical .^Museum and Library in
fl8. r V. „ and occupied solely bv the Library since 1954,' v.-ap allocated;

to the Department of "Defer.se bv- General- Services Admi ni-t rat-ion in
; January Wf>?„ ; Eecai.se of much higher priorities for other new

defense construction and the ^reat suitability of the library

building, it was accepted.

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2. The 'move of the Museum from Tempo. S into 701 Independence
Avenue was begun in May and ■ finalized -in December. Expenses for the -.-^
move were born.-, bv the Office of "Space Management Service, Office
of the Secretary of the Army. General Services Ai.lmiiistraCion assumeflg^.
the responsibility for mnkinp. .the building safe and provided a ;mini- ' v^J
mum of interior decoratiny. ■ To date the building has been made ■ water^g^
proof and the corridors and exhibit hall's on the first and second -.' "
•floors have been painted^ The book stacks were remo'v-d Cro-n th3 EsSC^
V'iri;-; and. new floor tile was laid. ■"■•"

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?„' In addition - to -the Museum, mar; oti^r activicior; of
the AFIP were moved to .70 1 Independence Avt.-'.ue.

4. Seventy- three medical officers and pliy s i.ciar.s ,-. vai led
themselves of the study rooms inf;tnlled in Tempo S Ths-j Ortho-
pedic Branch of the Department of iV.iholojy held two classes i.c
the Museum -- one in Tempo S, and one in the Museum 'n present
quarters. Fifty-one physicians reviewed the orthopedic, neu;.o-
lo^ic and urologic specimens prior to taking, their speciality
board examinations.

5. The history of the Institute, entitled T he Armed Forcer. ?:
Institute of Pathology: Its First Centu ry, !%? -'>.9fr2. by Dr.
Robert Selph Henry was completed and submitted tc the Historical
Unit, Forest Glen, on IS November,,

6 „ On 13 November the Medical Museum' held a "black tie'' Open
House to observe its Centennial. A 100-foot exhibit, 'designed. an'
constructed by the Medical - I 1 lustration Service depicting; tblr
early, history ..and collections of the Museum, iwas installed;' Th.:
•North-South ':Ski.rmisher.s lent -.?■ variety -of C : r-i:L V;\r ex ha. hi _s a - : J ,
■'■w.tt-h a :ngnent *o.f the -Army band., provided n.u sic -for the i:Vv.:i).'.:-,.
Over 70(i invited , guests were .present.

.,'_..: .'iSwc^v«*-ei-gh:Craf j OOX.^ , s;cojfie.;sx>a.u : ue:S.or-e'pirie--se , n.c.-L'ns:. imp or;, am
figures in medicine -were given- ;tg , .ti'ie..lMiiseum"..by !D.-. .and Mrs.
Bernard ^AppcT,.- "These :s:t'a£ue:s~, ;scuAp tu-red -by r'r.s,. 'Dor.is A p.'.? ', .
.will be insta'l.led in ..the -West. ..Wing, second -flc"r\

B. .'A. collection -of stamps of mndica.l .interest was tra-i-

ferred from -tha National library of
col lection, ...... ■

^ici.ne to . the ...Maseum-'

9, •"> reproduction of the portrait of John M. Crinton,
first curator, of the Museum, va.7 loaned to the- Museum by thp
National. Gallery .of Art.- This nas bet>n hunp oi tho stair. land\».:c',
second floor, in lieu of the original which' is on' loan to' the
National Gallery.

D. INTRA-. AND INTERSEiWTCS :

1. Four microscopes wore loaned to the ^mit'hs.'mian Ins t i tut i.
for incorporation in an exhibit under preparation for . i".; "•; ' .
building. Other medical instruments were loaned to the Na ti an.\ .'.
Institutes of Health for display, and to the Wye'_h Cornp'ai.v i';>r :!'.•
annua/, exhibit which j.s prsp^.red primarily for c'ispl.a" a ! . t:.io *■■.■...
Medical Association meeting Fvur microscopes wero -loamd to r!:-
Jules ^ower Productions in rlcw .York for an ARC ;
"Discovhry" on ?A December.

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2. Civil War items were loaned to :he U„ S. M^-^l. -io-o^ i
Annapolis, Maryland, for display in the "t&ie CapituT fo^t^ '
Maryland Civil War Centennial, and to th.-j Museum of rine /> — <s
Eoston. "'" '

3. The publication's "What's this About a LaboratoryTosf 5 '
Should you be a Medical Technologist?" and "The Profession o? '

Medical Technology" were received fro™ the American R P r>ist-y of
Fatholo^v and placed on sale at the Museum.

4. Specimens were mounted for the National Nav* i ,'^dical
Center, Bethesda, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston
Texas, Georgetown University School of Medicine, as w«ll a « fo '-
other governmental agencies and private physician.-,. A t-otal o^

792 specimens were newly mounted or refurbished in spite c c the f- c -
that the Museum Laboratory was below personnel celling fln H."„p, nor '
m operation for three months during the move. Eighty students re-
ceived laboratory training during the year.

5. Two hundred and four copies of the Manual of Mrc-o-
pathological Techniques were distributed on -request.

E. TRAILING :

The-Uuseum^Laboracory, gave instruction, in -macropatho^v
■techniques to 41 persons. J

F. VISITORS :

Visitors to the Medical Museum totaled *3l,?97 du-n. 10* ?
a decrease of 53,409 from the previous y-ar/ ""' : ''

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• MEDICAL MUSEUM

Lt. Colonel David Auld, USAF, MC, Curator ;

Captain Alan B. Copper, USAF, MC, Assistant Curator

ORGANIZATION . - The Medical Museum was organized into
a curator's office and two divisions during 1963'. The Elans
Division consisted of the Accessions Branch and Research;
and Education Branch, and the Operations Division of the
Information Office, Construction and Maintenance Branch and
Laboratory Branch.

PERSONNEL . - In May 1963 Lt. Colonel David Auld, USAF,
MC, was named Deputy Director of the Armed Forces Institute of
Pathology with the additional duty as Curator of the Medical
Museum. Colonel John W. Sheridan, MSC, USA, the previous
Curator, was reassigned in August 1963, at which time Captain ,■
Alan B. Cooper, USAF/, MC, was named Assistant Curator.

DEVELOPMENTS . - A Medical Museum Workshop held on
19-20 February 1963, and the meeting of the Board of Governors
of ;the AF.IP, 24 October 1963, provided guidance toward a
major reorganization and development and expansion program
within the Museum itself. The following resolution .was
passed by the Board of Governors:.

"It is resolved that the Medical Museum is of great
importance both historically and scientifically and that
appropriate steps be taken to strengthen and expand its position
in the field of medical education and public instruction."

. In September 1963, The -Director, AFIP,; issued a policy
statement on the operation and mission of the Medical Museum-

as follows:

"The mission of the Institute as defined in the
Charter is to 'maintain medical museums for the
instruction of qualified and authorized persons
and display openly selected museum exhibits to
the lay public. 1 The Museum will be .considered
•';'■ ,to consist basically of the gross pathology material
of the Institute put on display for the benefit ■
of the profession. and. the public. In addition,
it will be a museum of disease in the broader sense ,
including the sciences of embryology, pathogenesis,
morphology, diagnostic pathology, both clinical
and anatomical, and military medicine. Specimens
and objects relating to military matters only and
, with no medical significance will be eliminated.

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"The Museum will consist of two parts

a public and a professional museum. The
public museum will tell the story of disease
in the language of the layman, but with
the dignity, veracity, and sophistication
becoming the profession. The visitor will
be greeted by a definition of the word "pathology "
and will be guided in sequence through the '
history of medicine, embryology, pathogenesis,
morbid anatomy, and diagnosis. He will observe
the role of pathology in medicine, viewing
both the commonplace and the spectacular
The tour will close with a look at the future.
The professional museum will be a conservatory
of medicine. Organized according to medical
specialty, organ systems, and geographic
distribution of disease, it will consist of a
number of small study halls, each equipped
with total resources for the study of disease:
Appropriate gross specimens; microscope and
microscopic slides; syllabi, atlases, textbooks*
and reprints; x-rays and viewboxes, photographs'
and ^transparencies; audio-visual teaching aids
including tapes, film strips, recordings, and a
motion picture library for showings when required
in the projection room.

"As -the Museum is an integral part of the Armed
forces .Ins titute of Pathology and , in ef f ec t
T-jusx one -expression of the total effort of the
:i-nstxtute,7no attempt will be made to create a
*arge independent staff to conduct museum business-
The -Museum will be operated by all the people
of the Institute, and only a small force will
be assigned the Museum to coordinate the efforts;
of the Institute in its museum endeavors. All
the branches of the Department of Pathology will take
the responsibility for creating and maintaining
exhibits and study halls appropriate to their
respective specialties and supplying the
necessary specimens.; The Medical Illustration
Service will provide consultation in art and
design to the various pathologists and technical
support in the construction of exhibits. The
American Registry of Pathology will assist
other groups in the preparation and distribution
of study materials for the professional museum.
The small permanent staff, of the Museum proper will
act to bring : together all these resources and l
present them to the public and the profession in
the form. of an effective museum of pathology."

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During the late summer of 1963, a complete
reappraisal was made of the entire Museum. It was found
to be badly in need of physical and professional- repair if.
it were to resume its previous position of dignity and esteem
in the museum world. -The following changes were instituted
to facilitate services to the public.

a. A receptionist was located in the lobby to greet
and assist visitors.

b. Thorough cleaning of the walls, floors, and exhibits
was accomplished as well as a general increase in the
maintenance effort.

c. The most extensive changes were made in the exhibit
halls, where extraneous material related to military medicine
or pathology was removed.

d. The Centennial Hall, exhibiting Civil War material,
was closed at the end of the centennial year, and pertinent
material was displayed in other areas on the first floor.

This hall was reopened with a completely new set of temporary
medical exhibits <of .current interest in December 1963.

<e.. jEour -new exhibit -rooms containing forensic, wound
UaTlistic, aerospace, -and ^drowning ^displays were opened -on
^the ;f2Lrst floor in ^September 1963.

f. The microscope collection was moved from its
area in the Hall of Pathology on the first floor to a more
suitable and impressive exhibit area on the second floor.

g. The entire exhibit area on the second floor was
re-evaluated, reorganized and augmented;

In August 1963 the Appel Statuary, which had been
installed the latter part of 1962, was dedicated in an
appropriate ceremony.

During the latter part of 1963 the entire microscope
collection was completely catalogued and reviewed by Oscar
W. Richards, Ph. D. , Consultant, during his tour of duty,

,18-29 November 1963. The catalogue emerging from this effort;

"is a definitive work of this "type and is. in the final stages
of preparation for publication.

All literature originating at the Museum in the form
of pamphlets and other papers of public interest have been
evaluated and those with the widest public interest are being
reprinted. Other pamphlets are being prepared on current

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subjects of medical-pathologic interest.

A public motion picture program was reinstituted in
the Museum auditorium. The auditorium itself was completed
in 1963 on the first floor of the Museum.

In the area of laboratory research, new methods for the
preservation of macropathological material have been investi-
gated. Further experiments in the use of new silicone plastic
embedment techniques have been initiated. In order to
expedite the production of Museum specimens, prefabricated
plastic containers are being evaluated. With the dimished
working staff, these will be especially useful in increasing
the production level of the laboratory.

In September 1963, a recataloging of the entire collection
of approximately 100,000 items was initiated. These tissues,
artifacts and memorabilia are being evaluated, accessioned
and indexed piece by piece in order to provide an adequate
system of bookkeeping and cataloging. This will replace the
present filing system which is inadequate, and return the
Museum catalogues to the high level achieved in the past.

Contacts were established with the National Institutes
of Health, the Bureau of States Services, and military
agencies within the Department of Defense for the procurement
of loan material to provide interesting exhibits during the
period of redevelopment. Seventeen major displays were
exhibited through the cooperation of these sources and the
Medical Illustration Service, AFIP.

A revitalization program which will require approximately
five years has been initiated. Tentative long-range plans
have been drawn up, in coordination with the Medical Illustration
Service, for consideration by the Scientific Advisory Board
and The Director, AFIP, to include redesigning the entire
Hall of Pathology along contemporary Museum development
plans, and building a permanent exhibit to house the extensive
microscope collection.

The general long-range plans provide that the Museum
will consist of three major halls; two on the second floor and
one on the first. The Hall of Pathology will display
material on a systemic basis. One hall on the second floor
will have a historical and evolutionary motif, while the
other will be devoted to the display of medical subjects of
current interest.

A professional museum area with less emphasis placed
upon exhibit technique and with more sophisticated material

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has been planned for operation in conjunction with the
proposed geographic pathology study rooms.

The area of fund procurement has been and continues
to be an urgent matter for consideration. Financial support
for the Medical Museum by means other than Department of
Defense sources; has been and is being investigated.

During the latter part of 1963, meetings of the Directorate,
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, and the General Services
Administration firmed plans for refurbishing the entire AFIP
Annex building and enhancing the facilities of the Museum
itself. The areas discussed include adequate electric power
for exhibits, central air conditioning, elevator installation,
repainting, refurbishing and redecorating the interior and
exterior of the building.

In October 1963, The Director, Armed Forces Institute
of Pathology, requested the various brunches of the Institute
to assist in the design of and provide professional guidance
for the various Museum exhibits within the province of their
subspecialties. Close liaison between the Medical Museum
and the Medical Illustration Service was established and most
of the plans and development ideas were firmed during the
.latter /par.t Jof 1963 .

"TRAINING . - Instruction was given :±n macropathology
•techniques Ao the students of the -Medical Laboratory Procedures
iGourse sfiAdvariced^.. ^Students number 25 to ,30 ;per year, and in
^addition :to :?lec tur.es and demonstrations., they also benefit irom
;ta i pp;"l?i'Ca."Cory ic-lasses .

~INTRA- ;&ND INTERSERVjICE ACTIVITIES ^ — JJDurlng -tne year xn.-
Medical- 'Museum provided specimens and support for the various
courses given at the AFIP. For example, study rooms for
neuropathology were provided with gross material for personnel
attending the Neuropathology course, as well as others who
came to prepare for examinations and engage in special studies.

The Museum provided consultation to the public in the
form of replies to correspondence requesting information of
a medical-historical nature. There were also numerous personal
contacts with visitors to the Museum.

The Museum provided four exhibits for hospitals
throughout the United States and specimens for several "No ■
Smoking Seminars." The Museum also provided tours for high
school students, individuals at the college level, and groups
of student nurses by special arrangement. Every effort is
being made to increase this type of acti'v^tty.

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Due to the large backlog of specimens, the major portion
of the laboratory support was to the various branches of the
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Production during the
second half of 1963 doubled over the level recorded in the
previous year. Special requests from other Government agencies
to have specimens mounted were also complied with.

VISITORS . - The number of visitors to the Medical Museum
daring the year totaled 478,194, of whom 300 were foreign
nationals.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr., MC, USN, Curator

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ORGANIZATION . - The Medical Museum was reorganized in March, with the
Plans Division being replaced by. the Public Services Division, which is.*
responsible for public information, contacts and documents. The Operations
Division consists of the Records and Accessions Branch, Laboratory Branch <
and Maintenance Branch.

PERSONNEL . - On 21 July Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr., MC, USN, was named
Curator; Major Alan B. Cooper, USAF, MC, remained ;a"s, Assistant Curator; A
secretary to the Curator, a clerical assistant in the Records and Accessions
Branch, and a permanent receptionist were employed, and a laboratory chief
with wide experience in macropatho logical techniques was recruited.

^ DEVELOPMENTS . - .The -program .towards .development :and expansion continued
according to the operation and mission outlined , : by The Director, AFIP,

.in .1962. :■■■■*.:

JA,5~y.ear. ^budgeted .program was submitted ;f or inclusion 'in ithe FY .66 bud-
get. 'The program ^provides :for ithe -construction of 124-28 jsystemic .patholpgy
^exhibits -rand TO ^major •pathology — .-.medical •exhibits. !The if ixst :o.f vthese,
ithe ^Neuropathology ^exhibit., was .'combieted ?and sins tabled ^during rthe -year... :£\
ithe .end ;of sthe wear aplans -for ^an 'exhibit „?on nPathoiLogy ^o'f .£the.JGenito .^Urinar:
'System were in "preparation.

Plans for the microscope exhibit involving approximately "3,000 square
feet of space were developed and materials for its construction purchased.
By the end of 1964 construction was approximately 60 percent completed.

Research continued in the laboratory to explore new methods of specimen,
presentation. Most successful in this area was the use of new labels imple-
menting photographic methods on positive film for insertion in specimen con-
tainers. Pre-fabricated containers were ordered which will expedite the
production of specimens.

Supported by laboratory personnel a systematic project of relabeling
and refurbishing specimens in the Hall of Pathology was initiated. In many
instances these specimen exhibits will be reorganized.

Rotation and renovation of exhibits with an active maintenance progr.-uu
was continued. Older exhibits were dismantled and returned to the Scient i.i'J".
Illustration Division while the best of the remaining exhibits were selected
for refurbishing.

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Emphasis was placed on the preparation of a new Manual of Macropathological
Techniques and an improved course of instruction for laboratory personnel. Lab-
oratory students during the year numbered 17.

Recataloguing of the Museum collection continued, all items being carefully
inspected and accessioned. There. was a marked increase in the volume of loans
and accessions. ;

Efforts were continued to maintain good liaison with other similar insti-
tutions in the Washington area. Approximately 50 to 60 major museums in the
United States were contacted in order to study their methods of organization,
accessioning, acknowledgement of gifts and means of procuring support. The
results are now being evaluated.

Schools were encouraged to avail themselves of guided tours specifically
tailored to their curriculums. The program has been very successful with ap-
proximately 50 tours given during the year. The motion picture program con-
tinued in support of the tours.

Pamphlets, city maps, and tourist guide books were screened and their
publishers contacted whenever incorrect information ^concerning :the "Museum
appeared. Twenty- three of the Museum pamphlets and leaf lets were revised and
reprinted.

Inquiries and requests from the public pertaining to vmedicalThistorical
^subjects continued ^to increase. The -number *of visitors «to sthe ^Medical 'Museuni
during the year totaled approximately 451,000."

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr. , MC./USN, Curator.

DEVELOPMENTS. - The program of development and expansion
continued according to the Statement of Policy issued by The Director,
AFIP, in October 1963.

Construction of the genitourinary pathology exhibit neared com-
pletion. Panels were constructed and specimens mounted, and the
text prepared for final editing.

Basic construction of the microscope exhibit is approximately
80 per cent complete.

Plans were approved for an exhibit depicting the history of the
Medical Museum and the AFIP. The exhibit will occupy approxi-
mately 1,500 square feet, and at the end of the year was approxi-
mately 30 per cent complete.

Plans for an orthopedic pathology exhibit were also approved.

The .program of refurbishing and relabeling in the Hall of Pa-
thology is approximately ;40 per :<cent complete. Plans ito .install
displays depicting specific disease entities progressed with the
comoletion of- exhibits on veneral diseases andttub'exculosis.

Instituted during tne year was a program of preparing special
exhibits of current interest such as an exhibit on cholecystitis and
gallstones at the time of President Johnson's illness in the fall of
1965, and on coronary disease at the time of President Eisenhower's
recent hospitalization. These exhibits will be placed in a prominent
location for reasonable lengths of time following which they will be
integrated into the Hall of Pathology.

It was discovered that a large number of the .Museum's pa-
thological specimens are in danger of deterioration. These specimens
are predominantely those stored for long periods of time in the old
black top containers. In many instances chipping or cracking of the
glass containers or damage to the asphalt seals has resulted in
evaporation or leakage of preservative fluid. A program has been
instituted whereby these specimens will be transferred to plastic
bags and cross-indexed according to organ system and pathologic
diagnosis.

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Revision of the Manual of Mac ropathological Techniques progressed.
Compilation of reference material was completed and the basic outli ;
for the text developed.

Final editing of the manuscript for the volume pertaining to the
Billings Microscope Collection was begun.

A total of 85 organized tours of the Museum was arranged for
medical'officer groups, professional visitors, science clubs and
school groups.

The Museum's motion picture program was discontinued due to
lack of interest on the part of visitors. This seemed to be due to a.
busy schedule on the part of visitors in their attempts to visit and see
as many places as possible while in Washington.

There were 543, 680 visitors to the Museum during the year.

Over 300 written requests for information were received rangin;;
from simple request for information concerning a specific subject,
to requests for copies of the Manual of Macropathological Technique;,
or other information pertaining, to the preservation of specimens.

There were 18 requests for loan items. Most of these represer
requests for isizable numbers of individual items to be used in the
'.pxiepaxation iof^his to r.ical exhibits

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" Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr. , MC, USN, Curator

DEVELOPMENTS. - The program of development for the Museum
continued according to the Statement of Policy issued by The Director,
AFIP, in 1963. Of great import was. the; acquisition of 93 microscopes
from a private collection in Europe. Most are 18th century instru-
ments; the extremes being 1675 and 1865. The Medical Museum col-
lection now numbers 600 instruments, about one-third of which will
be used in the new exhibit to depict the development of the micro-
scope.

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Basic construction of the permanent microscope exhibit was com-
pleted. By year's end installation of instruments, text and illustrations
was 50 percent complete.

The script for the genitourinary pathology exhibit was completed,
as was the manuscript. for the volume pertaining to the Billings Micro-
scope Collection; the latter was turned over to the printer in December.

The^exhibit on History of the Medical Museum and Armed. Forces
Institute of Pathology is now 60 percent complete.

The plans- to transfer stored specimens from black top glass
containers :to plastic bags were postponed to allow cooperation with
ithe Federal Committee on Pest Control in a project requiring sample a
of certain tissues which have been sealed since prior to "1942. T*he
program to salvage specimens in danger of deterioration continued.

Special exhibits oh Diseases of the Larynx and on Doctor Peyton
Rous, co-winner of the 1966 Nobel Prize in Medicine, were prepared
and displayed, the latter in cooperation with the Registry of Note-
worthy Research in Pathology.

The Laboratory staff conducted a 2 -day workshop on "Museum
Technics" as part of the program of the Commission on Medical
Technology of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists.

During the year there were 765', T57'Visitors; 1 14 conducted tours ;
277 written requests for information; and 31 requests for loans of
materials.

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Public Law 89-746 of 2 November 1966. authorizes the Secretary
ot the Army to construct an addition to the existing Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology Building on the grounds of the Walter Reed Army
Medical Center The addition is to provide a facility for housing those
functions, mclu ding those of the Medical Museum, presently carried
out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Annex located at
Seventh Street and Independence Avenue, Southwest, Washington U C

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MEDICAL MUSEUM CEREMONY

Viewing a portion of the exhibit, "Evolution of the Microscope," at the formal opening
ceremony at the Medical Museum on 6 June are, left to right, Colonel John B. Coates, Jr.,
MC, USA, Commanding Officer, Valley Forge General Hospital and a speaker on the pro-
gram; Major General Joe M. Blumberg, MC, USA, then The Director of the AFIP; and Dr.
Stanhope Bay ne-J ones.

"The Billings Microscope Collection" volume, a 210-page pictiiri^a-
tion and description of the Medical Museum's historic collection, was
also introduced on 6 June at the exhibit ceremony.

With 395 illustrations, including four color plates, the volume present-
a panorama of mechanical ingenuity and precision workmanship as
represented by the nearly 600 instruments dating from 1590 to the
present. Published by the American Registry of Pathology, one of the
four departments of the Institute, the volume is unmatched in technics-
detail and historical information by any other publication of its type
pertaining to a particular microscope collection.

MEDICAL MU-iFIM

Captain Elgin c. Cowart. Jr., MC.USN. Curator

DEVELOPMENTS - Architect.' n1.„. « ■ ,.
authorized In November 1966 bv Public l!3 Itilf ?*** " the In «itute,
1967; they Included plana for tha "new" l!?" f i "'" c °»I> le "<< tolng
and content have beei tentatively outUnS iLaT^ Exhiblt ^
the wing .ere appropriated In De^e^bTthe^th Cong™ Ctl ° a ° f

285 Instruments t^eted'*^ b1 ?* •■S^ 00 '' " «*^
Collection- was published In'junt ^.tT ' *" B111 *"* 8 Microscope
appropriate formal ceremony at rteMuf!,™ T? "*" """"ted by an
on previous page). 8euo on 6 June - (See photographs

Viet X 08 u ^ons 96 of a „. C r M *a 10 h n : ar °f -"^r note „ere a collection of

Curators! and'fourteen mlcroe^pee'TncludT "^ ,S? lMln8s °' f °™«
microscope. Special exhibits m m.}° ^ * 19W RCA ««««»

Cong weapon. aL cardnT'of V^tl.TZl ^d^laye*: "«

conducted^ ^ ^ """■ "" 571 - 2 " visitor and 118 tours were

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr. , MC.USN, Curator

DEVELOPMENTS - A ground-breaking ceremony for the new Medical Museum
wing at the Institute was held on 22 March and construction commenced soon
thereafter. Instructions to vacate the AFIP Annex resulted in cessation
of all new exhibit, work except that in . preparation for the new wing. The
Museum was officially closed to the public on 4 October at a formal cere-
mony. Dismantling of salvageable exhibits' and packing occupied the staff
until relocation into temporary quarters "commenced on 2 December. Until
^completion of the new wing, . estimated mid-1970, the Museum and the profes-
sional laboratories of the Department of Pathology that were in the Annex
c will be housed at 4200 Connecticut Avenue in Washington, Buildings 1,-8
and 29" of the old National Bureau of Standards site.."

Development, of the Historical Archives was given high priority during
the year. Rapid progress was evidenced by the acquisition of 738 books
and journals. This collection of volumes related to the history of pathol-
ogy, microscopy and military medicine is expected to contribute signifi-
cantly to the Institute's mission of education and research.

Nine models of 19th century ambulances, hospital ships and railroad
cars, such, as were used for the transportation of the -wounded, were obtained
from the Army Medical Museum at the Medical Field Service School, Fort Sam
Houston, Texas. The models had been on loan to the Museum there since the
mid 1930's.

Thirty, microscopes were added to the Billings .Microscope Collection.

A motion picture film, "The Early Mechanical Development of the Micro-
scope," featuring selected instruments from the Billings Microscope Collec-
tion, was. made at the Museum in cooperation with the Photography Division,
Medical Illustration Service, AFIP. The film was shown on closed circuit
television at the annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Associa-
tion and later placed in the AFIP Film Library.

. The entire collection of dental instruments and artifacts was reviewed
and catalogued in loose-leaf form.

The cooperative project begun in 1966 with the Federal Committee on
Pest Control, requiring samples of certain tissues which had been sealed
prior to 1942, was completed in October. In the course of this project,
almost 300 tissue samples were taken from 67 pathological specimens to
serve as controls in the analysis for pesticides in various biological
materials.

From January until 4 October when the Museum building was officially
closed, there were 280,000 visitors to the Museum, including 62 scheduled
tour groups.

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select group of some fifty Society Sn ^ y of Lond ° n and *>t-ed a

The Society was established if IsVln ^Inl for 8 ^ "" "»"ed States,
slon^nd publication of observations ^^t^lt^ll^Z^Z^

(continued)

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

MG Elbert DeCoursey, USA (Ret.), The Director of the AFIP
from 1950 to 1955, delivers the principal address at the offi-
cial closing of the Medical Museum building on 4 October.

Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr., MC..USN, Curator of the
Medical Museum, turns the key locking the door of the
Museum building at the official closing.
In a nostalgic ceremony, staff members of all departments of
the Institute, along with former Curators and Directors of the
Museum and Institute, and invited guests gathered to observe
the historic end of an era that began when the building,
known as the "Old Red Brick", was first occupied in 1887.

The AFIP Annex (left), at 7th
Street and Independence
Avenue in downtown Washing-
ton, D.C., was first occupied
by the Army Medical Museum
as its fifth home in November
1887. Following the perma-
nent closing of the building on
4 October, the Museum, re-
search activities, and other
elements of the Institute
housed there began a move to
temporary quarters to await
the completion of the new
Medical Museum addition to
the AFIP building on the
grounds of Walter Reed Army
Medical Center scheduled for
1970.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM
.Helen R. Purtle, Acting Curator

The Medical Museum is dedicated to the collection, preservation
and display of medical material of scientific and historic value It
provides instruction for members of the Armed Forces, research facili-
ties for .the medical profession, and maintains displays for review
and study. ■ ■;>.:■.(•■ —■<■:■; -._■ . r . * ...,

.'Captain Elgin C. Cowart, ■ Jr. , MC, USN, Curator rof the Medical
Museum since August 1964, was reassigned to the hospital ship .
USS Sanctuary" on 8 October 1969. ~

The Medicalc-Miseum has been housed in Buildings 1, 8 and 29
at thejld National Bureau of Standards site, 4200 Connecticut Avenue
,in Washington, D.C. since January 1969.:. During occupancy of -these
temporary quarters, there has been no public display; however, some
exhibits have been installed on the fifth floor, of Building 1 for
tt T;'™ 8 t ?L f tudent8 ' ' Pending completion - d£ the south wing to
the AFIP building, which -will contain. the Medical tMuseum, -the: staff
*?? JJ£ T1 ^ S ener S ies to Planning new exhibits. The Chief of the
Scientific Illustration Division, Medical Illustration Service, was
loaned to assist in preparation of new concepts and designs . :

(Si* hundred and twenty-five publications relating to the history
Pf pathology, microscopy, and military medicine have been acquired

^^^^^ m °—^ atth±Ves ' «* 19 "icroacopes have been
added to the Billings Microscope Collection. A series of wax models
showing oral cancerous lesions prepared by Captain William S. Bainbridge,
Si'M^V T^ c ° llection of early ophthalmological instruments and
testing devices, and a cardial pacer, which belonged to General Dwight
D. Eisenhower, are included-in the 471 accessions of medical artifacts.

The Museum laboratory pursued an active program in the preparation
of specimens for the proposed professional museum as well as mounting
78 specimens for use in the Institute's neuropathology course. Three
physicians received f total of 72 hours of training £ macropathology
techniques. At year's end, four of the specialty pathology collections
had been reviewed by the appropriate branch chief s'and thSr reco^-
datW activated. Physicians, scientists, and medically-oriented
laymen have successfully utilized the resources of the Museum's his-
ronM f^ iV6S u in S6arCh ° f highly s P e cialized data.. The loan program
artifact ? hrou f out / h e Year and exhibits, medical illustrations! -S"r
mtut^t\ haVe , b f en ^rnished to medical societies, medical schools,
military hospitals, and the National Library of Medicine.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

Colonel Gordon W. Vacura, V.C, USA, Curator

The Medical Museum collects, preserves and displays selected
medical materials and artifacts of scientific and historical interest;
develops research facilities in museum techniques for the medical
profession; and presents information to the general public. The
Center for Advanced Study in Pathology was established this year
as a branch of the Museum to provide an educational facility for
postdoctoral training.

The Museum staff devoted all available time in 1970 to the
planning of exhibits for the new Museum. The Assistant to the
Chief of the Medical Illustration Service for Museum Design was
engaged in full-time designing of Museum exhibits. A contract
was awarded for the construction of exhibits for the Halls of
Instruments and Current Events at a cost of $128,365.00. Speci-
fications for the Hall of History were submitted to Purchasing
and Contracting Branch, WRAMC, but at year's end, the bid had not
been awarded.

Dr. Esmond R. Long served as Consultant to the Museum on
several occasions and was of inestimable help in developing an
exhibit on the History of Pathology. Division and branch chiefs
of the Institute's Department of Pathology gave generously of
their time in selecting suitable material for the Hall of Current
Events. Several of the laboratory supply firms contributed furni-
ture and equipment for the model of a modern histology laboratory.

Included in the 312 new accessions were: The oil portrait, of
General William A. Hammond, founder of the Army Medical Museum,
which was transferred from the National Library of Medicine; an
original diamond knife, developed by Dr. H. Fernandez -Moran in
the early 1950' s; collections of instruments and research materials
from the estates of Dr. /Peyton Rous, Dr. Jonas Fridehwald, Colonel
Adam E". v Schlanser . and General Howard Snyder. Eleven microscopes,
including three historic electron microscopes, were added to The
Billings Microscope Collection.

Sixty-five publications relating to the history of pathology,
microscopy and military medicine were acquired for the Museum's
Historical Archives, and approximately 200 books pertaining to the
early history of the Museum were rebound.

(continued)

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Among the Museum items loaned during the year was the massive
statue of Dr. Samuel D. Gross, loaned to the Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia. Permission was given to the National
Gallary of Art to send the Museum's oil portrait of- John Hill'
Brinton, first Curator of the Museum, to the Whitney Museum of
American Art for an exhibition of Thomas Eakins' works.

The Macropathology Laboratory mounted 206 specimens for
display purposes and 57 specimens for the annual neuropathology
course, as well as pursued an active program in the remounting
and rebagging of storage items. Two students received a total
of 48 hours of training in macropathology techniques.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM WING NEARS COMPLETION

Two views 'of the Medical Museum wing to the AFIP building as it neared completion at the end of 1970.
Reopening of the Museum is scheduled for 21 May 1971.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM
Colonel Gordon W. Vacura, VC, USA, Curator

A member of the Museum staff served as the contracting
officer's representative in overseeing the installation of the
Halls of Instruments and Current Events. Completion of the
Hall of Pathology was a function of the staff. A contract for
the construction of exhibits for the Hall of History was awarded
on 27 January 1971 with installation to be accomplished by
1 May.

( The Museum was formally reopened in its new facility on
21 May,, the 109th anniversary of its founding, by the three
Surgeons General of the military services with three of the
four exhibit halls completed. The Brinton Hall of History was .
completed the Latter part of July. A reception was held in
this hall on 6 August for Judge Jasper Y. Brinton of Cairo,
Egypt and. his near relatives. He is the 93-year-old son of
John Hill Brinton, the first Curator of the Museum.

The move from the Museum's temporary quarters in the old
Bureau of Standards facility at Van Ness Street and Connecticut
Avenue in Washington was accomplished by 1 August. During
October shelving and cabinets were erected in the storage area
of the Museum. At year's end, one-fourth of the Museum's
accessions had been properly catalogued and stored.

During the first seven months, 28,216 people visited the
Museum, including 72 groups given conducted tours. Guest
speakers., who. included MG Colin Vorder Bruegge, Commanding
General of Walter Reed Army Medical Center; Mr. Myron J. Arnold,
Public Health Advisor, Health and Consumer Education Division,
District of Columbia Government; Captain Bruce H. Smith,
Colonel R. C. Froede and Colonel M. Vw R. Freeman of the
Institute, gave lectures to various groups.

The Museum's loan program assisted the Fort Point Museum,
Presidio of San Francisco, in selecting 50 items of medical
interest suitable for their late 19th century dispensary.

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Exhibit material on Walter Reed was lent to the. Franklin Mint,
Philadelphia, to be incorporated in their "Gallery of Great
Americans." Other loans included anthropological, instruments
to the International Business Machines Corporation, New York;
an early microscope to the Georgia Historical Commission for
the Crawford W. Long Medical Museum; and medico-historical
items pertaining to Dr. Robert Koch for Walter Cronkite s pro-
gram, "You Are There," telecasted 4 December. Also, Mr. Peter
Watkins, National Talent Company, New York, photographed
historical items for use in a documentary film on the Battle
of Antietam.

Accessions during the year included 5 antique microscopes,
2 electron microscopes, 28 surgical instruments, 26 plastic
surgery models, 68 books on pathology and microscopy, and a
series of medals on the history of medicine and dentistry.
The National Library of Medicine presented an oil portrait of
Surgeon General Joseph K. Barnes to commemorate the opening
' of, the new Museum.

Designs for new. exhibits on "Stroke," "Medallic History
of Medicine and Dentistry," and "U. S. Army Nurse Corps were
forwarded to the Medical Illustration Service, AFIP, for con-
struction.

During the latter part of the year and with the coopera-
tion of Dr. Martin Rush of New Jersey', a program was instituted
to solicit gross pathology specimens of museum quality from
pathologists throughout the country.

A 4,000-word article on the history, of the microscope for
inclusion in the Encyclopedia . of Microacopy and. Microtechnique
was prepared at the request of Dr. Peter Gray, University of
Pittsburgh.

The Curator addressed the Civil War Round Table of the
Vanderburgh Court House, Evansville, Indiana, on the "Role of
the Medical Museum in the War of the Rebellion', and partici-
pated in a 15-minute radio .interview, in Owensboro, Kentucky.
He was also .a .guest speaker at the Fifth U. S. Army Veterinary
Training Conference at San Antonio, Texas. In addition, the
Curator visited 29 museums in Texas, Kentucky, Pennsylvania
and the District of Columbia.

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MEDICAL MUSBITM
Go lonel Gordon W.Vacura,VC, USA, Curator

M i, Med ; ca ; f seum collects, preserves and displays selected
profession;, and present, information to the 8 1n"al pubUc! "'

=Iall S r p«hoJai ear / Pr ° 8 ' a,n ° f "'""-oriented exhibits for the
biding was^elun ThXtv ^ ° £ "" " ln<iOW dlSpU * 8 i° ">e Institute
end afS rrevX-^bLTSre d^ayeT" 6 " **""" "~ d " l8 °' d

was ^SSI.Si'SS^'^rS^f V" ^ """' ««»•■

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Sf Air Fo£ ^ N „rse ^LTS* "^ 2" »*— «i™.^£ Navy
attended the opening c2eeoSes ° UrSe8 *° ""^ ln "» W "" *

A new traveiing Museum exhibit was shown at two scientific meetings.

Forensic' PaSoTogV^our^sIf ^t^ZTT ^ «-"■««■* -
for study by the^egistrantsf Instltut * »' -king available specimens

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of Medical Materiel Defense p.™^; <! Reauest ™ s made to the Directorate
Mechanicsburg, PA? to dona" e medicTLSPsuitableT "•*—.»•»«*.

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A concerted publicity effort in behalf of the Museum was rewarded
with radio announcements, several lengthy articles published in military
and medical publications, weekly notices of special Museum activities in
the local press, and entries in various tourist guides. Arrangements
were made with the Atomic Energy Commission and the American Cancer
Society to borrow films for showing to school groups.

Museum leaflets were distributed through the Smithsonian Institution,
the National Archives, and the Gettysburg National Military Park. Loans
of Museum items were made to the National Library of Medicine, University
of Baltimore and other governmental and civilian agencies. Assistance
was given to a newly established medical museum of the Nassau County
Medical Examiners Office, Long Island, NY, with the loan of selected
Museum items.

The Museum Laboratory became operable in April although equipment
was not completely installed. It has continued routine refurbishing,
embedding and wet-mounting for a total of 979 specimens.

The resources of the Otis Archives were made available to student
historians, freelance writers, physicians, and teachers.

The Russell Auditorium of the Museum was used not only for organized
visiting groups, but for professional classes and medical societies and
organizations such as the D.C. Dietetic Association, the Washington-
Baltimore Psychoanalytic Association, Medical Career Club and the
Washington Society for the History of Medicine.

During the year there were 65,688 visitors including 173 school
groups.

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MEDICAL MUSEUM

Colonel Gordon W. Vacura, VC, USA, Curator of the Museum '.'retired" from
'.military service in June 1973, and Colonel Joshua E. Henderson, VC, USA.was
named Curator. Miss Helen R. Purtle, Museum Specialist, retired, and Mrs.
Joyce W. Garris, Archivist, resigned during the year. Miss Purtle had a long and
distinguished career on the Museum staff, and was an editor of the Billings
Microscope Collection volume, the first of its kind, as well as custodian of the
Museum's Billings Collection, the most comprehensive microscope collection in
the world numbering nearly 700 instruments. She was also an expert on
microscopes, particularly their history, mechanical components, and their part in
the advancement of medical and scientific knowledge covering nearly four
centuries.

There were 47 new exhibits designed during the year; 3,21 1 medical items were
accessioned; hundreds of Museum items were sent on loan to 37 museums in
the' United States; 690 specimens Were mounted; visiting professional and lay
personnel received 144 hours of instruction in macropathological preservation
techniques; and over 60.000 visitors, including 205 school groups, were guests
in the Museum.

AMERICAN REGISTRY OF
PATHOLOGY

The Registry continued to function in medical research and education linking
the Institute to the civilian medical profession.

Colonel James L. Hansen, MC, USA was succeeded in July by Captain William
A. Schrader, MC.USN as Scientific Director of the Registry.

In July the Registry's Loan Office was transferred to the jurisdiction of the
institute's Associate Director for Education.

Work continued on study sets. "Surgical Pathology, Part II" was completed in
November and comprises 100 microscopic slides and a syllabus; a set on
"Diagnostically Difficult Breast Lesions" and "Seminar on Gynecological
Pathology" was donated by the Chicago Society of Pathologists; three new
clinicopathologic conferences were prepared by the Institute's professional
staff; and study sets in progress were ENT, General Gross Pathology, GU, and
Skin Diseases of the Dog.

A new fascicle, "Tumors of Esophagus and Stomach" was published in
October. Of the 32,789 fascicles of the first and second series sold in 1973,
12,325 were sent to 62 foreign countries and territories.

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ARMED FORCES
MEDICAL MUSEUM

When the Institute was reorganized in August, a reorganization of the Medical
Museum was also effected, creating a Museum Support Services in addition to
the existing staff elements. At the same time the name of the Museum was
changed to Armed Forces Medical Museum.

Chauncey G. Bly, M.D., Deputy Curator; and Miss Ann E. Heslop, Archivist;
joined the staff in October. Paul Ng Tuan Tee, a Malaysian museologist, began a
year's training fellowship in July sponsored by the International Rotary
Foundation.

"The largest acquisition of the year was the distinctive Yakbvlev Collection-
consisting of 250,000 stained gross and microscopic slides from 900 normal and
pathological brainVand spinal cords with viewing instrumentation appertaining.
Additionally, 2,700 medical items were acquired and accessioned. The loan
program was especially active due to the Nation's impending Bicentennial
celebration.

The Museum's laboratory processed and / or prepared 550 projects and
specimens and conducted 400 hours of special training in macropathological
preservation techniques.

Approximately 50,000 visitors viewed the displays of the public museum prior to
31 October when the Museum was closed. Displays were placed in storage to
permit two of the four main halls to be converted. to offices, classrooms and>
laboratories incident to the needs of temporary quarters for the Uniformed
Services University pf.the Health Sciences which will begin operations in the fall
of 1975. The Museum closure is expected to continue for approximately two
years or until permanent buildings are constructed elsewhere for the new
university.

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ARMED FORCES
MEDICAL MUSEUM

Chaiihcey G. Bly, M.D., Associate Director .

Colonel Joshua E. Henderson, VC, U.S. Army, Curator of the Museum, retired
from military service in May and Chauncey G. Bly, M.D. was named tosucceed
him. Later in the year.the title of Curator was changed to that of Associate
Director for the ArmedForces Medical Museum.

Following the manpower survey in the fourth quarter of the year, the Museum
was reorganized into three divisions, Collections. Professional Services and
Technical Services.

Despite the fact that the display halls of the Museum were closed to the public
some 3,200 inquiries and consultation requests were received relating to
pathology, microscopes and other instruments, and military medical history
More than 19,800 medical items were acquired during the year and 1,500 were
accessioned, the largest group being that from the estate of Pulmonary
Pathologist A.J. Vorwald. The Museum's loan program continued with some
150 loans in connection with the United States' Bicentennial, and in the
providing of exhibits and programs for the Department of the Army events of
14 June, and those of the U.S. Army Medical Department, Military District of
Washington, and Walter Reed Army Medical Center on 27 July In a recent
inventory of the Museum's 1 9 collections, it was noted that the number of items
now totals more than 412,000.

In the Professional Services Division a major exhibit was prepared consisting
of 32 representative microscopes from the Billings Collection for showing as a
Bicentennial feature at the National Library of Medicine. Also prepared were 10
new exhibits for the AFIP lobby, and 9 special window displays throughout the
building.

Since the Yakoyley Collection was opened to other than Institute investigators
in late 1974, more than 200 professional individuals have taken advantage of
the opportunity, 34 research projects were begun, and over 1 ,150 photographs
were made. The Otis Historical Archives and the Billings Microscope
Collection also received attention from investigators seeking research
material, bibliographies, reprints and photographs.

The Technical Services Division laboratory personnel continued to produce
new wet mounts, plastic embedments, and refurbished pathologic specimens
They also provided macropathology training as resources permitted

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ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Th« Medical Museum staff researched and responded to 120 significant
re£a rc h^Sestt Zng the year. Approximately M^^M*
iho MnoAiim to examine objects, peruse archival materials, acquire reprints
S WwimSfflfftS photographs Many of these visitors also toured
the Billings Microscope Collection and Museum storage area.

tho Miioeum Laboratory processed 807 specimens and conducted 140

*3LZ£Z?r2£& Spent approximately ™*™^?jfi*Z
Museum staff to reorganize, catalogue and properly diagnose 4,000 gross

pathology specimens.

The Yakovlev Collection was visited by 166 Individuals, and 39 Investigators
u^SSntM* collection of ^**EE^*$%^
In June Dr Paul I. Yakovlev donated his library, consisting of 2.500 medico.
neuroTnSomy and neuropathology volumes, which is an integral part of this
Collection.

The Collections Management Office accessioned 197 new acquisitions and
prSsSS 2*5 loans "^proximately 5.000 Items from the stamp umform
document, and Instrument collections were inventoried Two d. ti nc«ve
collections received this year were a priceless group of 140 x-ray xuDes
SoSd bv D? WiUiam H. Shehadl, Greenwich. Connecticut, and a collection
^^r&^MSloSil specimens donated by Dr. Eunice S. G. Waters. Imo.a.
California.

The Otis Historical Archives received and catalogued 895 ■ books, journala.
oublications and original research materials. The most significant
SontSn'was acolleltion of researc^ material from Dr. Norman W. Elton.
Sun City. Arizona on the yellow fever"wave of 1948-49,

in October Chauncey G. Bly. M.D.. Associate Director for the Medical
Museu^m reigned to accept a position with the National Cancer Institute; a new
Museum nSS has ^o t yet been selected. Meanwhile. Dr. Lent C. Johnson
ChSn Department ofOrthopedlc Pathology. AFI P. •sfurnlsWns (content
material for the portion of the Museum which is being redesigned for the 21
X 1 978 reopen'Sg The structural design has been completed and approved
anc I many ^obstruction and elevation drawings have been completed^When
?he Sum reopens, exhibits in the redesigned area will focus on he
evolution of disease as it corresponds to the evolution of man and his changing
environments, economies, and energy systems.

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ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

During the year the staff responded to approximately 1 1 significant research
requests. Approximately 65 scholars visited the Museum to examine objects,
peruse archival materials, acquire reprints and bibliographies, and take
photographs. Many also toured the Billings Microscope Collection and Museum
storage areas.

The Museum Laboratory processed 620 specimens and conducted 27 hours of
special training in macropathology techniques. In October the Museum
established a continuous lending program with the' Uhiformed Services
University of the Health Sciences. The Museum agreed to furnish the medical
school with gross specimens to be used as teaching aids in conjunction with
anatomy courses. Since the program began 1 59 specimens have been loaned to
the University.

The Yakdvlev CpHection was visited by 162 individuals and 34 investigators
utilized this comprehensive collection of normal and pathological brain slides.
One of the most notable research projects undertaken in the Collection this year
was a study conducted by Professor H. J. Kretschmann and four assistants from
Hanover, West Germany. Utilizing electronic equipment. Professor
Kretschmann and his assistants conducted a planimetric quantitative study of
regional development of the human brain and its component structures.
Professor Kretschmann plans to return in 1978 to expand his study. In
November the Yakovlev Collection was transferred to the Department of
Neuropathology, AFIP for administrative accountability.

The Collections Management Office accessioned 184 new acquisitions and
processed 20 loans. Approsimately 5,000 items from the instrument,
pharmaceutical, armament, microscope, and microtome collections were
inventoried. Three distinctive electron microscopes were added to the Billings
Microscope Collection during the year. They were an RCA-EMU-2A model
donated by the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.; an RCA-EMC-MI- 12954 model
donated by RCA Limited, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and a TRS-50-E1
model donated by Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Ml.

The Otis Historical Archives received and catalogued 319 books, journals,
publications, and original research materials. The most significant contribution
of the year was a letter written by Walter Reed on 1 9 January 1 872 while.he was
working at Brooklyn City Hospital. The letter was donated by Dr Bennett M
Derby, New York, NY.

The position of Associate Director for the Medical Museum remained unfilled ,
in 1977, and I plans for reopening of the Museum in 1978 are in abeyance
pending the refurbishing of Museum areas formerly occupied by the Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences.

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ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Edward R. White, M.D., J. D., Associate Director

The Museum was reopened on I September with appropriate
ceremonies, and by December 639 individuals had availed
themselves of the opportunity to view the numerous exhibits on
medical history, contributions to medicine by the military
services, medical instruments and devices, pathology specimens
and current medical knowledge.

Edward R. White, M.D., J. D., formerly Chief of the Institute's
Division of Legal Medicine, was appointed Associate Director for'
the Museum in February.

The highlight of the;- year was the formal, reopening, of the Museum
which followed a 264-hour effort of enlisted military personnel of
the Institute to refurbish, set up and reassemble the exhibits in time
for the reopening. Since the reopening, the public has visited the
Museum seven days a week and their response, has been gratifying
to the Museum staff. The ceremonies were presided over by the
Institute's Director, Captain Elgin C. Cowart, Jr., MC, U.S.
Navy. Among those present were Colonel James E. Ash, USA
(Ret.), Curator of the Museum from 1929 to 1931 and 1937 to 1946,
and the First Director of the Army Institute of Pathology in 1946.
Also present were former Directors of the Institute, MG Joe M.
Blumberg, MC, USA (Ret.), Captain Bruce H. Smith, MC, USN
(Ret.), and Colonel Frank M. Townsend, USAF, MC (Ret.).

The Museum staff continued service to researchers, training
of professionals, and an in-depth evaluation of Museum holdings.
Significant achievements were the receipt of 663 new specimens,
artifacts, books and journals; 21,478 items researched,
inventoried and catalogued; 133 scholars aided or trained as
professionals; 49 special services and tours for professionals;
442 specimens and artifacts loaned; and 172 research responses
made to scholars.

Professional organizations served by loans and research included
Gorgas Memorial Institute; the Center for Military History;
Alexandria Bicentennial; Office of the Surgeon General, DA; the
Smithsonian Institution; Mutter Museum of Philadelphia; Military
Museum of the West; Fort McHenry Museum; Baltimore City
Library; Walter Reed Army Medical Center and the Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences.

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ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

(Edward R. White, M.D., J.D., Associate Director

The mission of the Armed Forces Medical Museum is to collect,
identify, evaluate, document, organize, catalog and computerize
materials, specimens and books obtained from the Army, Navy, Air
Force and other Federal and civilian sources which are related to human
and comparative diseases and to the history, practice, contributions and
future of military medicine; conserve, protect and preserve the collections,
historical records and archives; utilize the collections, records and
archives to prepare static and traveling displays, exhibits, films, slides,
loans and presentations for medical and public education and special
events; foster scholarly research and publications, teaching in the
history of medicine, training in technology, improvement of methodology,
and active inter physician and intermuseologist consultations; serve as
a local, regional, national and international resource of health care
information, and educational aids and materials for in-house fellows,
health care professionals and all levels of. educational institutions; and
maintain and staff an active medical museum which is open seven days a
week to the public, both professional and. .nonprofessional personnel.

The Museum provides instructional research and consultation services
in the effects of disease, trauma and aging, upon man and animal, the
histories of disease,, the history of military medicine, the history of
medicine, men , of medicine and science to U.S. government military and
civilian units and agencies, national and international academic -
institutions, professional and public units and individuals. The Museum
staff provides consultative services in natural sciences, medical sciences
and the history. of medicine. These services include research, requests,
advice on ; audio-visual material v and displays, preservation and study, of
pathology specimens, and current methods of medical education. Units
served included the. Departments of Army, Navy and Air Force; the
military surgeons general; the Departments of Justice, Agriculture and
Health, Education, and Welfare; Center of Military History, Veterans
Administration,: Adjutant General, the Congress of the United States
and .580 other. Federal, state and local, governments and private
.institutions. Mail/phone inquiries prompted 1,338 research efforts.
More extensive efforts were required in 288 projects.

The Museum also provided overall supervision and direction for
technology training programs on an individual request basis through the
divisions of the Museum. The staff provided guidance and ensured
adequate facilities for the progrms and seminars of the Center for

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194*

Advanced Medical Education, AFIP; the utilization of the various
collections of specimens of disease artifacts by institutions and
individuals; and tours, seminars and current health care information
lectures to professional and public institutions, groups, and
individuals. The staff also provided guidance and support for civilian
and military participating in Museum fellowships in health care and
history of medicine.

The staff of the Museum acted as custodian and advisor for numeroo :
collections of historical documents as well as normal and abnormal
human and animal tissue utilized by the departments of the AFIP, nation
and international institutions and individuals. The staff maintained,
administered and supplemented these collections by current knowledge,
new specimens and research techniques along with the acquisition of
col lections and material whose preservation would otherwise be
impossible.

The Museum staff activated the following collections for research
scientists: Orthopedic Pathology Tumor Collection. Inventory and
filing of gross pathology slides and gross specimens in association with
the Department of Orthopedic Pathology at AFIP; Arthur John Vorwalef
Collection of Pulmonary Diseases, 16 tons of material, 20,000 items,
90% completed; completed research files ; of personal papers of milita'ry
and civilian medical "science notables. Thiswas formerly Registry of
Noteworthy Pathorbgy; William H. ShehadiXol lection of X-ray tubes
and equipment; Yakovlev Collection of the gross pathology of the
mammalian brain; and the Smetana Hemorrhagic Fever studies:

The Otis Archives of the Museum assumed a predominant place for
those interested in historical documentation of-diseases, progress of
medical education and treatment as well as notables in medicine. In -r
quiet library atmosphere old books, papers, personal information and
many historical artifacts including paintings and photographs were
available to researchers. = >' •'•••• ■■.-.< ;"■•:''

The public viewing area of the Museum wasr open 360 days, '6 hours
daily including weekends. The staff of the Museum developed a
comprehensive health care current events program utilizing educational
films, lectures, chiefly by the Museum's Associate Director, featuring
discussion sessions on selected topics. For college, high school, and
elementary school there were 148 tours with 6, 193 persons attending,
139 films shown, and 1 14 lectures given. For professional groups and
individuals there were 134 tours, 625 persons attending, 27 films shown,
and 67 lectures given.

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The use of the Museum's multiple assets increased in 1979 at a
geometric rate. By history and position, the Museum has assumed a
commanding position in health care science, particularly in the medica
profession. The Museum's resources will continue to be developed and
utilized by all levels of health care education professionals. Elementary
school students as well as specialized health care professionals use the
Museum's resources for ongoing education and research.

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ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Edward R. White, M.D., J.D., Associate Director ..
The mission of the Museum is to collect, identify, evaluate document

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ond archives to prepare static and t^J^Tk^J^^TiT^

which is open -7 days a week to the public, both professional and
nonprofessional personnel. ««ionai ana

th J h A e ff M ; Se 7 P rovId «d instructional research and consultation services in

medicine and science to ll s rL c,ne ' ™. e h, ^°ry of medicine, men of

v.me ana science to U.S. Government mi tary and civilian unl* nn A

andH^^hTnd'Lt^icl'Te'ut FT* "J"!"' *^»

instihrfJnnc a>u-i / l • 0cal governments and private

msMutions Ariail/phone inquiries prompted research efforts fotalfoc i 1 999
More extens.ve efforts were required on 518 projects- 1 299 D „w? i
were directly served by consultation. ' ' P rofess,ona| s

The Museum provided overall supervision and direction for te e h„„l,w,
framing programs on an individual request basis Tht l^ff I ? X

guidance and ensured adequate feclTST for T The staff a '*> Provided
'he Center for Advance JEE , *% ^ Q n AnP^Zr^TZ ° f
various collections of specimens of disease ;^cts by S^
•nd.v.duals; tours, seminars and current health care in^m at * Ss to

professional and public institutions, groups, and individuals. The staff^ ■

also provided guidance and support for civilians and military participating j

in Museum fellowships in health care and the history of medicine. I

The staff of the Museum acted as custodian and advisor for numerous ;

collections of historical documents as well as normal and abnormal human ■
and animal tissue utilized by the departments of the AFIP, national and

international institutions and individuals. The staff maintained, administered , ■

and supplemented these collections by current knowledge, new specimens ■
and research techniques along with the acquisition of collections and

material whose preservation would otherwise be impossible. _

1
The Museum staff activated the following collections for research

scientists: Orthopedic pathology tumor collection. Inventory and filing _

of gross pathology slides and gross specimens in association with the Jj

Department of Orthopedic Pathology at AFIP; Arthur John Vorwa Id collection

of pulmonary diseases, 1,500 private cases of industrial inhalant exposure and

1,000 animal experiments; research historical files of personal papers of military

and civilian medical science notables; Woodward's pioneer photomicroscope

collection; the Yakovlev collection of gross anatomy and pathology of the ^

mammalian brain, 900 cases, 3,000,000 individual tissue cuts, 300,000 £

stained sections; and the Smetana hemorrhagic fever studies (Korea), tissue

slides and electron microscope studies.

The Otis Archives offered a rich source for those interested in historical
documentation of diseases, progress of medical education and treatment as
well as notables in medicine. In a quiet library atmosphere researchers
found old books, papers, personal information and many historical artifacts
including paintings and photographs.

The public viewing area of the Museum was open 360 days, 6 hours daily
including weekends. The staff of the Museum developed a comprehensive
health care current events program utilizing educational films and lectures
featuring discussion sessions on selected topics. The secretary for the Museum
scheduled and arranged topics and health care audio-visual aids with the
responsible unit of the academic group. Included in the program were
college, high school, elementary schools, 139 tours, 6,335 persons attending,
131 films shown, and 125 lectures given, and professional groups and ■

individuals 122 tours, 1,631 persons attending, 47 films shown, and 54 lectures T <|

given.

In 1980 the use of the Museum's multiple assets increased at a geometric. HB

rate. By history and position, the Museum has assumed a commanding,
position in health care science and particularly in the medical profession. Jjl

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students as well « ZStaJSr P«*-<«b. Elemental school

resources for «» W ^^t^™Z^% 1 l, "•."" *"«
Position is supportive of AFIP and „II^T J he . M,seum '' professional

- o f ouoio-Xuo, ^:^^rrjK£..

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ArMr\ur>[ |2 yvA fif?(

int

ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Edward R. White, M.D., J.D., Associate Director

flW^TM! 1 "!? ° f the A™^ forces Medical Museum is to:
(1) collect, identify, evaluate, document, organize, catalog and

IZr I' 6 m A T T i aU ' SPeClmenS and books obtained from the
Army Navy, Air Force and other federal and civilian sources

Mstorv" r6la ^ d t0 hUmaa 3ad C -P«a"ve diseases and to the
^l?' ?of CtlCe ' co ^ributions and future of military
medicine; (2) conserve, protect and preserve the collections
historical records and archives; (3) utilize the collections
records and archives to prepare static and traveling displays'
:* tS :/ U ;;' SUdeS * loanS and Pre.ent.tion. for medicaj 2nd ■

research Z*Z'< *?< 8PeClal eVCnt8; (4) foster scholarly
research and publications, teaching in the history of medicine

training in technology, improvement of methodology, and active
interphysician and inter-museologist consultations; (5) serve Is
c«'iSS.^ national and international resou'rce of hlalth
ff inf °™ation, and educational aids and materials for
in-house fellows, health care professionals and all levels of
m d di a ^ 0nal lQSt f; utioQs i ^d (6) maintain and staff an activf
medical museum which is open seven days a week to the public
both professional and non-professional personnel. '

The Museum provides instructional research and consultation

1Z /? ,* fc K e 6ffeCtS ° f «—" .-tr.«». and aging upon m^n
and animal the histories of disease, the history of military
medicine, the history of medicine, men of medicine and sciencl
to U.S. government military and civilian units and agencies
national and international academic institutions, proSssionai
and public units and individuals. The museum staff proves
consultative services in natural sciences, medical sciences and

=To7 m^c^u-tir^ts-^d 3 ' in^de"

^ry^ter ^ ^ — ^^ ^'« »< *^
!I™k 7 * J eterans Administration, Adjutant General, the several

3SX" a°nd COI S> re 7 ° f the Unlt6d Stat6S and 817 other Fedlral!
M» a w k , ° al 8 overnme nts and private institutions
Mail/phone inquiries prompted research er forts totaling '2 loT
More extensive efforts were required in 905 prelects 16
professionals were directly served by consultation. ' '

The Museum also provides overall supervision and direction for

*t4»'

ADP capabilities. Major resources were committed to the
implementation of the Pathology Case Management System.

PATHOLOGY CASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PACAMS) - This on-line'
system is designed to provide 24-hour accessioning for all
consultations, improve management of case materials, and improve
management^ information available on case status.. The ,systei» wis

SST £ lfarch \ 1981 on a Hewlett-Packard 3000 SeriW III
Computer. The turnkey contractor of the PACAMS i/system
Automation Corporation of Silver Spring, MD. PSID support to

tLti^W 3 "^ r° SlSted ° f data ba8e -nversi6n, PP syst e ;
have been i£L rl *£*' COntract of changes and ./enhancements
have been made to the system. The system now selves over 40

Jhr^out T, "***' * PlanS f ° r 1982 include i-Provement in the
thruput and response time, better case location tracking
improved consultation, improved search strategies, improved dafa

t°rolTl° a met < h ° dS ^fp.n.i.intv.tion-^i present work
processing equipment, better backup facilities (dual processors)
and improved managment information support. ;

ADP SUPPORT - The Over Forty Cardiovascular Screening Program
(required by AR 40-501) was implemented in June 198? on tte
Hewlett-Packard System 3000. Other systems are being redesigned
and programmed for interactive use on the HP as resources

(bSpI'w* ^ ""J 7 }T the UCLA /Bio»e^cal Statistical Progra^
(BMDP) was acquired for the Hewlett-Packard 3000 Computer. Use^
of this improved interactive /package greatly reduced orodS
turnaround time for AFIP research staff . K reduced product

CPU^ithT 6 al8 °, ^ nltlat ^ for "placement of an Interdata 70
2 4£ ^e^^T ^ lD thC ^^^ apartment to aid

TIME-SHARING SERVICES - The MEDLARS/MEDLINE computerized

Mbrlrv" 6 ^^i 6 ^ 1 Service ™* obtained for the use of the ASH

^"e^ar 8 ^^"^ 811 ^ C r PUterUed ^^-l/Legallnf ormatiS
Retrieval System was obtained for the Department, of Lesal

£2 5?«*W bn! and 3 tlme -«^ing service to Ft. be trick is

^S^ he "" Medlcal *™« *•*■«* 4^°*

for°T^f I0N f STEM ' Mded by the 7th S1 ^ al Command, Plans
In7or^°;, P T° Ved , COmmUnlCatl0ns 3 ? Bt * m keying Army Base
Information Transfer System (ARBITS) technology are well aS

oMrFY ;^ 151 ! 611 ^" 011 ; ^^ *"*"•«£" *.*"£ earif ■■ .
the LllJtL f° C l ° 0pl T eted ' the new "ble system will allow\
assets. Institute's word and data processing

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technology training program on an individual request basis
through the several divisions of the Museum. The staff provides
guidance and ensures adequate facilities for the programs and
seminars of the Center for Advanced Medical Education (AFIP)-
the utilization of the various collections of specimens of
tttr Se art i facts b ? institutions and individuals; tours
seminars and current health care information lectures to

S .t'-ir 1 , 3nd ^i 10 lnstitutions ' '«*?«*. *nd individuals
The staff also provides guidance and support for civilians and

Si^r^sf - ln Museun Fellowship8 in Heaith ™° £

ad^o/f 3 " ° f the Med±Cal MuSeUm aCts as a custodian and
advisor for numerous collections of historical documents as well
as normal and abnormal human and animal tissue utilized bv the
Department of the AFIP, national and international institutions
and individuals. The staff maintains, administrates and
supplements these collections by current knowledge 8 new

collect? 8 3nd J 636 " 011 technl « ues -long with the acquisition of
collections and material whose preservation would otherwise be

S e ' tfl Ihe fOU ° i r ln8 Collectio - of tissue and cases %£
Direccor AFIP: "^^ •""«**' UP °° --PP"""- to the

a. Orthopedic Pathology Tumor Collection. Inventory and
filing of microscopic and gross pathology slides and aross
specimens in ^association with the Department of Orthopedic
Pathology at AFIP (Primarily bone neoplasms). "nopedic

b. Arthur John Vorwald Collection of Pulmonary Disease (1,800
exp^rimentT 8 °' indUStrlal lnhaleQt «P»-» and 1,200 anill

-nS'r^'if" 11 hlstorlcal file * of personal papers of military
and civilian medical science notables (The Hall of Fame of
Military and American Medicine).

Slides. WO ° dWard,S Pi ° aeer Collectlon of Microscopic Glass Tissue

fhl"' Yakovlev Collection of the gross anatomy and pathology of
the mammalian brain (1,000 cases, 300,000 stained sections).

f. Smetana Hemorrhagic Fever studies (Korea) (Tissue slide*
and electron microscope studies). tissue slides

**££

g. The Medical Numismatics Collection comprising 2,369
irreplaceable medals, coins, and medallions on famous medical
subjects and persons, some dating to the Roman empire.

h. The H. Haskel Ziperman Collection of Forensic Science Case
Studies and Military Medical Achievement.

i. The Civil War Collection of 5,000 Traumatic and Infectious
Bone Pathology Specimens.

j. The Fred D. Maurer Collection of 1,875 2x2 teaching slides
of diseases of domestic animals.

The Museum's comprehensive loan program of specimens,
artifacts, charts, films, and models aided 61 educational
schools and institutions with nearly 500 individual items.

Otis Archives continues to support research for those
interested in military medicine, historical documentation of
diseases, the progress . of medical education and treatment as
well as notables in medicine. In a -.beautiful "quiet library
atmosphere, researchers can find old books, papers, personal
information and many historical artifacts* including paintings
and photographs.

The public viewing area of the Museum was open 360 days, 6
hours daily including weekends. The staff of the Armed Forces
Medical Museum developed a comprehensive health care current
events program utilizing educational films and lectures (chiefly
by the Associate Director) featuring discussion sessions on
selected topics. The Secretary of the Museum scheduled and
arranged topics and health care audio-visual aids after
consultation (by phone on in person) with the responsible unit
of the academic group.

a. College, high school, elementary school: 205 tours, 8,686
persons served, 228 films shown, and 169 lectures given.

b. Professional groups and individuals: 87 tours, 1,482
persons served, 31 films shown, and 58 lectures given.

In summary, during 1981 the use of the Museum's multiple
assets again increased at a geometric rate. By history and
position, the museum has assumed a commanding position in health
care science and particularly in the medical profession. The
museum resources will continue to be developed, and to be
utilized by all levels of health care professionals. Elementary
school students as well as specialized health care professionals
use the museum resources for ongoing education and research.

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The Museum's professional position should be one supportive to
the AFIP and other academic institutions in their use of
audio-visual materials, artifacts and specimens from the
collections*

Additionally, the staff facilities of the Museum aliow active
research groupings of valuable teaching and research material
(primarily pathology oriented). The transfer of these often
irreplaceable case collections to the AFIP Medical Museum has
allowed cost-effective research and associated use while
preserving the information and material for future reference.

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/\r\f\Acrl &Lffc*4- P&D

ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Edward R. White, M.D, J.D., Associate Director

CONSULTATION

There

„_ *. .„. were l*»52U requests from persons
requesting specific information on the Armed Forces Medical
Museum holdings, either by telephone, in writing or by personal

VIS XX •

EDUCATION - The Education Program includes the Tour and Loan
the g A^ ? 6re TV 293 gr ° Ups Which raade Prearranged visits to
SU^fi^S*'* 11 * 11 , * 1 MUS6Um * 75 ° f Which were military.
holdingT mS 6d fr ° n the An " ed . ForCM Medical Museum

RESEARCH - The primary research effort in 1982 was to
ShS!?** Cate ,f fi 2e « inventory and document the Armed Forces
addi^L^Tv. h °" ln l s : "l**™ ™™ 113.116 items processed, in
Salen T J° + h " fu *> ishin S of 72U specimens. Dr ° Gunther von
■2ST ?k- • n Ins * ltute of Anatomy at the University of
Heidelberg m Germany granted the Museum permission to use the
Plastination method of preservation of pathology spec imns

Museum personnal have attended training seminars and will beein
this advanced method in 1983. ^P"

PUBLICATIONS - No publications were completed in 1982; however
in process are 26 brochures to more cleary document and explain
significant public museum exhibits, and the Macropathology Manual
m the process of publication. "oxiuax

ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES - A complete reorganization was devised
planned ; and implemented to increase efficiency and effectiveness
in service to the public, resulting in an overall decrease in
nearly 5 0% of the unit cost of services performed, and aT overall
increase in productivity of an estimated 79%.

hoS ACT ™ T J ES " There were 511 items added to the Museum
holdings. The Museum staff actively supported the CAME and ARP
graduate education programs.

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/Wuol (2^,-V l^fSS

ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Frank B. Johnson, M.D.
Acting Associate Director

'n?o°r!£tt^ from persons seeking specific

teiephone. by personaTvfsit or in wmfng MUS6Um ° r itS Co «*««on., either by

T^rf^ T ™™« Lo.n programs,

tours of the Armed FoVces Medica? Museum T^rf° nS wn ° made Prearranged
tours given "Behind The Scenes" and i?iT Jtn 6 Were 2S9 ,i,ms shown 62
which 48 were military. AtVSl of 1067 ' IndS S ii 9IVfln t0 these grou P s - of
Museum to 92 medical profess onals m.,c»,^i dUa, i ten ? 8 Were loaned ,rom the
56 were made to military organizations ™ Seums " scnools - et <= Of these loans.

to^Zr*^nS2$%& S^SS^S^Jfur w , as c ,he ~"«™--

Museum. There were 2.498 Items fDrocessld^il Armed Forces Medical
the skeleton of the "Space ChirSpaSS? h!m s P ec,mens refurbished, and
cooperation of the Division "of Ve™eVina?v Pathoio™* PL oce ssed with the
equipment and supplies for the von 5!2In«' Jl?!° 9 ^ Delays in receiving
n addition to the departure if the sanfoM LS' a a 1 t,nat '°n Preservation method
implementation of the technique at tfi i Mus'um rat ° 1 ',Y i Sp ? cia,ist - P^poned the
Hagens" process is anticipated ir "arly ^984 P implementation- of the von

■^S^aISSS!^ 8 A^med^r! B 'K LTJG " MSC " »™R departed

1983 to-aasumeTpo^fc elective ' AprS

Florida. Edward R White MD j n a ««iL? e i l0na i Med,cal Center in Orlando

15 October 1983. a searcr c fl 2« a f Associa *e Director effective

constituted by The Director afipTo V- ° mU - 6Um *> roi Canals was

committee spent the entire day of Fri!£ J iST?"? a re P' a cement. The

interviewing the staff IS examining fhi 2„iiu°?r 0b h ar 1983at the Museum
storage areas. camming the exhibits. Archives and the collections'

collect dSmg' the yeff^'ncftSKq an a^pic^, '? the Mus ^m's
TypeEMS. On 4 August 1983 threi mLt-ri ?T5 EI o S E,ectron Microscope
toured and Coseiy **™^&^

Schmidt. Chief of Anatomical Collections of S J,^** ln additi °n- Dwight J,
an article entitled "DeterminauSn of | ex it^A nf eUm ' Was se cond author of
Pelvic Bone Measurements" Part r In Jo 11 5 p™'" 3 " 1 Analysis of Ne "
169-180. • in Journal of Forensic Sciences. 28(1):

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{WaqI |£lo*A RB*{

^MmM^^m^^Mm

' f*.'*"i«is^

ARMED FORCES MEDICAL

'9 + 9

. >■

^nM. Johnson, M. D .

MUSEUM

Curator

CONSULTATION - Th e

RESEARC W6re ,r ° m

ADMINISTRATIVE CHAwrPc Earned and

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'/Wool fU^od fiE^

ins

ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Frank B. Johnson, M.D.
Acting Curator

in?o°rSon A on?h N e Vml^ws M e 8 dS. U M?i S a from p , ersons seek,n 9 specific
telephone, by personal visit oMn wrmi? ni ?h« m ? r its co »ections. either by
sultation on the care of coHeSlonrf^ 41 Involved .con-

rays a were provided to schoia?s%?an^ ^^^^

^J^ and loan programs,

over the previous year. There were 3m£?«m?? 8, an J ncre ase of 35 percent
sons who visited the Museum "nslertSiSZ^n^ a t0ta l of 10 - 942 *"»-
films shown. 342 individuals given foSl -alKn2 9 ?J ,0 e rs - There were 2 °3
presented, and 153 guided tours q Sen hw iJ" 8 s «nes.- 147 lectures
groups 46 of which were mil tar? A fota^of A SSV" 1 8 ?2 Cents to tnese
made from the Museum's collection* t« 1.1 W loans (S2S "ems) were
^, etc.; 80 percent of these , cans Te?^f S r• nT^ < !! Ca, Passionals.

(231 items) of these re^wW^^ «* y«n "

~ S ^^fn,^^f , h ; KSBTwl! STA^ " the.

responsibility of an appropriate curator nnfii ? a i t,on --- Eacn ^'vision is the
administrative position r of the MuSIm?« nlS der "^i 8 reor 9anization. the chief
Armed Forces Insti ute of PathofoaT tor d ? h s j9 nated Associate Director of the
On 15 July. Adrianne Noe o^ed the staf of thi TC£/" e «* Medical Museum
Services and now serves as t hi o«!L» ■-*, -Museum. as Chief of Technical
Collections and E^hibi?s.v S - 18 the Cu rator of Anatomical and PathcSogicJl

A™£^^^ at the

lung disease, and one celebrating "thi . SJntJlbutto^f , . War mad,clne . one on
Museums Iron lung was restored to woffi%ir 0, i Ja ? 8 Ear ' e Asn - Th *
poses. In addition, the Museum coniinXiJZZSJJ,?*'. for demonstration pur-
Office and for the Surgeon General's ^ Uhr^'? ,s J 0r o tne Surfle °n GeneVafs
Historical Archives, ove? 234 cubfc feet of rlcnrl^ 6 Pentaa °n- '" the Otis
280 cubic feet of new records were aided l%%!r We « re Pressed and over
nf« C !f ,nst,tute of Pathology hold BaS%fabta^of ■ £!?*? to , ,denti,v A ™ed
netted an additional 320 cubic feet to fohotoarinh, ? r J, nc,l ' sion ,n the Archives^ T
and medical illustrations. During the C0 "^

from Dr. M. Catherine Blumbirg i aS exteniwl £ ea - r ;. tf,e Museu '" received
Photographs, and papers rotating 'te |h SS ^nation of the artifacts.
Major General Joe M Blumberg Another 5 il C » areer , of "er late husband
tjon of 152 specimens, .-plus 'numerous r othff&ll a * Cq ^ 8,t|on " w ' as a codec-
State Hospital. Norrlstown. Pennsyfctnia* Th« M? tS ' lrom tne Norrlstown
numerous plastinated ■ specimens, gifts of Dr GuSh. M w 8eu 2 a,so accessioned
visit and lectures in October a T ma lor effort T«n h w r VOn Ha 9 ens . following his
in state-of-the-art museum storage un!sWhte h ^ V, ,n,ta " col 'ections

ing m the computerization of the Museum% SSL a " ived m Ju| y- Work is ongo-
Billings Microscope Collelion csUlows Th! M« and . th- i r . eWr,t,ng of the
prepared, refurbished, and Inventoried 774 anatomiraf T S ,aborat °^ staff

n* anatomical specimens. This and

^•?-.".;.--i.WWRh>>

other tasks were accomplished with the assistance of five student aides,
whose hours totalled 5.671.

OTHER ACTIVITIES - In May. the Museum was the site of the First Annual
James Earle Ash Lecture hosted by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
and the American Registry of Pathology. An outstanding event of the summer
was the installation on 7 June of the plaque rededicating the Museum and its
collection as a National Historic Landmark. Museum staff members attended
meetings of the American Association for the History of Medicine, the Army
Museum Conference and Smithsonian Institution Workshops on museum
security and computerization of collections. In July at the National Archives.
Adrianne Noe. gave a talk on aviation medicine in World War II as part of the
National Archives' military history series and in August presented a lecture on
the history of medical technology at the historical session of the 1985
International Health Care Exposition in Washington, D.C.

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■/W ^?

4 W6>

1186

ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM

Marc S. Micozzi, MD, Ph.D.
Associate Director

ANATOMICAL COLLECTIONS

The major task of organization, preservation, arid conservation of the dry
skeletal collection neared its conclusion with the completion of the inventory,
the installation of 1,102 specimens in sealed metal cases, and the inclusion of
2 069 inventory records in the computer data base. These arrangements
provide security while affording researchers and staff better access to the
collection.

This work has also enabled us to begin plans for the skeletal collection
catalogue. Photographing representative specimens for the catalogue will
begin in January.

Shelving units (20) for the gross anatomical collections were installed, and
the wet collection of 5,000+ specimens were reorganized and stored on them.

Investigations of bone casting techniques and methods were begun in order
to provide teaching and research assistance using fragile and/or historically
important material. Information was gathered from the Smithsonian Institution's
Exhibits Central and Paleobiology Departments, the Cleveland Museum of
Natural History, and Duplicast Corporation.

Gretchen Relmer. a student in the Science and Engineering Apprentice
Program, produced a collation of 2,200 Indian specimen acquisitions by the
Museum and their disposal — invaluable information for the Medical Museum and
the Smithsonian Institution (which ultimately acquired a large part of this
material).

The anatomical collections loan program was continued with the addition of
on-site loan facility inspections (4) and the modification of existing loan policy.

The Sudden Infant Death (SID) Collection was received and placed In
storage pending the establishment of a working research program with NICHD.

Information requests numbered 177, 11 researchers or research groups
were accommodated, and numerous behind-the-scenes tours given.

A field trip to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History provided compara-
tive Information on the management and maintenance of a large skeletal
collection.

HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS

STORAGE - Twenty-one interior steel museum storage cabinets In the his-
torical section of Hammond Hall In the Armed Forces Medical Museum have
been rearranged in order to maximize the utilization of space in the area. The
new configuration allows for a 43 percent increase In cabinet storage space
and creates 144 square feet of storage space for large objects that had
previously been scattered throughout the Museum and Hammond Hall.

,srs,

Four hundred and forty square feet in storage space adjacent to Hammond
Hall were made available to the Medical Museum in August. The space had
been occupied by the Center for Advanced Medical Education. This space is
now being used to store large portions of the museum collections as well as
assorted objects, bringing together for the first time the Museum's collections.
Secure museum-quality shelving is on order to replace the temporary shelving
that is currently in use. In addition, a new storage system is in preparation for
the Billings Microscope Collection.

CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIFACTS - A system to classify the objects in the
historical collection was developed during the fourth quarter of the year. This
Is a primary stage in organizing and managing this large collection of diverse
objects in a manner to maximize its usefulness to the Museum, the AFIP. and
the scholarly communities. The system, adapted from the classification sys-
tem in use by the Dittrlck Museum of Historical Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, is
based on the National Library of Medicine publication Medical Subject
Headings. In it, artifacts are organized according to a system of primary and
secondary function. Alan Hawk, Mmseum technician for the collection, Kelly
Mathers, registrar, and Adrianne Noe, curator, travelled to the Dittrick Museum
and met with staff members there to see this computer -base system in opera-
tion in December, when it was decided to adapt and begin implementing the
Dittrick system.

Staff members of the Historical Collection have been active in forging and
maintaining connections with the Smithsonian Institution, other museums, and
the academic community. For example, on two highly valuable field trips, staff
members travelled to the Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and
to the Howard Dittrick Museum of Historical Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, to ob-
serve museum practices and exchange ideas with other museum professionals.
Adrianne Noe, curator, published a lengthy article and photographic essay,
"Microscopy and the Army Medical Museum," in Caduceus and lectured at meet-
ings of the Air Force Historical Foundation in Bethesda and the Joint Committee
for Aviation Pathology in Halton, England. Consultations were provided to the
National Air and Space Museum, the National Museum of American History, the
National Library of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the
Mutter Museum, College of Physicians of Philadelphia.

BLACKBURN COLLECTION

Technicians have been working with the Blackburn Laboratory Collections
from St. Elizabeth's Hospital. For the larger neuropathological collection,
demographic, pathologic, and other data is being recorded onto a catalog form
to assist in computerization of the collection. A data base management sys-
tem is also being devised so that the 15,000+ cases can be easily manipulated.
An organizational system for the wet tissue, paraffin blocks, microscope
slides, and records is being planned so that the collection can be used by
researchers from NIMH. AFIP and elsewhere. In addition, important historical
artifacts from this collection relating to the history of pathology were donated
to the Museum.

OTIS HISTORICAL ARCHIVES

CONSULTATION- There were 414 requests from persons seeking informa-
tion on the collections reposited in the Museum's archives.; These requests
were categorized as follows:

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76 written requests answered

192 telephone requests answered

1.15 visiting researchers assisted

31 AFIP staff requests (excluding museum

personnel)

RESEARCH - The primary work effort during the year continued to be in the
area of archival arrangement, description, and storage of a growing backlog of
unprocessed materials. In the Otis Historical Archives. 206 cubic feet of
records were processed and 339 cubic feet of new materials were added to
the collections during the year. Subsequently, a deficit of 133 cubic feet of
unprocessed materials was created as newly accessioned records surpassed
processing. Continued active efforts to Identify AFIP holdings suitable for in-
clusion in the Archives netted over 300 cubic feet of important historical
C photographs (including the 115.000 photos constituting the Reeve Collection),
glass. negatives, medical illustrations, paintings, and books. Our descriptive ef-
forts, accomplished nearly 200 pages of preliminary survey, as well as 37
record group descriptions and finding aids. During the latter part of the year,
the archivist assisted In a project in support of the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Committee studying silicosis. On two
occasions In the summer and fall, the Archives and AFMM hosted meetings of
this distinguished group whose membership was on-site to study the exten-
sive Vorwald Collection. Additionally, the Archives was involved in coopera-
tive research projects for a number of various federal agencies, military or-
ganizations, and civilian groups, including the Surgeon General's Office, the
National Library of Medicine. The Smithsonian Institution, WRAMC. The Military
Institute, and ASMEPPS. Again this year, the Archives assisted the Department
of the Army and the Justice Department Asbestos Litigation Branch in access-
ing the Vorwald Collection and giving relative deposition.

EDUCATION - The education mission of the Archives includes the tour, loan
and consultation programs (the latter having been totaled above). Total visita-
tion for the year was 254 persons. A total of 108 individuals, (25 were
military personnel), in addition to researchers, given tours of the archival hold-
ings. A total of 69 Items were loaned from the Archive's collections to
museums, publishers, libraries, military organization branches, etc. during the
year. Of these new loans, 25 items were loaned to military organizations.
There were 13 items returned to the collections during the year from outstand-
ing loans. Of the 268 research requests received during the year, six involved
preservation consultation.

Other - There were six new accessions added to the Archives holdings and
further additions to four existing record groups. The Archivist assisted the
Army Surgeon General's Office In providing research and collections support
to the planning of a 1987 Army commemoration of the first hundred years of
the Hospital Corps. The Archive's Collections received important publicity in
providing loans for exhibit by the National Library of Medicine (sesquicenten-
nial), ASMEPPS, WRAMC Hospital, The Surgeon General's Office, the Corcoran
Gallery of Art. Rice University, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR

The AFMM Loan Program consisted of 45 outgoing loan transactions in-
itiated in 1986, involving 398 anatomical specimens. 91 historical objects, and
66 archival items. Nine of the total loan transactions were to military institu-
tions and involved 55 items.

The total number of loaned items returned during 1986, including items
loaned in previous years, was 353 anatomical specimens, 125 historical
objects and 134 archival items.

The AFMM coordinated one incoming loan involving two historical objects
for the purpose of a training film being produced by another AFIP department.

Since November 3, 1986, the Registrar's Office has produced a revised
Agreement for Outgoing Loan along with redefined standards and procedures
for the loan of items from AFMM collections. A statement addressing AFMM's
position on appraisals was formulated and implemented as policy.

The Registrar's Office has been active with the issues of security and AFIP
designated smoking areas In the context of how they effect the museum col-
lections in storage and on exhibit. Meetings were held with the AFIP ad-
ministration to address these issues.

Other projects Involving the Registrar's Office include identifying future
storage space needs for collections, reorganizing existing space to maximize
efficiency and allocating space to accommodate incoming acquisitions including
the Blackburn Collection and St. Elizabeth Items. Allocation of space was also
made for the Sudden Infant Death Collection, which was moved to AFMM
facilities in December 1986.

EXHIBITS

During 1986. the Exhibits Department, Armed Forces Medical Museum, ob-
tained from the National Museum of. American History, Smithsonian Institution, a
number of significant pieces of equipment for the production and display of ex-
hibits. Included are an arc-plate burner for the silk-screening process, a varl-
typer for label making and 13large wood and glass display cases. These
cases were prepared for use by the Armed Forces Medical Museum in time for
the Second Annual Ash Lecture, hosted by the Armed Forces Institute of
Pathology and the Armed Forces Medical Museum in May. Fifteen exhibits
were newly designed, refurbished, or upgraded during the year. One such ex-
hibit. "The Old Red Brick," located in the lobby of the Medical Museum, dis-
played objects and photographs form the former home of the AFIP.
Twenty-seven hours of volunteer help went into its construction. General
design work was carried on throughout the Museum.

A number of objects were donated to the Museum, including one which was
prepared for exhibition. The control unit and other portions of the first million-
volt electron' microscope used in this hemisphere were donated to the Museum
and installed by staff members of United States Steel. Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.

Exhibits staff visits to various Museums provided opportunities to view the.
exhibits and production facilities of museums in Washington and elsewhere.
Exhibits assistance was given to various groups, including the National
Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, and the
National Library of Medicine.

A new exhibit policy was developed for use In the Medical Museum. It es-
tablishes general tasks and responsibilities for all phases of exhibit planning,
production and publication.

A portion of Silliphant Exhibit Hall was redesigned as a staging area for ex-
hibit preparation and installation, as a temporary, secure holding area for new
acquisitions and in-processing.

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PUBLIC EDUCATION OFFICE

For the first 10 months of 1986, the activities of the education program
continued much as described in the annual report of 1985, and tour coor-
dinators continued to offer tours. The following statistics were recorded for
1986:

Number of scheduled tours 226

Number of scheduled tour visitors 8,132

Number of walk-in visitors 20,505

Total number of visitors ■ _• - 28,637

In October 1986, the film program was discontinued to allow groups to use
their learning time more effectively in the Museum (except for those groups to
whom prior film commitments had been made). A new education coordinator
joined the staff at the beginning of November and began to offer "highlights"
tours of the Museum to the public and to monthly AFIP newcomer orientation
groups.

Broad goals for the Education Office were initiated in 1966:

1. Creation of a number of learning intensive museum tours directed
toward meeting specific needs and interests of museum visitors.

2. Introduction of interactive concepts to help involve visitors in their
own learning.

3. Recruitment of a volunteer corps to provide several types of ser-
vices to the museum public.

a. docents (museum teacher-guides)

b. information desk volunteers

c. research volunteers who will prepare materials relating
to museum exhibits and subject-related areas for
distribution to the public.

4. Training and supervision of volunteer groups to perform In the above
capacities.

5. Outreach efforts to learn how the museum can better serve the com-
munity. This was begun through the use of a questionnaire to determine
visitor interests and concerns.

6. Implementation of a public/community relations program.

7. Education Office Input into both short-term and long-term goals for
the exhibits program.

8. Creation of a resource library for use by volunteers.

BLUE-RIBBON PANEL ON THE MUSEUM

An ad hoc "blue-ribbon" panel to study the feasibility of a private support'
organization for the museum was recruited. Membership includes the Under
Secretary of Health and Human Services (Chair), the Surgeon General of the
United States, the Medical Director to the U.S. Congress, the dean of the
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the assistant
secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

A proposal for professional assessment and accreditation of AFMM was
prepared for review by the Director and the Board of Governors.

101

PUBLIC RELATIONS

Media Interviews and/or support were provided to PBS. WGBH OMNI
Ki fl Sf k. C ? S N rf w !* '" novati ons. National Geographic. USAF Project Warrior
lH?«»^f| Sh A n9 . t0n ^ 08t ' th f NeW York Times and Robert J - Garrick (media coS -
fhi rommnn m aC c" 9 Sy f tem was init,at e<i to support public relations efforts in
the community. Support was provided to U.S. congressional offices.

wn T AMr H ff5iHQ ?hr t L Ct8 . W, i h A th ! Armed Forces ,nstltu *e of Pathology
WRAMC. USUHS, the Maryland Anatomical Board, and the Maryland Medical

!-th mne r V e / e L n tiated t0 pursue the creati °n of new anatomical and
EfiK,?' 031 , ,eachin 9 collections using state-of-the-art tissue plastination
techniques. Loans were arranged for USUHS and Georgetown University in
support of professional education. umversuy in

r"«S?fif 2SJ1 ' T WO collaborativ e research proposals and one independent
mi«H hw P I25°J a, M were a PP ro Y, ed bv the AFIP Research Committee and In-
•InA £ y A ^ M , M -, Num ,f rous collaborative efforts were undertaken with NIH
^ D M , ^ 0rn 1 el ,i JniVersty - the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing)'
the National Library of Medicine and the National Air and Space Museum Six

tEn" wl?nVFMS e AF!p re PUb " Shed by the museum staff in 1986. showing af'filia-
Fo?ensl| U p L athJio° N " TW ° consu,tat,ons were Provided to the AFIP Division of

ADMINISTRATIVE

follow^posiUons 7 N6W J ° b descriptions were written and classified for the

Curator of Anatomical Collection and Education
Curator of Historical Collections and Exhibits'
Public Education Co -Coordinator
Registrar.

New Job descriptions were initiated for:

Chief Archivist

Exhibits/ Visual Information Specialist

Recruitment was completed for the following positions:

Registrar

Museum Technician. Historical Collections

Museum Technicians. Anatomical Collections (2)
Secretary

Public Education Coordinator
Community Relations Specialist

Requests for a temporary exhibits specialist and a temporary clerk-typist

Education" 1 W * S inltlated for a curator of Anatomical Collections and

Comprehensive policies and procedures were generated reguarding:
Administrative provisions

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Appraisals

Appointment of adjunct curators

Anatomical collections management

Archives operations

Area managers' meeting and space utilization plan

Blackburn Neuropathology Collection

Billings Microscope Collection

Catalogue publication plans

Exhibit production

Film program

Loans to Uniformed Services University

of the Health Sciences
Monthly newcomers* briefing
Press relations
Personnel policies
Parking policy
Physical security

Student intern (stay-in -school) program
Tour co-coordination
Volunteer program

Position statements were generated for the AFIP Organizational
Effectiveness Committee and College of American Pathologists regarding
museum organization and relationships between the AFIP and the Medical
Museum.

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/tavxi ft^x-4 /*?^7

/?8f

OFFICE OF THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, AFIP
FOR THE ARMED FORCES MEDICAL MUSEUM '

Adffiin i jstr^tlvp - New position descriptions were written
and upgraded for the following positions: written

SalomLar CoSons- Colleoti ° ns ' M — Technician,
Ss?orica? f Collec?foS- C ° llectionS; »»— Technician,

Kffi»t?3E£ Cle^ist;* 69 *^' MUSeU » Sta »
Specialist ArChiViSt ' Exhibits/Visual Information

C0ll^S n r"nd Wa ^useu: Ple ^ rJC - f ?5pisT at0r Re* n % t0ni ? al
temporary Exhibits Specia^ists^re^nerated in^port'Sf

^-oSSTESSS:' •*■*«*-«-«* aids ^TTSZiS

polici rl °„e« ^btalLd *^^ Medical M««um by uniformed

IScSon 7^ ^ -r-el^ c^. the nSroS

S-SSS^SS. tr^^cafMrrentrance.^ ^

••Blue-libhSn" D sta ^ eme nts were generated for the

iSS>S£ ~ IK -~ 9 -

accessibility and v?s?bility? ' "* pliysic ^ location,
Registr? ed o? al p a ?ho? Um R f gistr y was opened in the American

gSJ £ "ro1 es ^^^

Srec^LTthrL^o^ ~ -P-eT^th^

1986 PUbll LDSi?i i ° nS eff ? rts with the »edia- continued as in
a^Hhe"^ V SLlSri - ^ --utVtVse^e-AF?!

159

course attendees, volunteer and visitors, witho .
jeopardizing unique or historic museum collections. ■?
this end, a comprehensive tissue specimen review prbcedu a
was established in cooperation with AFIP Research a?d
Repository Division for all deaccessioned case materia 3
from AFIP Tissue Repository. in addition, a regul, • r-
program was established to obtain recent autopsy specimens
•from the Walter Reed Hospital Autopsy Section .

A comprehensive on-site teaching exhibit was conceived,
designed, and installed at the Uniformed Service;
of the Health Sciences, Bethesda , for thj
pathology course, required for all medical
In coordination with the Office of the Assistant
of Defense, Health Affairs, planning was
for the production of an effective public
brochure on the purposes of the autopsy,
was completed for the first AFIP continuing

University

second-year

students .

Secretary

initiated

information

Planning

techniques for
the medical
pro j ects . A
initiated. in
comprehensive
Transportation

medical education course in Forensic Anthropology to b«
held February 1988 in the Medical Museum.

Research - Staff from various divisions of the museum
actively participated as an inter-disciplinary team in all
pha f e f , of - the excav ation and on-site analysis of human
skeletal remains from a War of 1812 U.S. battlefield
cemetery in Ft. Erie, Ontario, Canada. A major research
collection of pubic bones for application of osteologic

aging the human skeleton was transferred to
museum in support of approved research
collaborative cancer research project was
the People's Republic of China. A
article on "Transporting the Wounded: The
Models of the Armed Forces Medical Museum"
was prepared for publication in Caduceus. in addition six
major research articles were published in the scientific
literature by museum staff, and numerous presentations ^.re
given at local and national professional meetings in
anthropology, epidemiology, history, and pathology.

OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR

During its first full-year of existence, the Office of
the Registrar completed the major task of establishim-
overall procedures and corresponding forms for processing
and registering museum collection items. Part of th'
undertaking involved developing a registration system wh
accommodated many former .. systems generated over the 1^
years of the museum's existence. The new system we
planned not only to meet the past and current collection
management needs of the museum but to recognize futur
needs with emphasis on automation. On 20 May 19a 7

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the Armed Forces Medical Museum Accessions Committee was
appointed with the Registrar as chairperson. The purpose
of this committee was to establish a decision-making body
to review organized presentations concerning collections
management policies, new acquisitions, and deaccessions of
collection items. The committee's concerns extend to
adhering to legal requirements and maintaining physical
control and accountability for the museum's collections.

Procedures for reconciling and preserving collection
records were established this year. This project is a
multi-year effort involving thousands of person- hours.
The end results will be the preservation of original
documents, creating "working file" duplicates, and
establishing a cross-reference system for accurate
retrieval of standard levels of collection information.
These methods of information control are all directly
related to how the collections can be accessed for
research, exhibition, and other educational purposes.
Additional full-time support staff to assist the one
position currently designated for the Office of the
Registrar are required to make significant progress with
this time-consuming project.

The Outgoing Loan Program ran very smoothly this year
which, can be attributed to the new policies established in
November 1986. The Office of the Registrar negotiated,
approved, and logistically coordinated twenty-one loans
involving 32 anatomical specimens, 86 historical objects,
32 archival documents, and 9 pieces of exhibit equipment.
Loaned items from the collections were featured in exhibits
at the DOA, Surgeon General's Office, Smithsonian
Institution, National Library of Medicine, the Museum of
the City of New York, Staten Island Institute of Arts and
Sciences, and several other local and regional
institutions. In addition, 89 anatomical specimens, 126
historical objects, 44 archival documents, and 12 pieces of
exhibit equipment were returned from loan and processed
according to established guidelines. Renegotiations were
made for several loaned items to include them under current
museum loan standards. Included in these transactions are
items currently on exhibit at the National Gallery of Art
and the Pentagon.

The Office of the Registrar continued its involvement
in obtaining more secure storage space to accommodate new
acquisitions, improve inadequate storage arrangements, and
increase the space efficiency of items currently stored in
the museum's holdings. Continual emphasis was made that
museum storage must meet criteria for safety and security

161

while maintaining an environment that increases tiic
museum's ability to fulfill its responsibility to preserve
collections. The Office of the Registrar negotiated with
internal and external reviewing bodies for a full-time
museum conservator and facilities to accommodate this
position. Reports from these reviews recognize the
importance for a conservator in order for the museum to
adequately care for its collections according to its
founding mandates.

ANATOMICAL COLLECTIONS

The major task of organization, archival research and
inventory of the dry skeleton collection was essentially
completed, with the installation of 2,844 specimens in
sealed metal cases and the inclusion of 2,844 inventory
records in the computer data base. These arrangements
provide security while affording researchers and staff
better access to the collection. Work remains on
approximately 100 problem bone cases, which involve labo<
intensive research in the archives in order to track
documentation.

Conservation remains a problem for much of the
collection. Most of the dry bone material is fragile
These surfaces need treatment with polyvinyl acetate to
prevent loss of small pieces of bone. Many specimens need
gluing, such as the masticatory apparatuses.

Completion of the dry bone inventory has enabled us to
begin plans for the skeletal collection catalogue and
teaching slide collection, as well as the creation or
revision of several osteological exhibits in the public
areas and in AFIP: Skeletal Growth and Development,
LaGarde Gunshot Fractures, Survival from Trauma, Interior
Structure of Bone, and the design phase of a^
Osteopathology exhibit. in addition, two other exhibit
were installed which crossed divisions: Facie
Reconstruction and Preservation of the Body.

Inventories of wet tissue files and reorganization we"«
initiated. During this process identification of an
"A-senes collection" of 90 plastic-embedded blocks of
gross tissue resulted in finding the source: Napa State
Hospital, California. This material was cleaned and
assigned museum catalogue numbers; and files were created
In 1987 the wet laboratory in G-035C was returned to 'fas
museum. Reorganization of supplies and equipment between
the exhibits preparation area (G-035B) and the wet lab took
place.

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The Anatomy Division refurbished over 200 specimens in
preparation for the Ash Lecture and over 66 specimens for a
teaching exhibit for USUHS.

Conservation remains a significant problem for much of
the wet tissue collection. Many specimens need to be
refurbished with preservative solution, jars resealed, and
Specimens rebagged P or remounted. An inventory of the wet
specimen collection remains to be done.

Anatomical collections acquired 35 skeletal forensic
casesfrom AFIP, a study embryology slide collection from
NICTD 34 specimens from the Museum of Ophthalmology, San
Francisco 150 wet tissue specimens from Norristown State
KSitll PA? a brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve
specimens from St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington D . C . ,
aSd T plastinated canine hearts from Dr. Frank Johnson
AFIP The Norristown collection has been catalogued almost
completely. Five Norristown specimens await invasive
testing for a pathological diagnosis.

investigations in plastination were initiated by staff
members attending the P^stination Workshop at thj American
Association of Anatomist meetings held in Washington D.C.,
and a consultative visit by Dr. Gunther von Hagens. To
support museum programs in plastination collections, and
medical education, active relationships have been
established with WRAMC (Autopsy Section) and AFIP Tissue
Repository. Wet tissue specimens have been received from
these two divisions and are in the accessioning process.

Museum staff attended several conferences and presented

various aspects of the museum

posters

at the Paleopathology Meeting, American

American Academy

papers or

collections _ .

Association of Physical Anthropologists lBfhrnnnlnflV

of Forensic Sciences, Northeastern Anthropology

Association, University of Rhode Island, the University of

Connecticut, and others.

The American Indian specimen inventory was refined in
1987, and consultations took place with the Smithsonian-
Institution regarding problem cases.

Planning for
initiated in 1987'.

Forensic Anthropology Course was

A major effort was placed on preparing a teaching
exhibit for the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services
University of the Health Sciences. Betty White of that
university worked with Museum staff to locate appropriate
specimens in wet tissue storage

163

for the exhibit.

Information on the specimens was retrieved as well as
possible (the wet tissue files were in the process of being
organized) . Other information was retrieved from AFIP
Tissue Records. Consultative visits were made frequently
by Dr. Joan Kishel and Dr. Richard Marsella to provide
differential diagnosis of the specimens. A record-keeping
form was generated to document the differential diagnosis.
Approximately 71 specimens were selected; the majority were
wet tissue specimens. Boxes encasing a specimen were
cleaned and the formalin replaced. While considerable
information was located on many of these specimens, much of
it is in raw form and needs to be revised and edited before
files are created. This work remains to be done.

The Anatomy Division reorganized the administration of
the Federal Stay-in-School Program for the museum. By the
end of 1987, 6 student positions had been filled.

The American Journal of Physical Anthropology was added
to Ash Library's holdings. Information requests numbered
181, 15 researchers or research groups were accommodated,
and numerous behind-the-scenes tours were given.

HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS DIVISION

The Historical Collections Division of the Armed Forces
Medical Museum is divided into two distinct units which
often perform complimentary tasks: The Historical Artifacts
Collections and the Otis Historical Archives.

Historic Artifacts Collection - Staff processed over
200 inquiries for individuals and agencies requesting
specific information about the objects in the collection,
their care, or the history and scope of the collections
themselves. In addition to addressing specific needs, the
division continued to perform primary and secondary
research on its holdings to better enable researchers to
use_ the over 100,000 objects within it, whether for loan,
exhibition, study, or conservation.

Over eight hundred square feet of museum-quality steel
shelving and cabinets were installed in the collection area
for the storage of medium-sized artifacts. Approximately
nine hundred objects have been placed in the storage area
and inventoried onto an experimental automated database.
Fifteen interior steel museum storage cabinets have been
ordered to increase the storage capability by seventy-eight
percent. An artifact classification system was adapted
from a system developed under a grant from the National
Endowment for the Humanities to the Howard Dittrick Museum
of Historical Medicine in Cleveland. It is based

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on the standard Medical Subject Headings used by the
National Library of Medicine and was successfully
implemented in the reorganization of selected storage.
This trial has led to a similar larger-scale project being
planned for the organization of artifacts in storage. In
May, Adrianne Noe, curator, and Alan Hawk, museum
technician for the collection, presented a talk on plans
for implementing the classification system to the Medical
Museums Association conference in Philadelphia as a part of
a roundtable discussion on using Medical Subject Headings
to classify artifacts. An automated database was designed
for the museum to catalog the artifacts in the collection.
The database is still in the development phase and will
continue to be refined during the coming year.

The Billings Microscope Collection was transferred to a
new location, the move providing much needed improved
security for the well-known collection and related items.
Four hundred square feet of museum-quality steel shelving
were installed to accommodate the microscopes and their
accessories. As a part of the relocation process, the
collection was studied, organized, and inventoried onto an
automated database.

Staff members have been active in maintaining
connections with other museums, the academic community, and
relevant private and government agencies. For example,
several, staff members travelled to the Margaret Woodbury
Strong Museum in Rochester, New York, to observe
state-of-the-art museum techniques and exchange ideas with
other museum professionals. Research assistance or
consultations on a variety of museum practices were
provided to a number of organizations, including the United
States Air Force Project Warrior film series on the history
of military medicine, the National Library of Medicine, the
Science Museums Collaborative, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, the Mutter Museum of the College of
Physicians of Philadelphia, the Smithsonian Institution,
the museum of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and
publicly funded film projects on the history of medicine.
Staff participated in a wide variety of professional
organizations — the Washington Museums Collaborative, the
History and Archives Committee of the Aerospace Medical
Association,' the Society for the History of Technology, the
American Association for the History of Medicine, the
Medical Museums Association, the Washington Chemical
Society, and the Washington Society for the History of
Medicine. Publications include contributions to journals
on the history of medicine, sciences, and museum
literature.

165

Vk J

iAl*

Mhu2iSSn ^J Collections staff also participated in the
V^ t ° °£ 4 . American soldiers form the War of 1812 at
SJELJifi?' ? n * ari °' Canada. They contributed to their
subsequent study providing medical historical background
nn*™? ln . the interpretation of findings and to advance the
Sedicine"? 9 6arlY nineteenth century military

r-o^, 2ofi Historical Archives - There were 374 consultation
"~ 23?S ? ° m persons seeking information on the

™^ 10n \. r K P0Slted in the ™seum's archives. These
^ follows? W6re a11 answered < we " categorized as

91 written requests

73 visiting researchers

181 telephone requests

29 AFIP staff requests (excluding museum personnel)

The primary research work effort during the vear
continued to be in the area of archival Irrangemen?
description, and storage of a backlog of unproved
SlI till, Maj °5 ! trideS were accomplished i/reSSSSg

SSLi ? 9 ' - nd f ° r the first time in four years neS
materials acquiesced did not surpass those previously

%XX5 in the , co ^ctions. in the Otis HiItor?cal
Archives approximately 186 cubic feet of records were

thf 6 ^?? and 91 , CUbic feet of new materials were fdded to
the collections during the year. Our descriptive efforts
accomplished preliminary surveys of seven aajo?
S5 to ? ra S hlc serieS aS wel1 as 12 record Sroup descriptions
SL-SS 9 3 - dS : ThG Archives wa s involved in cooperative
m??? a JS K Pr0:, K CtS f ° r a number of federal agencies,
Tii^ 3 ^ b f anches and organizations, and civilian groups

insiitS?on th %hf Ur |fK?- General ' s °«ice, the Smithsonian
Institution, the Public Health Service, WRAMC, and th*

assls?2 Z£ t0 7*r Insti ^ te - A * ai * this year, the a£X±to
L LJ' Department of the Army, and the Asbestos

SoSE^SllESS: Department of Justice < in accessing the

*-™r. The i education mission of the Archives includes the
Totfi X ° an ' c ? nsu ltation, and exhibit support programs?
72* •,, visitation for the year was 161 persons; 77
reselrche^ (31 ^ lita ^ Personnel), in* addition :
oroaraS ™k w ^F e . 9 lven pensive tours of the archival
tS^Knh* holdings Thirty-Two items were loaned from
and Llf° lleCtl0nS t0 milit ary organization branches
into V J}„ .agencies, and 4 items were processed back
into the holdings. of the 301 research request

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MUSEUM PROGRAMS OFFICE _

received during the year, approximately 15 involved
preservation and archival program development
consultation. In the area of museum exhibit support, two
exhibits were conceived and curated to completion. The
archivist also assisted the Army Surgeon General's Office
in providing research and development support for an
exhibit commemorating one hundred years of the Army
Hospital Corps. The archivist provided the same type of
support for a multi-media presentation commemorating the
first forty years of the Army Medical Specialist Corps.
Additional intensive research assistance was given to
projects in support of AMEDD, William Beaumont Army
Hospital, the Air Force Surgeon General's Office, and the
Public Health Service.

I . With a mandate for broader scope and additional
responsibilities, designation of the Public Education
Office was changed to the Museum Programs Office. The
following programs were created and instituted:

A. Docent Program. During early winter and late fall a
total of four groups of volunteer docents (museum
teacher-guides) were recruited and trained to give
lesson tours in the museum. These tours are available
to the public on weekdays and weekends. Docents are
requested to work with a maximum group size of 15
people per docent; 45 people may be accomodated at any
one time with three docents working with them. This
reduced the number of people on any one tour from a
prior maximum of 60 people to one tour coordinator in
previous years.

B. Other Volunteer Programs.

1. Information Desk receptionists have been
recruited and trained to answer phones for the
museum, greet and refer visitors as necessary,
respond to inquiries, and issue parking permits.

2. Research, archival, and clerical volunteers
have been recruited and placed, within the
following sections of the Museum:

a. Archives

b. Office of the Registrar

c. Historical Collections

d. Anatomical Collections

e. Museum Programs Office

167

C. Concentrated effort on the part of the public
relations specialist to increase museum visibility and
visitation.

D. A more comprehensive outreach effort to learn how
the museum can better serve the community.

E. More comprehensive liaison with educational
institutions (i.e. high schools, universities, etc.) to
gain further knowledge of their specific needs and be
able to provide materials to augment their educational
horizons.

F. Continuing liaison functions (i.e. Blue Ribbon
Panel, etc.) in keeping with recommendations for future
museum direction and development. A temporary exhibit
was created and installed for the WRAMC Patient and
Post Library and remained in place throughout the
summer of 1987. A new exhibit to serve as an
introduction to new museum exhibits was created and
installed in the AFIP lobby. Other exhibits went on
loan to such agencies as the Army Surgeon General's
Office and the Pentagon. Other exhibits created and
designed include Osteopathology for the Museum and
Forensic Anthropology for an AFIP window case.

II. The Museum Programs Office assumed responsibility in
the coordination for all interdepartmental efforts for the
Ash Lecture, including catering arrangements and training
of dbcents, who were available to provide content
information for the guests at the reception.

III. Public Relations.

A. Actual newspaper/magazine contracts included The
Washington (Post Magazine Section, New York Times, Town
& Country Magazine, Washington Times, the Washington
Post Weekend Section, and the Museum & Arts Washington
Magazine. Broadcast time contact was made with WGMS
radio station.

B. Communications with a number of agencies such as
NIH, USPHS, USUHS, the Washington (D.C.) Volunteer
Bureau, and the suburban volunteer bureaus were also
established.

C One half-time position of Tour Coordinator was
converted to a half-time position of Community
Relations Specialist. The work entails community
relations and media outreach efforts, newspaper
calendar listings, outreach efforts to garner

168

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publicity, the coordination of media requests with
museum staff, and position papers for the Museum in
subjects such as Native American Remains and
Teratology. The job of the other half time Tour
Coordinator became concentrated in areas of tour
coordination, the scheduling of all volunteers and
student interns, and creation and maintenance of a
circulating volunteer library.

D. Establishment of liaison with the Patient and Post
Library and Social Work Services Department of WRAMC in
an effort to coordinate services and provide
information for patients and families about their
illnesses.

E. Creation of a new Museum four color illustrated
brochure which will become available to the public in
the early part of 1988.

F. In mid year 1987 the Exhibits Program transferred
from the Division of Historical Collections to the
newly created Museum Programs Office and all functions
of the Museum relating to and providing services for
the general public were combined in this new Office.
The Exhibits Program work was begun for an AIDS
education exhibit with a historical component which
will be collections based. New labels for other
exhibits and corrections to exhibits already in place
were also made.

walk-ins
down by
visitors
factors:

It should be noted that while the total number of
visitors actually increased by 1,124 and the number of
increased by 4,149, scheduled tour visitors were
3,030 compared to the year 1986. The decrease in
on scheduled tours was due primarily to two major
No tours were given for two months (February and
March) due to the new docent training program and the tour
participants were limited to 15 visitors for each docent.
The time spent with each individual tour group is now
"quality time" (i.e. the tours are now enabling visitors to
see effectively presented exhibits — ones that will allow
them to interact with their docent for a discovery/learning
type lesson/ experience) , whereas, before, quantity was down
because of the new training program and the required
recruitment of docents. It should be noted that a number
of the schools which have participated in both tour
programs (1986 and 1987) have commented verbally and
through letters that they appreciate the new 'in depth and
individualized approach." The total hours of work logged
by the volunteer staff during the 12-month period of 1987
is 2,819 hours. The number of hours worked

169

IV. Broad goals for the Museum Programs Office for 1988

AiDs eSuca??^ 1 ^^. 1 ^ 11 ^ 10 " ^ ^ingofthe

Lr^« 5 Re Jr iitine "5 and trainin 9 °f a larger volunteer
mSSum s?arf? Vlde SUPPOrt ^ SerViceS to t?e P ub ^ and

f^ a K?? h K r ,. pub i ic relations efforts involved the
S?£l bllshment of .contact with various schools (i.e
high schools, universities) in an effort to woVk with

.&£ sSS^neeS. "^ * individualize ^u^S

ai thT mo^ ^Ser^r^^^^

tours for guests in support of the staff of AFIP

V. Attendance: The following were recorded for the year 1987:

Number of scheduled tours

Number of scheduled tour visitors

Number of walk-in visitors

TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITORS

182

5,102

24,659

29,761

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170

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Avmuo! &po-4 /?^p

/%8

MIRER

J- Thomas Stocker
Colonel, MC. U.S. Army
Deputy Director V

Appointed July 1937

££J!°n NAL MUSEUM OF
HEALTH AND MEDICINE

0^0™°°"''' M D - Ph -D

Date of Appointment -24 June 1986

c.l mS.u^5!.^. d r.:!rr e "° r ' ^r the medi-
by discussions of the Sl^™ 9 1988 ' facilitated

became the official cn«J f M,, 'tary Surgeons of thl i. . P ro 9ress against
General C EverelJoo nS °: of the Medical Museul pf Un , ,ted Sta <es (AMSUS)
Education Exh%? ( on ?nmp ffiCia " y °P*ned the ^ ^ m R u ffi^Y- [" ^ne, Surgeon
General's mai^g oMhe AID^ 61 ^ Tnis opeSSJ'cXTdP^ A ^

<'°n: the exhibition w as l? a P re , vention brochure s to el er l * Vl Wlf * the Su >"geon
porate themes from th,f ' a n n a n f ? ( ? " i,h tne U.S. PubSc H ea ^! eno,d in tne "a-

149

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Governors; Surgeon G.n.r.. C Everett Koop -presenting the US. Public
Health Service; and CAPT Robert FKarne.MO.^ ^ 65 tlona ,
Forces Institute of Pathology. The orum wa health jnc|udmg Jame s

leaders in business, educa ion , m^c.ne ana ^ > Medical Association,

Sammons. M:D., Executive Vice P^ent o^n for Hea | th and cur-

Theodore Cooper M^D PhD former As^sum ^^ M . D D , re ctor

rently Chairman and CEO of the Upjonn ^ om P<" *• distin g U ished local and na-
of the U.S. Centers for Disease Contro^andsevera^t^^ ^ Secretary
tional officials. The keyno e speaker was Mon. v» actjve open

of Health and Human Services. All of the p rjsenwuo an(j medjcjne

discussion emphasized the need tor a nat.ona museum ° t|ons of nealtn

its role in public health edu ^ "^ h d e ^ical museum to fulfill these roles
professionals, and the po ent.al of. he medic am d operat ions and

based upon its history its collections ana p consu|tation plannin g

programs. Also emphasized was ^the ' nee J Tor m _ Accordingly, three working
and support for ^ n ^ a ^^o\SnnSq group \o 6\scuss auspices \oca-
groups were formed: (1) a strategic P» ann ' n 9 & £ tor group to discuss

Son. size, scope, and operations (2) a prrvai „ FrJends of the Museum

strategies for a national development effort anc nv ^ subscr|ption or _

^.December, the AF.P ^&S^J^^^^^

suggested course of action is to .seek :^ e f^ e at p e ^, ic exhibits program over
downtown Washington locat on and ^ansfer^epu^ , t we , e

ZSSiii « -^oVSSnJ Vog^s. ^

^em^r^n e n x^ir e sVn e w?s^^a°e b d e rfro e n?of the medical museum for

the first time since 1985.

STAFF:

Otfice of the Director

Marc S. Micozzi. M.D PhD Director Ju| 1 988)

Theresa Strong. Staff Assistant
. nivision of H' ^'-ir.al Collections

Adrianne Noe, Ph.D., Curator

Alan Hawk. M.A., Collections Manager

Daniel W. Bennett, III,
Robert Montgomery

MA
M.A

candidate, Archivist
Archivist Technician

r .

nivision of Anatomical C ollections
Gloria y'Edynak, Ph.D., Curator

Museum Programs Office

nria O'Reillv Museum Programs Officer
gouges Landry, Visual Information Specialist

150

Jeanne Levin, Tour Coordinator (half-time) H
Charlotte Brody. Community Relations Specialist (half-time)

L. ed i C . a ' Museum Registry/Am erican Registry of Pathology B

mcnard.Rapoza, Museum Exhibit Specialist (effective 1 June 1988) I

In addition. NMHM maintained an active federal stay-in^school wor k/.h,H U

program for eligible college students and a full sum me student D?oar a m SJn I

du C ring m re d y a e e a?. ^^ S,Ud6nt Pr ° 9ramS With 'ocara'nd^alfolrunfvTsitle^' I

Personnel a

Office and the museum registrar position were recognized Additional n^ I
personnel requirements were recognized in the ottirp nf Vh- mii ? .u W
Historical Archives, and the AnatomS Collections DliSfon ^^ th6

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ttrab^lhr^S 1 ?.^?^^ the new,y reco 9 n 'zed museum registrar posi-
mw «#^ ,: S ,~ 7 level were ""successful; therefore, retention or recruit-
ment of a. qualified museum registrar was not possible in lala The n«^ L.
Personnel Management has been asked tc HnvestSte "hesf dlfTiculSIJ wi?h
class.f.cat.on. retention, and recruitment for the museum regislrar position.

p5!K.«n W i er K P re P ared r through the Medical Museum Registry/ARP to hire a

WRAMr 'h" Labora i ory Techn ''can. effective August 1988 Due to de°avs al ■

WRAMC. however, this position could not be filled during 1 988 y |

M l lH i ^ e fo Sary « expan 5 ion in sta "'ng tor the National Museum of Health and

Research and Education

rglKfn^h^n^ 1 ' a S° ratiVe research and ^ucation activities continued in I

1988 as in the past. Symposia were organized for the American AcZml nf

Unf^Sl "."I "".J 8 ,?" 1 ' Slze ' Bo<ly Composition and Ln^er- to th« Seal

Abstracts of Papers Presented

nn«?,rf' ' ^ S »' Fa , ta ' com P ,,cations of hypertension due to hydrogen sulfide ex- I

198? p. 95 ' ' Can AC3demy ° f F ° renSiC Sciences - PhSSdeip'SK PA, "

SfiS 1, ?£■ Micoz2 !' MS - The identification of fleshed remains- The chanaino I

role of the forensic anthropologist, Ibid, p. 108. ,ema 'ns. i ne changing ■

151

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Micozzi, M.S.: Paleopathology and the Armed Forces Medical Museum.
Abstracts. Paleopathology Club, International Academy of Pathology (USCAP),
Washington, D.C., 1988.

Publications

Micozzi, M.S.: Cancer ln_ Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual,
edited by Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F., Martorell, R., Champaign, IL. Human Kinetics
Publishers. Inc, 1988, pp. 151-154.

Albanes, D.A., Jones, D.Y.. Schatzkin, A.G., Micozzi. M.S., Taylor, P. R.: Adult stat-
ure and risk of cancer. Cancer Research 48: 1658-1662, 1988.

Eveleth, P.B. and Micozzi. M.S.: Growth variations in children and chronic dis-
eases in adults. Ir^Crecimiento y desarrollo del nino en las Americas. Hechos
y tendencias, edited by Cusminsky, M., Moreno, E., and Suarez-Ojeda, E.N.,
Washington, D.C., Pan American Health Organization. Scientific Publication No.
510, 1988.

Micozzi, M.S. and Albanes, DA.: Three limitations of the body mass index, Am. J.
Clin. Nutr. 48: 691-692. 1988.

Micozzi. M.S.. Brown. E.D., Taylor, P.R., Wolfe, E: Carotenodermia in men with
elevated carotenoid intake from foods and B-carotene supplements Am J
Clin. Nutr. 48: 1061-1064, 1988.

Carter, C.L., Corle. D.K., Micozzi, M.S., Schatzkin, A., Taylor. P.R.: A prospective
study of the development of breast cancer in 16,692 women with benign
breast disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 128: 467-477, 1988.

Micozzi, M.S.: Comments on acculturation and health in the highlands of Papua,
New Guinea: Dissent on diversity, diets and development. Current
Anthropology 29: 285. 1988.

Stevens, R.. Jones, D.Y., Micozzi, M.S., Taylor, P.R.: Body iron stores and the
risk of cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 319: 1047-1052, 1988.

Anatomical Division

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE

Summary: Anatomy staff participated in three field excavations: the battlefield
cemetery from the War of 1812 at Ft. Erie, Ontario, Canada; the Civil War bat-
tlefield at Antietam; and the ancient Inca cemetery at San Pedro de Atacama-
Chile which contained mummies, that were the focus of paleopathologic ex-
aminations. The division initiated the Osteopathology Catalogue Project, com-
pleted the First Annual Forensic Anthropology Course;, initiated a reorganiza-
tion of the human skeletal collection and implemented "Paradox" as a catalogu-
ing program; produced a teaching exhibit for the Department of Pathology at
the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; retrieved the wet
laboratory in G-035c for museum function; mediated a legal relationship with
Walter Reed Army Medical Center for the receipt of autopsy organs; received
specimens from 18th century, War of 1812, American soldiers buried at Ft.
Erie, Canada; received 26 pathologic fetal and neonatal specimens from the
AFIP Tissue Repository; presented papers and organized roundtable discus-
sions on collections in museums, meetings, and departments nationally and in-
ternationally; engaged in collections-based and field research; initiated plan-
ning for the "Human Reproduction, Growth and Development Exhibition"; coor-
dinated collections-based projects for exceptional high school students and
for college and graduate students during the summer.

152

U*i Si? *"T'' ?l e "fJ C ,u nthrOPO '.? qv Cour *° wag successfully completed
fr'K. CC riS' u \"% a?orf^ b m;H m ?' ' e,al f " d ." e °" a «" specimens received

■BNSHHI

Fieldwork:

1 " January Sk * ,et " daU col,ectlon ™« ana.ysis took p.ace in Toronto in

sssixsas? *" t A " ,unain9 was proviaea b ' "« »ss3

153

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Museum Lectures:

Dr. Ron Williamson - "The Fort Erie Project."

Dr. Marc Kelley - "Osteopathology as a Tool for the Medical Researcher."

Docent Training and Student Assemblies: The division fully participates in
docent training and in lectures or assemblies for visiting high school students.
The anatomical collections manager supervised two high school students, two
stay-in-school college students, and one temporary anatomical registrar
during the summer of 1988.

Forensic Sciences Day: The Anatomy Division participated in the program at
the Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, in October 1988. Included in this program
were lectures given by Dr. Marc Micozzi on the history of the museum, by Paul
Sledzik on the Ft. Erie Project, and by Dr. Robert Zalme on the role of the AFIP
in the identification of remains from a mass disaster. Museum staff, which also
included Sean Murphy and Dr. Gloria y'Edynak, provided demonstrations of fo-
rensic cases for the exhibition.

Symposia Presented:

1. "Fusion/Con-fusion". symposium on ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid
arthritis at the Paleopathology Meetings, April, 1988, Kansas City, Sean
Murphy, Dr. Marc Kelley.

2. "Tuberculosis Workshop," a demonstration of museum specimens with case
histories in some cases, Paleopathology Meetings, April 1988, Kansas City,
Dr. Marc Kelley, Sean Murphy, Paul Sledzik.

Symposia Planning:

1. "Fort Erie Symposium," Northeastern Anthropological Association Meetings,
March 1989, Montreal. Paul Sledzik.

2. "Bone Response to Trauma," Paleopathology Meetings, April, 1989, San
Diego, Sean Murphy, Dr. Marc Kelley.

3. "Genetic and Environmental Components of Tooth Size and Morphology:
Implications for Population Studies, American Association of Physical
Anthropology Meetings, April 1989, San Diego, Dr. Gloria Edynak.

4. "The Army Medical Museum, the Anthropological Society of Washington, and
the American Anthropologist: Foundations of American Anthropology,"
American Anthropological Association, November, 1989 Washington, D.C.,
Paul Sledzik and Dr. Gloria y'Edynak.

Anatomy Staff Non-Collections-Based Research:

Marc Kelley, Sean Murphy, and Diane LaVeque, "Tuberculosis in the Prehistoric
Native Americans of the Upper Missouri River Basin"

Gloria y'Edynak, "Mesolithic and Neolithic Dental Reduction in Yugoslavia"

Gloria y'Edynak "Disease as a Selective Agent in Post-Pleistocene Yugoslav
Dental Reduction."

Gloria y'Edynak, "Recent Evolution of Craniofacial Structure", as a chapter in
Complex Craniofacial Anomalies, edited by Craig R. Dufesne, M.D.

154

i f -o.,4^ —i ' — Jte- - - «*r- Jm i L - a* «iKfe

Papers Presented:

Paul Sledzik, 1988, "A Method for Determining the Duration of Osteomyelitic
Infection in Dry Bone," American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Meeting. April, Kansas City. Missouri.

Paul Sledzik and Sean Murphy, 1988, "Paleopathology and the Armed Forces
Medical Museum," University of Tennessee, May, Knoxville, TN

Paul Sledzik, 1988, "A Collection of Curiosities: The Anatomical Collections of
the Armed Forces Medical Museum," San Diego Museum of Man, September,
San Diego, CA.

Gloria y'Edynak, 1988, "Yugoslav Mesolithic-Neolithic Dental Reduction,"
International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, July,
Zagreb, Yugoslavia.

Anatomy Staff Collections-Based Research:

Paul Sledzik, 1988, "A Method for Determining the Duration of Osteomyelitic
Infection in Dry Bone." M.A. thesis, University of Connecticut.

Paul Sledzik, "How Sharper than a Serpent's Tongue: Cutmarks on Bone and
the Instruments that Make them," poster accepted for the American
Association of Physical Anthropologists Meeting April, 1989, San Diego.

Paul Sledzik and Peer Moore-Jansen, 1989, "Dental Disease in a War of 1812
U.S. Burial Ground: Implications for Nineteenth Century Dental Health," In:
Marc Kelley and Clark Larsen. eds., Advances in Dental Anthroplogy, Alan R.
Liss, Inc.

Paul Sledzik. 1989, "The History of the Anatomical Collections of the Army
Medical Museum," In: Catalogue of the Osteopathology Collection of the
National Museum of Helith and Medicine. AFIP: Pathologic, Medicohistorical
and Forensic Studies in Human Skeletal Remains.

Marc Kelley, Sean Murphy, Rubina Patel, and Marc Micozzi, "Isolation and
Cultivation of Acid-Fast Bacilli from Museum Skeletal Specimens."

Sean Murphy, 1989, "Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna," M.A. thesis, University of
Connecticut.

Gloria Edynak, Sarah Lawrence, Glenn Wagner, Leon Kazarian, Robin Baver,
Kay Behrensmeyer, Dennis Stanford, "Study of Bone Fracture Patterns in
Unidentified Remains from an Aircraft Accident in Iceland Recovered After
Thirty Years Exposure to Glacial Action."

155

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ANATOMICAL COLLECTIONS
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE

NAME

Jason H. Calhoun, M.D.,
M. Eng., Univ. Texas
Medical Branch, Div of
Orthopaedic Surgery

David Simms, M.D.
Univ. Oklahoma, Oept.
of Otorhinolaryngology

Craig R. Dufresne, M.D.
Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Department of Surgery

John Balz

Bruse Pearson, Beatrice
Fensten, Robert
Priesler

Dr. Mar jorie England,
Univ. Leicester, Dept.
of Anatomy

Joan Williams -Thomas,
Ph.D., Univ. District
of Columbia

Edward J. Toth, US Army
Foriegn Counter-
intelligence Activity

Max Klohn, M.D..
Instltut de

Morphologie, Geneva,
Switzerland

DATES

10/14/87-
2/5/88

2/11-5/4

2/4-3/16

3/15-4/5

4/19

5/3-6/27

6/20-8/2

6/7-6/27

8/4

TOPIC RESEARCHED

Requested information and slides on
osteomyelitis and trauma skeletal
specimens, specifically of the foot
and ankle.

Research on human temporal bone
growth and development using human
fetal collection. Measurements and
photographs taken.

View and study the teratology
collection

Research on tapeworm for elementary
school report.

Viewed teratology collection for
purpose of studying form in art.

Requested information on histological
photographs or specimens of human
embryology.

Have student view and study
teratology collection. Photographs
were requested and forwarded.

Information on LaGarde shot fracture
studies and related information.
Videotape requested and forwarded.

Research and data collection on
kidney stone collection (see
formation in Research Request
file).

156

2 ^«' ; ' 1 .: ?*S^^^

NAME

DATES

Terry Horowitz. 9/8-9/22.

Horowitz-Seigel Assoc

Nolan Karp, M.D., New 9/1 2-pres

York Univ. Medical

Center

Robert Berkowitz, M.D., 10/25-pres

Children's Hospital

National Medical

Center, Head and Neck

Surgery

Gabrielle Hodson. M.A. 12/2-pres

TOPIC RESEARCHED

View Sickles specimen and
documentation; discuss Civil War
medical practices.

Study and measure fetal/infant
skeletons (2nd metatarsal, iliac
crest, mandibular condyle) for
application in plastic surgery for
hemifacial microsomia.

Sinus measurements from CT scans and
external measurements on fetal/infant
crania for use in sino -nasal tract
surgery.

Determination of relationship of
distal humeral bicondylar breadth and
humeral midshaft circumference using
Civil War skeletal collection.

Historical Division

Historical Collections

The Historical Collections staff responded to 84 requests for information
involving items from the collection and provided answers for numerous general
and specific questions about the history of medicine, collections, management
and preservation techniques. Assistance was provided to numerous large
research activities such as the Center of Military History, the Smithsonian
Institution, the National Institutes of Health, the National Library of Medicine,
and the United States Public Health Service. The staff provided assistance to
researchers for two major film projects, including a series for the British
Broadcasting Corporation on the history of military medicine in the United
States and a production for a pharmaceutical firm. Eleven loan requests for
over four dozen items were processed. Items were loaned for both research
and publication purposes and for exhibition. Five significant microscopes from
the Billings collection were included in an international exhibition celebrating
the tercentenary of William III and Mary II; the staff performed extensive
research for the published catalog accompanying the exhibition.

Twenty-five donations were processed, adding over 775 items to the
Historical Collections. In particular, items relating to AIDS and the health care
professions and the history of x-ray, diagnostic, therapeutic, and plastic sur-
gical technologies were included. The largest single donation was that of over
500 items from the office of Dr: Naomi Kanof; a local dermatologist of interna-
tional renown.

In 1988, approximately 4,500 artifacts were recorded, inventoried, entered
into a master computer system that creates an automated finding aid, and
stored in appropriate controlled-environment cabinets. Three hundred

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additional artifacts have been fully catalogued. The collection of forty-five
turn-of-the-century x-ray tubes and apparata has been catalogued and
housed in custom boxes that protect the fragile glass objects.

The Historical Collections staff has actively supported exhibit programs at
the museum by curating the "History of Sexually Transmitted Disease" com-
ponent of the AIDS exhibition and an exhibit of wax dermatological models. In
addition exhibition, curation, and research support were provided for
forthcoming exhibits at the museum: AIDS and the Health Care Professions.
The Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter, and Medical Transportation Models.

The staff has been actively forging and maintaining ties with other museums
and professional organizations by presenting talks and papers at the
Aerospace Medical Association, the History Subgroup of the American
Association of Ophthalmologists, the History of Dermatology Society, the
American Association for the History of Medicine and its AIDS History Project,
the Washington Society for the History of Medicine, and the Medical Museums
Association.

Otis Historical Archives

There were 317 consultation requests from individuals seeking information
from the archives. These requests were categorized as follows: 89 written
requests 83 visiting researchers assisted, 129 telephone requests answered,
and 16AFIP staff requests. These numbers do not reflect museum staffs
research activities.

ffective- / '

During 1988 the archives added a moveable aisle.storage system, e
ly increasing shelf storage by approximately 70 percent. Reference services
for the archives were suspended tor a three-month period to facilitate the
move and reinstallation of collections. Current storage capacity is expected
to allow adequate storage for three years of moderate growth.

The primary research and work efforts during the year continued in archival
management, description and proper storage of a backlog of previously un-
treated and undescribed materials. Substantial numbers of finding aids were
produced for the most heavily used collections. Approximately 100 cubic feet
of paper records were processed, and nearly 100 cubic feet of materials were
added to the collections The archives received and processed 229 books as
transfers and gifts. Active volunteer support allowed archival preservation
activities on several significant photographic collections including the
Woodward glass plate negative collection and the Roy Reeve photograph col-
lection each numbering in excess of 50,000 items. Division staff members
were involved in cooperative research projects for several federal agencies,
military branches, and civilian organizations, including the United States Army
Surgeon General's Office, the Center for Military History, Walter Reed Army
Medical Center, the United States Public Health Service, and the Smithsonian
Institution The archives continued to assist the Judge Advocate General,
Department of the Army, and the Asbestos Litigation Branch. Torts Division.
Department of Justice, in compliance with orders concerning access to the
Arthur J. Vorwald Collection of Industrial Medicine.

The education mission of the archives included tours, loans, consultations,
and exhibit programs. Visitation to the Archives exceeded 100 individuals in
addition to researchers and tours in support of the .United States Army Nurse •
Recruiting Program. Twenty-nine items were loaned form archival collections
to exhibiting institutions, and the archives contributed extensively to the AIDS
exhibition currently on view at the museum.

158

Publications

Hawk, A.: Transportation of the Wounded: The Models of the Armed Forces
Medical Museum. Caduceus 3: 1-25, 1988.

Noe, A.: Aviation and Aerospace Medicine. In. The Smithsonian Institution
National Air and Space Museum Annotated Bibliography of Aviation and
Aerospace History, edited by DeVorkin, D. and Hardesty, V., Chicago Garland
Press, 1988.

Museum Programs Office

As a result of the previous AFIP manpower survey, the programs office mis-
sion statement was established, manpower requirements were increased and

new staff members, were recruited. Two positions wece_fiinded for AIDS -tyt/t

education through the American Registry of Pathology^sSaZheaHheduclloc. and
a visual information specialist. A part-time community relationTspecialist was
recruited through AFIP. Although the office is new, several important programs
were developed. More contacts were made with supportive community and
health agencies, and ideas were formulated for the National Museum of Health
and Medicine. An administrative structure was established, and functions were
more clearly defined for the staff.

Increased programming and planning facilitated permanent working relations
with many local and national agencies, several health institutes at NIH the
District of Columbia Health Department, the National Park Service, the National
Mental Health Association, the March of Dimes, the Centers for Disease
Control, the U.S. Public Health Service, and local hospitals and school systems
International links were established while presenting the Museum AIDS exhibit
to professional conventions in Puerto Rico, San Francisco, and Charleston, SC.

AIDS Education and Related Programs

In response to the increasing public health dimensions of AIDS, the programs
office developed an AIDS education exhibition that was opened at the Annual
Ash Lecture on June 1 by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop. The exhibition
emphasizes methods of transmission and prevention as well as presenting a
historical and social context for sexually transmissible diseases. The exhibit
was developed with the cooperation of the U.S. Public Health Service and the
National Institutes of Health. Two positions were funded to design the exhibit
and develop AIDS public education programs.

Not only was this one of the first museum AIDS exhibits in the world it was
also the first time in the recent history of the Medical Museum that an exhibit
was developed to educate visitors about current health concerns. Many or-
ganizations were contacted to facilitate planning, and working relationships
were established that are now being used for future exhibits. A cooperative
interagency exhibit design relationship was established with the Medical Art
Center at NIH, resulting in a modern state-of-the-art interactive exhibit. When
entered in competition, a three-dimensional model of the AIDS virus was
awarded first place prize by the Association of Medical Illustrators indicative
of the design quality.

Museum Education and Community Outreach

Other methods, procedures, and functions were identified and developed by
the staff and are condensed in the following paragraphs. The number of
programs planned is augmented to the work done by the office in preparing for
a future move and intensive programming.

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a. Publicity

The museum received multi-media coverage of the museum collections
and JrotrZt The addition of a part-time community relations spec.jlyt and
the new AFIP PAO position ensured continuous announcements of the facility
opening in local civilian and military papers. Articles were -written and
mihffid in The Washington Post. The Washington Times. The Boston Globe
ThpS^ieoo ReaSer local university newspapers, Soldier Magazine. Clinical
ChemiStr? News anc I several other sources. A 13-minute staff interview was
?eco7ded and distribufed by National Public Radio on "All Things Considered.
The ABC affLte stat o n in Dallas filmed a feature story that was aired in the
SSlthwSat The mileSm's brochures which were ordered the Previous year
arrived and were distributed. A new brochure is. being designed that reflect
new exhfbitsTd the museum's new official designation as "National Museum of
Health and Medicine of AFIP."

As the programs office expanded, mailing lists were developed for media, tour
fomSanies and all local schools and hospitals, and professional links were
5eve P .o n ped S w1t n h d th a 2se C o a rgani Z ations. Many of the contacts that were made in-
volve committing the museum to a program or offering it as ^ resource to a
community organization. The museum now requires a full-time community ^re a
Hons soecial Is ; Funds will be required to join local organizations such as the
Washington ConvenFior ? Center, the Chamber of Commerce, and Amenity
Planners, and for a travel budget for outreach programs.

b. Public Education and Volunteer P rogram

The number of walk-in visitors to the museum increased this year to a
total of 24 596 A random survey of 525 visitors to the museum cited word
of mouth" as their primary way of hearing about the museum. Hopeful y, in
%QS °theVe will l be mofl reports ;by local papers. One hundred fifth-five tours
we?e scheduled an3°ndivid P ual.y le'd by docents with J £70 PJJ 'C'pants. Th«
fiaure is lower than in previous years. In previous years, tour groups ot &u
X? more came t the ! museum and were given introductory lectures , m RusseH
Auditorium before being released into the museum unaccompanied. Lirn ting
four groups to 25 or lels ensures that the tour guide (docent -gives an infor-
mative session and is better able to answer the public's questions as they ac
c^omplny the docen around the collections. We have delayed mass mailings
fo Tour groups and schools until the office has trained more docents. Several
SaduitJ Soclnls from preceding years became ill or had o^w^^J
The total number of volunteer hours increased from last year, totalling 3,64a
Although the number of docent hours decreased, the increase . in total I hours
Reflects those volunteers who covered the desk on weekdays and weekends
and worked Mn the "archives and in the historical and anatomical divisions.
Additional staff support for the museum that required training/education came
from two part-time T learning-disabled students from Rock Terrace ™d two
students from theBarry School on a 10-week social-service internship.

Consultation and outreach activities with other organizations included logisti-
rai arranaements for seminars n Russell Auditorium for Tne American
Academy of Dermatology and the Medical Registrars of Kaiser Permanent*
etc : SSs Education Consultation was provided to agencies as diverse as .the
Postal Workers Health Insurance program and the Prince W.lham County
schools Svstem "On -Line" Productions used the museum's microscope col -
SSSns as I backdrop when producing a film for Lederle Labs about advances
in b Smedical knowledge The P Writers Center conducted a Journa sm evening
session at ?he museum touring the facility and interviewing the staff The first
a"n"al Smithsonian Resident Associate program was scheduled and has now
become a recurring sell-out event.

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™k! museum education profession were presented by visitina staff

w«hi e n rS t m , ? raduate clas ses at the University of Maryland and Georae
Washington University. Assistance and guidance was provided to J rfl 3

in.

Future Planning and Implementation

,i s a ta ^ 'shmg links with local agencies has involved much effort and oersis-
1h?^-# ° nc ? the jn.t.al co "i^unication is established, staff membirmusl then
^fio e n aS !° Wh0/What/Why we exist and w hat we can offer Ho P e™Hy this

A Friends of the Medical Museum organization will be deveionprf a n,,**
tionnaire that was developed this year is 9 stIH beta B rtstributSd to P determlS thi
Part -SiX notmon« aCt,Vi 'F'.™* newsle tter topics 9 and to compHe a mSng I st
Part-time positions must be increased to full-time status to a«Ui«j inthl tlill

oK^^T ' a nati0na ' program - W * m?8t TitLn tc our various ad' hSc"
nS.^,?^ 9 groups ' pub,ic interest surveys, visitor comments aSd

SK^SS SS.S^T 1 5S5SSSJS? t re,lec ' me -''="=-" "e

♦,«J!'i e s 4 erv i ces area of the program office will be developed As the oraaniza-
t.onai structure evolves, staff members are added, and activmls are olaSned
and ?IauSm h M T"/^ U,r ? S T p0rt (eg - Program/brochur > p oduction ffppifes
and t^ P ent ' aud,0 t v, ? ual ec l ui Pment, contracting of food service sneakers
™^h S pr ° gramSl etc) - ll is a challenging and exciting time to this *oHice--
cons.dermg prospective program ideas organization and I trackino of JSfion
plans to accomplish a program of "national" scope tracking of action

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National Museum of Health and Medicine

Marc S. Micozzi, M.D., Ph D
Director

Date of Appointment - June 1986

MISSION

To further public and professional understanding of human
ORGANIZATION

health and progress against disease.

Curator position over the internal ooiShS!? • t ^ establ,sh rnent of an Assistant Director/

open^e 6 ^2S&^?^^ffl^ « as a pub,*private mutua, co-
foundation, Inc., was incorporated i , thV DtottS SEX T" 1 ° f Heafth and Medicine

Everett Koop and has representation 'fmmw77!£? s r , Board of Trustees is chaired by Dr C
(HHS), National InstitutSS S^

American Pathologists, IheSES^ M k ed,Cal Association. Co^eof

Pharmaceutical industries. The otertarSfffiftiSES^ f ,he ^ manuf **"ers and
new museum exhibition and public wgrarr . LlK 1?" ,S .° ^ Se fan * ,0 buiW and operate a
accessible to the public. Thehu&^^SfJ^^^ wi " be more visible and

establish** mus n eu a mptS7 ffi ce to ^r ''^^nted with funds from USPHS to AF.P to
organizational stwcture J^^^^ * evelop a site. faculties requ remems

Accordingly during ISW.l^.'SSSJ^SS^ *"? ^^ f ° r,he ne * mus ^
the museum director. Congressional iSsZl?^ T* ft " 1Ct,0ns were established under

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, .'V.--."''V.!»

feasotte.

gsl&ffiS

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International Health, Health Care, History of Health and Medicine, and Biomedical Research and
Technology. It has been proposed that elements of this plan begin to be implemented in an
existing facility on the national Mall during 1990/91 . Press coverage of museum programs ap-
peared several times in the Washington Post as well as in many public newspapers and medical
publications around the country.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS

A museum traveling exhibit program was initiated in 1990 with exhibits received at AFIP on
loan from other organizations, and museum exhibits sent out on loan to other organizations. The
first major exhibition to be loaned to the museum in its present location (since 1971) was "Through
the Looking Glass: Headache Art" sponsored by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, from September 1989
through January 1990. The museum prepared and installed an exhibition on "Autopsy: Where
Death Comes to the Aid of Life" in conjunction with the annual Ash Lecture in June.

Exhibits were sent on loan to the Lee Building, Silver Spring, MD in conjunction with the
museum's active participation in the Battle of Ft. Stevens 125th Anniversary observance which
included public lectures and seminars at the Museum during June/July 1989. The Museum also
participated with the San Deigo Museum of Man in the exhibit "Mummies, Mayhem and Miseries"
which closed in May 1989 after having been visited by over 100,000 museum-goers in San Diego.

An interagency agreement was put in place between AFIP and the Office of Substance
Abuse Prevention, DHHS, for development, design, fabrication and installation of a state-of-the-art
exhibit/classroom/theater module on prevention of drug abuse utilizing new visual information
technologies and informal education approaches (to be installed in 1990). Additional support was
received through ARP for an exhibition on "Human Reproduction, Growth and Development" to be
installed in 1990.

The Museum was selected as a participant in the Year 2000 Health Objectives Program,
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, DHHS, and was requested to provide exhibits
that demonstrate public awareness for each of 20 health objectives for risk reduction and disease
prevention. These exhibits will be developed and displayed during the 1990's. The first demon-
stration project on our award-winning AIDS Education Exhibition will be sent for display in the
Hubert H. Humphrey building, DHHS headquarters, on the Mall commencing summer/fall 1990.
The Museum has proposed to DHHS that the exhibit program in the Humphrey building be ex-
panded to allow the millions of visitors to the national mall each year to be exposed to health and
medical exhibits.

The Museum submitted a proposal with the Pan American Health Organization to the Inter-
American Development Bank for a multi-million dollar traveling exhibit program on the history of
health and medicine in the New World in conjunction with the Christopher Columbus Quincente-
nary in 1992.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Museum staff developed a long-range scientific research program development plan based
upon museum collections and staff expertise for anatomical and anthropometric analysis and
technical methods development, human nutrition, autopsy repository, tissue preservation methods
recovery and analysis of human remains, forensic medical sciences, and interdisciplinary research

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in medical history. Collaborative research projects continued with the Smithsonian Institution, the
National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and various colleges and
universities.

The museum received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for recovery and
analysis during 1989 of organic remains from the University of Colorado archaeologic excavation
of El Ceren, El Salvador. Staff will return to the project in 1990 with funds from NSF and National
Geographic.

Museum staff presented numerous papers at scientific and scholarly meetings and published
numerous articles in the peer-reviewed scientific and scholarly literature.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT

Collections management activities continued over existing collections and in acquisition of major
new collections in 1989 . The Milton M. Helpen Collection of the New York Medical Examiner
'Museum was donated to the Museum and the entire collection (N=2000) was transferred here ,
without a single lost or damaged object. The Hans Popper Hepatopathology collection was trans-
ferred from Mt. Sinai Medical School. An extensive collection of medical prosthetic devices was
transferred from the Hospital for Special Surgery - Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York to
expand the Museum's standard reference collection of biomedical technology. Numerous addi-
tional collections from around the country were assessed and inventoried for transfer during 1990.

ADMINISTRATION

Staff

Orla O'Reilly Administrator
Theresa Strong.Administrative Assistant
(D) Rene Pfister, Clerk-Typist
Christopher Pirtle, Clerk-Typist
TrishaPage, Student-Intern
Serita Hewitt, Security Guard

The Museum administration office was established 5 September by transferring the Administra-
tor from the programs office and relocating supporting staff and equipment from G053 to G037.
All administrative functions were centralized in this office. Typing AF and ARP contracting,
supplies, purchase requests, personnel, safety, security, education, space utilization, communica-
tions, transportation and all logistical support are facilitated by the administrative office.

Several exhibit booth outreach efforts were accomplished this year. Locations were selected at
national conventions in Washington and staffed by staff and volunteers. These provided an ideal
way to promote the museum and establish contacts with a population without prior knowledge of
the museum. Booths were at the:

- American Association for World Health Convention: PAHO Building
-Washington Adventist Hospital Health Fair

-American Federation of Teachers National Convention: Washington Hilton
-Georgetown University Health Fair
-National Convention on AIDS in Minority Populations: Sheraton Washington

183

Other community groups were supported when the Museum co-sponsored dances and other
healthy activities, at the historic Forest Glen Ballroom. Five dances were sponsored as well as a
two day dance workshop. Many health-oriented community agencies were sent information about
the Museum and offered possibilities for its use for lectures, after hour receptions, and other
activities.

The long awaited museum security guard contract was awarded to Hills Capital Security, pro-
viding the Museum with security coverage during all public opening hours. As program staff in-
creased their planning and development efforts, less time could be dedicated to interacting directly
with the public. Ms. Hewitt has been an invaluable asset to all the staff and volunteers. A new
position was recruited but not supported for the front desk. This position is crucial for the
Museum. .

Several local universities were contacted seeking graduate students for museum work. A Uni-
versity of Maryland public health education student worked with the programs office doing sub-
stance abuse prevention research.

Many personnel actions were processed as interns departed and Museum personnel actions
updated. The impending hiring freeze left us short staffed due to the length of processing time for
recruitments and classifications by CPO. At the end of the year 5 actions were still left uncom-
pleted despite numerous verbal and written requests for updates.

As the Museum continues to expand, the need for adequate staffing and space remain essen-
tial. The museum acquired G023 from SID for collections acquisition and management. The
space has already been filled by the New York Medical Examiner Museum. The Museum expects
9 more collections within the next year.

ABSTRACTS 1989

1 . Saul, F.P., MCQZZi, M.S. (1 989) The identification of fleshed remains: The changing role of
the forensic anthropologist (II), American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, p. 1 18.

2. Klepinger, L.L., Kate. D., MiCQZZi, M.S. (1989) Evaluation of pubic aging methods. Ibid, p.
116.

3. MfiQzzL M.S. (1989) The role of a medical museum in recovery and analysis of human
skeletal remains from historic sites. Northeastern Anthropological Association Annual Meetinqs
Montreal, Canada.

4. Fishrnan. C. Suarez. C. Evans, R., (Mjcozzl M.S., presenter) (1989) Growth of Southeast
Asia children enrolled in a Los Angeles WIC program. Am J. Phys Anthropol. 78: 220-221 .

5. MicflzzL M.S. (1989). The present and future of the National Museum of Health and Medicine,
in Invited Session on Foundations of American Anthropology: The Army Medical Museum in
Washington, DC. American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting, Washington DC p. 101 .

6. M i cozzi . M.S., Miller, P.S. (1990) What is Forensic Anthropology. American Academy of Fo-
rensic Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio.

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7. MJCQZZi. MS, (1990) reliability of self-reported height and weight in the U.S. National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey, Ibid.

8. MiCQZZi. M.S. (1990) Ft; Erie Project: The Authorized Version, Ibid.

9. Mjcsazi, M.S., Garruto, R. (1990) Planning the future of the National Museum of Health and
Medicine. American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting, Miami, FL

ARTICLES . * ■

1 . Schatzkin, A.G., Piantadosi, S., Micozzi, M.S., Bartee, D. (1989) Alcohol consumption and
breast cancer: A cross-national correlation study. Int. J. Epidemiology 18 (1):28-31.

2. Micozzi, M.S., Carter, C. L, Albanes, D.A., Taylor, P.R., Licitra, L.M. (1989) Bowel function
and breast cancer in U.S. women. Am. J. Pub. Health 79:73-75.

3. Brown, E.D., Micozzi, M.S., Beiri, J., Beecher, G.R.. Edwards, B., Rose, A., Smith J.C.
(1989) Plasma response to single ingestion of carotenoid-containing vegetables and beta-caro-
tene supplements. A. J. Clinical Nutrition 49: 58-65.

4. Micozzi, M.S., and Taylor, PR. (1989) Carotenodermia and red palm oil. Am. J. Clinical
Nutrition 49: 1330-31. (Author's reply).

5. Stevens, R.G.. Jones, D: Y., Micozzi, M.S., Taylor, P.R. (1989) Body Iron stores and the risk
of cancer. New Engl J. Med. 320:1014 (Letter).

6. Micozzi, M.S., Albanes, D., Stevens, R. (1989) Relation of body size and composition to
clinical, biochemical and hematological indices in U.S. men and women. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition
60:1276-81.

Office of the Registrar

MISSION

The mission of the Office of The Registrar for the National Museum of Health and Medicine is to
facilitate and maintain registration procedures for incoming and outgoing ban transactions and
museum acquisitions.

STAFF

(A) Donna Quist, Registrar

Laurie Carroll, Assistant Registrar

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

The Office of the Registrar was unstaffed throughout 1989 due to ongoing personnel actions.

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Outgoing Loans

During the calendar year 1989 the Museum coordinated and negotiated 1 1 outgoing loan
transactions which included 15 anatomical specimens, 8 historical objects, and 241 archival
documents and films. Renegotiations were made for several outgoing loans which include the
Thomas Eakins painting on display at the National Gallery of Art and a collection of nursing related
artifacts being exhibited in the Women's Corridor at the Pentagon in Arlington, VA.

Incoming I pans

The Museum continues to display artifacts on loan from the National Library of Medicine and the
Smithsonian Institution in The History Of Sexually Tra nsmitted Diseases exhibit.

Acquisitions

The Museum accepted several large and significant acquisitions. The first of which was the
Feur Collection of over 135 artifacts representing post World War II medical practices in the United
States; the Burnstein Collection consisting of 88 joint prostheses; and the New York Medical
Examiner's Collection, a collection of forensic medicine encompassing 144 historical objects, 4100
anatomical specimens and several hundred autopsy records and provenance documentation.

DEPARTMENTAL GOALS

The Office of the Registrar will continue to support the historical, anatomical, and archival divisions
of the Museum in an ongoing attempt to obtain a climate controlled environment and adequate
storage space for the proper care of the Museum's collections.

Anatomical Collections

STAFF

Professional

Paul S. Sledzik, M.S., Collections Manager
(A) Yvette LeGrande, B.S., Plastination Technician
(D) Gloria J. y'Edynak, Ph.D., Curator
(A/D) Allison Webb, Ph.D. Candidate, Museum Technician
(D) Sean P. Murtphy, B.A., Museum Technician

The anatomical collections of the NMHM began the year with three full-time staff members.
During the summer, staff size was increased by one full-time museum technician and a full-time
student intern from the DoD Mentor Program. Sean Murphy departed to continue graduate studies
in anthropology. Yvette LeGrande was hired through ARP as a plastination technician. Gloria
y'Edynak left her position as curator. The assistance of student aides and volunteers in the
anatomical collections deserves special recognition.

In 1989, the anatomical collections incurred many changes in staffing, with an overall loss in
number of staff by year's end. However, we were able to complete most of the goals set for the
year in addition to taking on new collections and responsibilities. As a result, the continual tasks of

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collections management increased in scope.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT

SSS 01 " 9 i aSkS .° f f°!!, ections management included completion of 75% of the Civil War skeletal
SfSf* a " J e Z y a ' ° f the wet tissue collection - Rehousing of accession records with acid-
free paper and folders also continued, with nearly haff of the records now in proper storage A

SS^IS 8 contracted t0 review tne conservation needs of the anatomical collections The
report crted the current storage and environmental conditions of the skeletal and anatomical
preparation collections and provided the staff with a bibliography for further research.

NEW COLLECTIONS

Jh^SS^ tfanSf f ' °!, th( L Mi,ton Helpern, M.D., New York City Medical Examiner Collection to
21^^S- C0 [!? eted . ,n December - Tnis unj q u e and important collection of anatomical and
n ilETS -%S a " d J J P ec ! mens refl ects nearly 50 years of collection at the New York City Office
SnJ . f£jf i Examiner. The NMHM/AFIP transferred approximately 1800 wet tissue and

300 skeletal specimens without loss or damage.

The Hans Popper Collection of Hepatopathotogy was received this year as well as the remain-
ingskeletal specimens of the soldiers from the Snake Hill War of 1812. Transfer of numerous
specimens from AFIP was also completed.

PLASTINATION LABORATORY

The NMHM/AFIP Plastination Laboratory was reinitiated in September with the hiring of Yvette
-2L i !! , plast,nat ' on technician. Current developments and new techniques in plastination
!Z 1 "1 attendan ce at the Plastination Laboratory. Mercer University Medical School

SSSrSTr e W.° , - the "Iff ma,ional Society for Plastination at the University of Tennessee-
*0£L i s ^ ° f Ve,ennar y Medrcine. Despite some logistical setbacks, necessary equipment
for the plastination process was received in October.

LOANS

111?! 9, !°» an ! °- s f 3ecin \ ens from the collections were made to several institutions. The National
c£Zi Medlc,ne used ske,etal specimens for an exhibit on the history of neurosurgery. Several
skeletal specimens were loaned to the San Diego Museum of Man for an exhibit on osteopathol-
ogy i nis exhibit was opened for the annual meeting of the American Association of Physical
Amhropologjsts, the Paleopathology Association, and the Human Biology Council. The loan of wet

2KETE" *. U f UH k S WaS renewed ,his year ' and a bimonth| y bating toan agreement was
Sl^icf ™ ° <™*W*>fral material was loaned to the Oregon Hearth Sciences Unh/er-
!l y rl mS '. ?? ^ mp u ter Imagin9 analvse s- Several loans of skeletal specimens for research
AFIP staff Smrtnsonian Institution. We also continued loans of specimens for teaching to

RESEARCH REQUESTS

The staff of anatomical collections responded to 20 research requests in 1989. These included

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regimental history research on two Civil War regiments, 28th Massachusetts and 27th Indiana.
Photographs of several specimens for publication in books and articles were supplied to the Arthur
Sackler Gallery, Adelphi University, Prentice Hall Publishers, and the National Museum of Natural
History. Consultation with AFIP staff for diagnosis of unlabeled gross specimens continued with
the assistance of Drs. Selby, Conran, and Popek from the Department of Pediatric Pathology.

EDUCATION

The second annual Forensic Anthropology course was successfully completed in May 1989. This
week-long course included speakers from AFIP, Smithsonian Institution, University of South
Carolina, and Medical College of Ohio. This year's class of forty included forensic pathologists,
medical examiners, law enforcement personnel, anthropologists, and dentists.

FIELD WORK AND OTHER ACTIVITIES

The anatomical collections staff was also involved in archaeological and physical anthropological
fieldwork at several sites. Participation in a classic Mayan site in El Ceren, El Salvador, was
supported by the National Science Foundation, and involved conservation support. Excavation
and analysis of skeletal remains and mummies from San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, continued this
year. Locally, the museum staff worked in association with the Smithsonian Institution and the
National Park Service in the excavation and analysis of a family burial ground in Manassas,
Virginia.

The anatomical collections were also used in the filming of a public television documentary film
on the assassination of President James Garfield and the trial of his assassin, Charles Giteau.

Special tours of the anatomical collections were conducted for several groups including the FBI
Scientific Analysis Section and professionals from American University, Florida Atlantic University,
and the Smithsonian Institution.

SYMPOSIA

In March, a symposium entitled "Research at Snake Hill: A War of 181 2 Cemetery" was held at the
Northeastern Anthropological Association meetings in Montreal. Papers by museum staff included
the following:

Mann, R.W. and Murphy, S.P.: Skeletal Indicators of Physical Stress in the Fort Erie Soldiers:
Schmorl's Depressions, Cortical Defects, and Wedge Vertebrae.

Micozzi, M.S.: The Role of a Medical Museum in Recovery and Analysis of Human Skeletal
Remains.

Noe, A.: Medical History and the Fort Erie Project.

Sledzik, P.S. and Moore-Jansen, P.: Dental Pathology of the Snake Hill Soldiers.

In April, Gloria y'Edynak chaired a symposium at the American Association of Physical
Anthropology/Dental Anthropology Association annual meetings entitled "Genetic and Environ-
mental Components of Tooth Size and Morphology: Implications for Population Studies".

In November, a symposium entitled "Foundations of American Anthropology: The Army

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Medical Museum in Washington, DC" was presented at the American Anthropological Association
meetings in Washington. Organized by Paul Sledzik and Gloria y'Edynak, the symposium in-
cluded the following papers:

Sledzik, P.S.: The Army Medical Museum, the Anthropological Society of Washington, and the
American Anthropologist: A Brief History.

Gindhart, P.S.: Dr. Lamb's Legacy.

Schmidt, D.J.: The Smithsonian Institution and the Army Medical Museum: A Cooperative Collect-
ing and Research History.

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y'Edynak, G. and Murphy, S.P.: The Skeletal Collections of the Army Medical Museum: Review of
Current Research.

Bennett D.W. and Rhode, M.: Anthropological Research in Medical Archives.

Noe, A.: Army Anthropometry: Two Views.

Micozzi, M.S.: The Present and Future of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology.

PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS

Sledzft PS. Cutmarks on bone and the instruments that make them. American Journal Physical
Anthropology, 78(2):304, 1989.

y'Edynak G. Disease and dimensional compensation during Yugoslav dental reduction. American
Journal Physical Anthropology, 78(2):327, 1989.

PUBLISHED ARTICLES

Sledzik, P.S. and Murphy, S.P. Osteopathology at the National Museum of Health and Medicine,
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. British Paleopathology Newsletter, 6:1 1-14. April, 1989.

PAPERS PRESENTED

15-19 MAR 1989 Northeastern Anthropological Association. Yugoslav Mesolithic-Neolithic Dental
Reduction. By G. y'Edynak.

3-7 APR 1989 Paleopathology Association/American Association Physical Anthropologists.
Trauma and initial bone response: A study of the time interval. By M.A. Kelley, S.P. Murphy, and
P.S.SIedzik..

3-7 APR 1989 Paleopathology Association/American Association Physical Anthropologists.
Disease and dimensional compensation during Yugoslav dental reduction. By G. y'Edynak.

15-19 NOV 1989 American Anthropological Association. Interpretation of vertebrae from a
military aircraft accident. By S.L. Lawrence and G. y'Edynak.

PUBUC LECTURES

3 APR 1989 San Diego Museum of Man. Case Studies from the National Museum of Health and

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Medicine, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. By P.S. Sledzik.

ii^l ^!? 89 Forensic Sciences Day/Ohio Embalmers Association, Medical College of Ohio
Toledo Oho. The Anatomical Collections of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology. By P.S. Sledzik.

VISITING LECTURERS

Dr. Charlotte Roberts, Calvin Wells Laboratory for Burial Archaeology, University of Bradford-
Trauma and Treatment in the British Historic Period". 7 FEB 1989.

Dr. Keith Manchester, Calvin Wells Laboratory for Burial Archaeology, University of Bradford-
Bone Changes in Leprosy: A Clinical, Radiological, and Osteological Consideration". 30 MAR
■ 989.

Dr. Payson Sheets. Professor, University of Colorado: "Biomedical Research at El Ceren A
Classic Mayan Archaeological Site in El Salvador". 27 MAY 1 989.

Mr. William Mulder. Curator. Leiden Anatomical Museum: -16th Century Dutch Anatomical Collec-
tions . 18 SEP 1989.

Dr. Yasar Iscan, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Florida Atlantic University: "Research
Strategies in Forensic Anthropology". 17 NOV 1989.

Historical Collections

STAFF

Adrienne Noe. Curator and Assistant Director. Museum
Alan Hawk, Collections Manager v
(D) Matthew Burke, Student Intern
Sol Pargament, Volunteer

MISSION

Historical Collections is responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and research of artifacts
documenting the scientific, social and institutional history of medicine and the evolution of medical
and related technologies. The collection is made available to medical professionals, historians
and the general public through exhibits in the museum, loans to other sites, individualized study
and publications.

CONSULTATION

The division responded to 75 written and telephone inquiries about its holdings and related mat-
£L u provided Professional consultations to several museums and galleries, including the
Hobb House Medical Museum in Gainsville, Florida, and the Cape Medical Museum of the Repub-

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m^u ^"f ".f Noe and A,an Hawk were selected as consultants to the Stonestreet

JSfiilSS 1111 '" R0CkV " ,e ' ^ ary ' and> by the MontQ °™ry County Historical Society to evaluate
their collections management plans to be funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

RESEARCH

^f«fK b Jl5, a !I ProVid f 1 artifaCt and research support for numerous museum exhibits, including
!?2n2 btoodlett ' n 9. and medicinal leeches. Civil War medical instruments, the medical response
n oZS- tr f5 0rtatl0n °! the wounded, wax models, and the fluorescence activated cell sorter.
£X?!!^i° fe l e f rch required in support of staff and outside in q uir 'es. division staff provided
^S^u? ° r numerOUS collections °«ered to the museum as potential acquisitions, for

S on m IT pro | eCtS ° n the histor y of ^icine. and for several plamJed exhibits Staff also
1Z2%S££ k " * ln l rtUte ° f Mental Health panel(D > Matthew Burke . Stud ent Intern to discuss

m^S Tmo ^fh^ k,Pm f? l nL a u na,i0nal mental health ^psychiatry historical archive and
museum, and on the National AIDS History Research Group.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT

Sf Sf " ^P'^fd a computerized inventory of 7.729 artifacts in storage areas and on exhibit

SZSSEZ"? m? A ? E P,0VideS timely and precise informatioLn the loStton ofapl '
E *J° PW , am J* the h,storical collections. Artifacts are listed by catalog and accession
.nT^Tn 3 f Cto SV accortiin 9 t0 the Nation a' Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Head-
ing scheme. A second phase of the collections management process began by refinina the initial

foSr^ 3109 - M ° re d6tai,ed and thorDU9h,y ' esearched ^cTdescriptions a?e I iSed
«m55 n e M eVen J > ?, rCent ° f the collections . '"eluding all new accessions and loaned or
mil^3 6 ,nstal,at,on of ten ™seum storage cases completed a major portion of the

«n« ^ S mana9ement Stora9e area - which uses ** cablets to store 5.390 artifacts

ranging from synnges to surgical kits.

vJmSSSI e Mt!'ru a 7 ,aC,S .in e donated to the collections in 1989. The major collec-

SinaloS SJ2?l!t S*Ti M °- N6W Y0rk City Medical Examiner C 011 ^ 10 " ° f a *ifacts
SrS a,m!^h rt S Vrt |? S , and doc ^ mentin g f °rensic medical techniques; the Hospital for
t^nLlf* * 0rt 5°P ed J c Reference Collection, which includes numerous new and retrieved

wnS!?h ff S: a "u d the F6Uer c 011 **' 00 of 1 35 artifacts documenting the practice of a mid-
twentieth century physician.

Numerous artifacts were loaned to other institutions for exhibition.
PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS, AND EDUCATION

»nH ff ,n! a i bpated in SeVeral formal and in,ormal meetings relating to the activities of the collections
Sit! 7J7 m: • me T 9S ° f the Royal Mi coscopical Society. The Maryland Microscopical

vSS^S^S^ 80 ^ f °, rthe HiSt0ry ° f Medicine ' ,he Medical Museums Association.
Z |S2 w t u he f H,St0r y ° f 1^""°^. t^ Washington Society for the History of Medicine, and
the Society for History in the Federal Government.

Presentations and pnhii^jnnff

15 February 1989. North East Anthropological Association: Fort Erie. A Medicohistorical Report

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by A. Noe, presented by P. Sledzik.

20 March 1989. National AIDS History Workshop: AIDS and the National Museum of Health and
Medicine, by A. Noe.

2 May 1989. Medical Museums Association: Report to the President, by A. Noe presented by A
Hawk.

9 May 1989. Aerospace Medical Association: History and the Association, by A. Noe.

19 November 1989. American Anthropological Association: Army Anthropometry, Two Views, in
a session entitled "Foundations of American Anthropology: The Army Medical Museum in Wash-
ington, DC," by A. Noe.

Hawk, Alan: Book Review, A Medic's War by Albert Cowdrey. Public Historian, forthcoming.

Noe. Adrianne: Earfy Aeromedical Research at the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, forthcoming.

Noe, Adrianne: Fort Erie, A Medicohistorical Report. Jn Report on the Snake Hill Site, edited by
R. Williamson, forthcoming.

A series of articles on the dermatobgical models in the collection appears regularly in the
International Journal of Dermatology, by Lawrence Charles Parish, M.D. and A. Noe.

Otis Historical Archives

The Otis Historical Archives began the year with two new staff members: Robert Montgomery.
Archives Technician arid Michael Rhode, Archivist, who replaced Daniel Bennett. In a museum
reorganization, the OHA assumed the role of a collecting division.

The OHA received a total of 199 extramural research requests and responded to extensive
additional AFIP and NMHM requests. It received 77 telephone requests for information and 82
mailed requests. Forty visitors completed in-depth research on the premises, frequently over
several days. The Vorwald Collection of materials on industrial medicine was especially active due
to continuing abestos-related litigation.

The OHA accessioned several major collections into its holdings during the year. It received the
Montgomery Collection of materials relating to physical therapy and nursing, the Terry audiotape
collection of Dr. Lent Johnson's medical lectures, and the United States Army Veterinary Corps
Archives, which included two book collections— the Dildine and the Owens. It also added the
Pearse Collection of World War I material, the Pediatric Pathology videotape collection, an assort-
ment of WRAMC videotapes, the Kavruk intelligence testing and industrial psychology collection,
the fetal pathology photographic collection from the AFIP Department of Pediatric Pathology,
bibliographic materials from the Fort Meyer Museum, the Torp film collection on physical therapy
and materials from the New York Medical Examiner's Office. OHA has continued assembling
collections of materials researched at the NMHM, such as manuscripts, published documents, and
documentary fjlms.

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OHA staff intensified the continuing project to produce a computerized inventory, and
description of the OHA collections. During the year, over 6130 photographs were entered into a
database and six other collections were fully described. This resulted in a total of 13 new finding
aids, which are available to researchers and other institutions.

Several special projects were initiated. The Army Medical Museum collection of glass plate
negatives dating from the Spanish American War in 1898 is being printed by a private contractor.
This contractor also printed portraits of prominent Washington medical professionals from. the
Woodward glass negative collection, which date from the Civil War. Neither collection had been
printed since the photographs were taken. Conservation surveys were commissioned for some of
the museum's oil paintings and the recommendations of the conservator are currently under
advisement. A project to survey and describe the OHA film collection is under way and the films
and inventory will begin to serve as an active complement to the collection at the National Library
of Medicine.

At the American Anthropological Association meeting on November 19, 1989, Michael Rhode
presented "Anthropological Research in Medical Archives" by Daniel Bennett and Michael Rhode
in a session entitled "Foundations of American Anthropology: The Army Medical Museum in
Washington, DC."

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Exhibits Division

The Exhibits Division is responsible for all exhibits and graphics support for the National Museum
of Health and Medicine, and includes two staff members: Douglas Landry, Visual Information
Specialist, and Richard Rapoza, Exhibit Specialist. In 1989, the division produced and installed ten
new exhibits, including several additions to the AIDS Exhibition. As of December 31 , 1989, the
exhibits staff has seven other exhibits well under way, including plans for refurbishing and re-
mounting older cases utilizing more current conservation technologies. In addition, the division has
produced posters, slides, and illustrations in support of staff professional activities, as well as
providing interior designs for the future museum.

The exhibit staff participated in international meetings and gatherings of museum leaders to
discuss exhibition ideas and philosophies. The staff also collects and maintains a slide library of
national and international museums as a planning reference of various exhibit styles and visual
information technologies.

The exhibit staff makes provisions for the safe shipping of all museum artifacts and was respon-
sible for the design and construction of shipping cases and transportation of over 2,200 artifacts
from the New York Medical Examiner's museum. As of December, the division began plans for the
installation of the AIDS Exhibition in the Health and Human Services building located near the Mall
in Washington, D.C.

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Division of Museum Programs, July through December, 1989

For the first half of 1989 the Division of Museum Programs was under the aegis of the Museum
Programs Administrator, whose report appears under separate cover. This report lists additional
activities undertaken during that period, and provides descriptions of plans, programs and activities
for the remainder of the year.

Contacts were established or expanded with, or consuftationwas provided to, the following indi-
viduals, groups or museums:

Foundation for Health Education re: substance abuse prevention

Association of Science and Technology Centers re: possibility of an AIDS traveling exhibit

New York Hall of Science

Jean-Michel Tobelem, visiting French museologist

Food and Drug Administration

Science Center, Davis, California

American Red Cross re: transplantation exhibit

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH)

Weller Health Education Center (Easton, PA)

Pan American Health Organization

Department of Health and Human Services

Maryland Science Center (Baftimore, M D.)

Roper Mountain Science Center, Greenville, SC

Whitman-Walker Clinic re: AIDS education

D.C. and Montgomery County Public Schools re: AIDS education

Project Hope re: AIDS education

Smithsonian Institution Resident Associates Program

Smithsonian Institution Anacostia Neighborhood Museum

Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History

American College of Preventive Medicine

University of the District of Columbia re: Career Day participation in program for summer
youth

National Library of Medicine

D.C. Council on the Humanities

WRAMC Health Promotion Program - participation in WRAMC Health Fair

Metropolitan area volunteer bureaus

D.C. Councilmember Charlene Drew Jarvis

W.J. Mulder, Medical Museum, Leiden, Netherlands

Drs. Wolffs and Janssen, Dutch National Health Education Center Project. Rotterdam

Netherlands
Washington Museums Collaborative
Museum Store Association

In June, Dick Levinson was hired (ARP) through a grant from the College of American Patholo-
gists as a part-time consultant to begin work on the upgrading of the Museum exhibit on Autopsy
and on a brochure to accompany the exhibit. On October 1 , he became a full time ARP Education
bpecialist in the Museum. Sheila Pinsker, who had occupied that position for the preceding fiscal
year became the Curator of Education. Staff of the Programs Office presently consists of these

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B recordations X,* Mure **""" 3nd wi " ** a* 1 "***" in the section of

P during February and Marefc ° " ec " ons ' A sma " W 01 * 0| "«* weekday docenls was trained

I —21,840 walk-ins

^SL^SSS^S!^ events - such as users 0f Russe " audftorium .

| ouTrelc^

. flon^SSS: tt^222 ,n " T Pr6Venti0n WaS b< * un wfth *» *«*■

1 As a result. aooSKS^tort foTrT^L 9 ^ ^ 501 (C) 3 sta,us ^exempt, non-profit).

" Exhibition has beS^^fiSSSSSip ? * "^ SubS,anCe **"»• Prevention

B Curator of Education to the WeMer hSES ? FHE team ,ntrodu ced the Museum Director and

substarice abuse ^eventtoneS
exhibit elements 'JflHte^Bd to £1 K£S '" USS '" the past Several * ears - S°™ ° f «»e
design elements wi SSS£? ^3^?^ n ™ ^fP**' programmatic and

IAFIP using end of year MDmSes FhS ^JS^^T^ was provided throu 9 h
who will work in the Droaram TS SJIS 9 f to .P«««de funds for the teacher/health educator
tion. Pro9ram ' and ,0 prov,de ""°rmat.onal and logistical support for exhibit crea

B Health and Human Sovtoe? A MerTrlS 'n f !? h Adm ! nistra,ion of «» U.S. Department of

and AFIP: this permrts us?of th^^Hu^T^ 9 haS been signed **■»« °SAP
OSAP, money in hand wS ^w out ^ a^ S'" 9 'T 9 " a " inter - a 9 enc V tranafar of monies,
these contracts for design fSLn LSt!1 ° TO*** and W '" 0versee ,he lettin 9 of
| teenagers, aduHs. arXiS^ *• ««* ^ "■ ~» ^h,

„ ^'c^ Pa * J"** as they pre-

tourists to various partSSes *md ESSS? 1 ° f 3 ?"* SerV ' Ce bus *» which b ™9*

■ special exhibit wascrSS^ STiSS J*?' "T f ° r Civ " War reenac,ors as "">". A
Georgia Avenue and cSteRc^d'^

c».a ooiesv.ue Road, promoting the Museum's participation in the Fort Stevens "

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Anniversary.

On October 8, the Museum installed its first major loan exhibit: Headache Art, sponsored by
Sandoz Pharmaceuticals. The sponsorship also included a press preview at the National Press
Club, wrth Dr. C. Everett Koop speaking on the Museum's behalf; a gala opening night reception in
the useum, and provision of educational materials about headache for Museum visitors. The
exhibrt remained open until January 24. 1990. and has paved the way for exploration of ongoing
cooperative efforts between the Museum and BBK. the Boston public relations firm which handled
tne bandoz exhibit and which represents other companies which may be interested in workinq with
us on health and medically related education and exhibit efforts.

A major collaborative project began with the Department of Human Services. Office of Disease
Prevention and Hearth Promotion: Health Objectives for the Year 2000. We served at workshop
sessons to help critique the objectives, and began planning for possible use of the Museum AIDS
exhibit and other teaser exhibits which could be installed in the lobby of the HHS building opposite
the Mall in conjunction with the launching of the Year 2000 objectives programs.

Public relations efforts resulted in contacts with TV stations planning future programs with
possible museum involvement (e.g., Nippon TV about our Japanese mannequins), and publication
of stones, articles and reviews in such publications as the Washington Post. New Physician Maga-
zine, and Science World.

A staff member was invited to serve on the board of Directors of the Consumer Hearth Informa-
tion Research Institute, on the Program Committee of the Museum Education Roundtable and as
a member of the Metropolitan Area AIDS Educators.

Futureplans include upgrading of the AIDS education exhibition and the Autopsy exhibit- pro-
duction of brochures about both of these; production of a new museum brochure; exhibits on sub-
stance abuse prevention, transplantation, and Lyme Disease; new loan exhibits; training of new
docents to expand tour services; and continued collaborative efforts to promote the museum's
concepts, goals, and national status.

In order to meet these objectives, additional staff are required to provide:

— Education components as part of all exhibit planning, execution, and utilization

— Education components as part of all publication and media efforts of the Museum

— More extensive and in-depth training and supervision of the decent and other volunteer

programs

— Full time coverage by paid personnel of theMuseulm lobby information desk

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NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE

OF THE AFIP

Marc S. Micozzi, M.D., Ph.D.

Director

Date of Appointment - June 1 986

MISSION

To further public and professional understanding of human health and progress against disease.

ORGANIZATION

In December 1988, the AFIP Board of Governors changed the official designation of the Museum
from the "Medical Museum of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology" to the "National Museum
of Health and Medicine of the AFIP." In June 1989, the National Museum of Health and Medicine
Foundation, Inc., was chartered in the District of Columbia as a private, nonprofit, tax-exempt
organization to work in partnership with AFIP and the ARP in the development of new museum
programs and facilities. This work is undertaken as a public-private mutual cooperative effort
under Public Law 94-361, Sections 1 76 and 1 77.

The Foundation has no employees. It works with a number of consultants and primarily
volunteers, including a 27-member Board of Trustees chaired by former Surgeon General C.
Everett Koop, a large National Advisory Council, and 24 active museum volunteers and docents.
The staff of the National Museum of Health and Medicine of the AFIP operates all museum pro-
grams and facilities.

The Museum consists of the Office of the Director and the following divisions:
Division of Collections and Research
Division of Education and Exhibits
Division of Operations and Administration

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

STAFF

Marc S. Micozzi, M.D., Ph.D., Director

James Damato, COL, MS, USA, Executive Administrator

Orla O'Reilly, Project Officer

Theresa Strong, Secretary

Rosa McCoy, Clerk-Typist

Tricia Paige, Student Intern

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Exhibits: Douglas Landry
Richard Rapoza

Community Relations: Richard Levinson

Volunteer/Tour Program: Jeanne Levin

The Museum restructured its administrative functions and responsibilities to reflect new and
expanding missions. This organization has allowed for better centralization of administrative
functions and logistical support as well as enabling closer working relations between the Museum,
the Foundation, and the AFIP.

This was the first year that the Foundation worked directly with museum staff and funded several
programs. The Foundation's activities are reported separately in an effort to illustrate this relation-
ship and how it has helped the museum's public programs.

DIVISION OF COLLECTIONS AND RESEARCH
STAFF

Adrianne Noe, Ph.D., Assistant Director, NMHM, for Collections and

Research
Laurie Carroll, M.A., Collections Manager

the newly established Division of Collections and Research includes all museum collections and
related activities and their staffs: Anatomical, Historical, the Otis Historical Archives, and the Office
of the Registrar. Reports for each of these units follow. The division also provides management,
direction, and implementation of interdisciplinary Museum-wide collecting and research activities.
In 1 990, this has included the coordinated initial work and acquisition of several large research
collections: the Carnegie Human Embryological Collection from the California Regional Primate
Research Center at Davis, CA; documentation for the Milton Helpern, M.D., Forensic Collection;
and the Lindenberg Neuropathology Collection from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner at
Baltimore, MD. In addition, general automated accessions policies have been implemented and
new off-site collections management areas established.

HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS

STAFF

Adrianne Noe, Curator
Alan Hawk, Collections Manager
Sol Pargament, Docent/Volunteer
(A) Matthew Ake, Volunteer

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Historical Collections is responsible for the acquisition and preservation of artifacts documenting
the history of medicine, the evolution of medical technology, and contemporary medica activities.
The collection, which was started in 1864, is made available for the education of medical profes-
sionals, historians, and the public through exhibits in the Museum, loans to other institutions, and
individualized study and research. Coals include the continued extensive cataloging tasks atten-
dant to managing a growing documentaiy collection, furthering the role of the Institute as a
national repository of biomedical inventions and innovations, and the dissemination of related
information by catalogs, exhibitions, publications, and researcher access.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT

Computerized inventory of artifacts stored in Hammond Hall, the microscope storage area, ^

Siliphant Hall, off-site storage and the exhibit halls now include 8,542 artifacts, approximately 85%
of historical collections. The artifacts included are listed by catalog number, accession number
classification based on the Medical Subject Headings Index generated by the National Library of
Medicine, object name, and location.

The historical collections computer catalog, which differs from the basic inventory by containing a
far more detailed description of each artifact now includes 1,954 artifacts, approximately 20% of
the collection The 1,265 items cataloged in 1 990 include new accessions, previously accessioned
artifacts, and artifacts on loan and were processed with the assistance of volunteers to the collec-
tion Portions of historical collections completely cataloged on the computer include the artificial
limb collection, the stethoscope collection, the endoscope collection, the condom collection and
The Hospital for Special Surgery Prosthesis Collection. This cataloging. system allows for quick
access not only to the artifacts themselves but to information about them, in turn supporting
research and exhibition goals. Appropriate environmentally controlled storage conditions have
been secured for much of the collection.

ACQUISITIONS

Eight hundred ninety-eight artifacts were donated to Historical Collections in 1990. Some of the
major additions to the collections include The Hospital for Special Surgery Collection, 64 prosthetic
devices documenting the development of knee, hip, femoral, and finger prostheses and their
various size ranges; the Martin Collection, 31 1 artifacts documenting a mid-20th century rural
ophthalmology practice; 1 7 artifacts documenting the history of the United States Public Health
Service- 3 examples of the first female condom; two 1 8th-century burial shrouds; the iron coffin
and burial clothing of a Confederate soldier; and several significant new additions complementing
the radiology collection, including a shoe fluoroscopy

LOANS

Fifty-two artifacts were loaned to other institutions for exhibition. Historical Collections supported
exhibits at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in honor of National Nurses' Week and National
Respiratory Therapy Week, as well as the WRAMC Combined Federal Campaign.

CONSERVATION

In conjunction with the staff of the Conservation Analytical Laboratory of the Smithsonian Institu

tion. Historical Collections staff participated in the conservation of fragile burial garments worn by

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Walter Weir (see references in the report of the Anatomical Collections). It also facilitated work on
an 18th-century microscope and the life mask of Abraham Lincoln.

RESEARCH

Historical Collections staff responded to over 150 walk-in, telephone, and written inquiries about
items in the collections and the subject matters they represent. These inquiries came from Insti-
tute staff, medical and health care professionals, scholars, other museum professionals, and the
general public.

Publications include Hawk, Alan: "Book Review, A Medic's War, by Albert Cowdrey." The Public
Historian. Fall 1990, pp 102-104; Noe, Adrianne: "Medical Collecting and the History of Muse-
ums," loumal of t he History of Collections, forthcoming; and Noe, Adrianne> "Retrieving the Fallen
Soldier: Medical History, Military Mission, and Snake Hill," Caduceus. forthcoming, Spring 1991.
The staff also contributed to a series of articles in the medical literature about its dermatological
models.

The staff provided professional museum consultations to institutions and individuals in Carlisle, PA;
San Antonio, TX; Baltimore, MD; New York, NY; Wilmington, DE; and London, England! Consulta-
tions and other kinds of assistance were provided to the Mutter Museum of the College of Physi-
cians of Philadelphia, the Smithsonian Institution, the Medical Museums Association, the American
Association of Museums, the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College, and numerous other
institutions.

The staff provided in-house educational opportunities by curating or participating in mounting
and researching numerous exhibits at the Museum. Alan Hawk offered a docent training program
based on the Billings Microscope Collection on 1 December 1 990.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Thirty-five items from historical collections were featured in the Harvard Internal Medicine series
for continuing medical education on Lifetime Television. These objects, including some of the
most visually interesting artifacts in the collection such as the Heine osteotome, the 18th-century
Marshall microscope, and a gold-plated cystoscope will be featured in the opening and closing
scenes of the 1 20-segment Alpha Telecommunications production. The staff also facilitated
numerous in-house research requests, participated in many multidivjsional museum activities, and
continued to serve as officers and active participants in national and international professional
organizations as representatives of the Institute and the Museum.

ANATOMICAL COLLECTIONS

STAFF

Paul S. Sledzik, M.S., Curator
Yvette LeCrande, B.S., Plastination Technician
Allison Webb Willcox, MA, Collections Manager
(A) Donna March, Student Intern

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COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT

Collections management activities proceeded with volunteer and student intern assistance despite
the lack of a collections manager. Volunteers aided in the inventory and cataloging of the Milton
Helpern M D New York City Medical Examiner Collection and the Indian War skeletal collection.
Under the DoD Mentor Program, cataloging of the Civil War skeletal collection continued and is
now 85% complete. We were fortunate to receive volunteer assistance from Dr. Therese Bocklage,
University of Vermont, and Ms. Juliet Cleaves, University of Maryland, for three months. Dr.
Bocklage cataloged the Gibson skeletal pathology collection, conducted research in
paleopathology, and assisted the staff in pathological diagnosis of specimens. We also received
volunteer assistance from Ms. Sarah Breitweser, Ms. Lisa Dunbar, and Mr. Aamir Shiekh.

ACQUISITIONS

In 1 990 the Anatomical Collections acquired the Princeton University Comparative Veterinary
Collection Several skeletal specimens were donated from institutions or individuals. In addition,
several AFIP departments transferred collections and specimens to the division. Work continued
on acquiring several other collections and locating documentation on recently accessioned collec-
tions. Two trips were made to Utah State University to assess and inventory the Dr. James L
Shupe Veterinary Flourosis Collection.

PLASTINATION LABORATORY

The NMHM/AFIP Plastination Laboratory marked great advances in 1 990. Equipment purchases
were completed and necessary modifications made. Two process runs were made dunng the year
to help correct processing problems. Dr. Robert W. Henry of the University of Tennessee visited
the laboratory and provided invaluable technical advice. In addition/an agreement was made
between USUHS and the Plastination Laboratory for the acquisition of specimens for plastination.

LOANS

In 1 990 specimens were loaned to numerous AFIP staff members, the Respiratory Therapy Section
of WRAMC, and the Oregon Health Sciences University. The loan program with the Department
of Pathology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Services continued.

RESEARCH REQUESTS

Research requests included telephone inquiries, written requests, and use of the collections by
researchers In 1990, the anatomical collection answered nearly 75 telephone inquiries and 50
written requests for information. Nearly 1 00 researchers visited the collections for a variety of
reasons, ranging from tours to scientific study of museum specimens. The topics researched
included Civil War medicine, skeletal pathology, neurosurgery, forensic pathology, pediatric
pathology, paleopathology, forensic anthropology, and veterinary pathology. Institutions request-
ing information or visiting the collections included the University of Kentucky, the University or
Illinois, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Archives, West Penn Hospital, the University of
Hawaii the Denver Museum of Natural History, Texas A&M University, the Yale School of Medi-
cine, the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Case Western Reserve Northside Medical Center,
the Israel Antiquity Authority, and the British Embassy.

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The Third Annual Forensic Anthropology course was completed in 1 990 with outstanding partici-
pant evaluations. The 35 participants this year included medical examiners, coroners, forensic
dentists, and law enforcement personnel. Faculty included Dr. William Bass of the University of
Tennessee, Dr. Douglas Ublelaker of the Smithsonian Institution, and Dr. Frank Saul of the Medical
College of Ohio and member of the AFIP Scientific Advisory Board. A manual was also produced
tor the 1990 course. In addition, the Forensic Anthropology course was selected by the AFIP
Education Division as the model course for ACCME reaccreditation.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Staff research at the NMHM/AFIP in 1 990 continued in the areas of forensic anthropology, skeletal
pathology, and paleopathology. In particular, this research included examination of Civil War
skeletal specimens to qualify bone healing and infection; research on 1 9th-century military dental
disease; anthropological analyses of trophy skulls from the Vietnam War; and determininq the
temporal viability of tuberculosis.

Of particular interest was the study of skeletal remains from a Confederate Civil War veteran The
soldier, a Manassas, VA landowner, died and was buried in an iron coffin in 1 870 The coffin was
opened in 1 990 at the AFIP. Skeletal samples are being analyzed for evidence of DNA, antibodies
blood type, and biochemical remnants. Also, samples are being analyzed for evidence of changes'
in the nucleic acids that were present at discovery and at the opening. Many AFIP staff members
participated in this project

The anatomical collections were featured in a program on dental health produced by the Office of
Television Resources of the Prince George's County (MD) Public Schools. Public Television's
American Ex . Pfnfnrf series highlighted the gross pathology collection during a proqram on the
r-| assassination of President Garfield.

U The staff is working with Diane France of France Casting to create a series of skeletal patholoqy

C ca ^- . Tnese casts wi " be made from skeletal specimens and sold through France Casting Series

reflecting the strengths of the skeletal pathology collection (trauma, treponemal infection, tuber-
culosis, fracture healing, etc.) are planned.

PUBLICATIONS
Abstracts

1 . Micozzi, MS, Miller, PS (1 990) What is Forensic Anthropology? American Academy of Forensic
Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio.

2. Micozzi, MS (1 990) Reliability of self-reported height and weight in the U.S. National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey, Ibid.

3. Micozzi, MS (1990) FT Erie Project: The Authorized Version, Ibid.

4. Micozzi, MS, Garruto, R 990) Planning the Future of the National Museum of Health and
Medicine. American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, p.

5. Micozzi, MS (1 990) Status Report on the National Museum of Health and Medicine Lun-
cheon Address. Medical Museums Association. American Association for the History of

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Medicine, Baltimore, MD, May 12, 1990.

6 Micozzi, MS (1990) Chair, Panel on Health and Medicine, Conference on Aging with Inde-
pendence: Technologies for the New Century, Alliance for Aging Research, Orlando, FU
October 10, 1990.

7 Micozzi, MS (1990) Anthropology in Cancer Prevention and Control. Invited Session on
Health and Disease: Anthropologists Address the Human Condition. American Anthropologi-
cal Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

8. Micozzi, MS (1990) Discussant. Occupational Injuries and Diseases in the American Work-
place: Anthropological Perspectives, Ibid.

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Articles

1 . Mann, R.W., Owsley, D.W., Sledzik, P.S. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy of the Foot
Journal American Podiatric Medical Association, 80(7):395-396, 1990.

2 Mann R W., Sledzik, P.S., Owsley, D.W., and Droulette, M.R. Radiographic Examination of
Chinese Foot Binding. Journal American Podiatric Medical Association, 80(8):405-409, 1 990.

3 Micozzi, M.S., Beecher, G.R., Taylor, P.R., Khachik, F. (1990) Carotenoid analyses of selected
raw and cooked foods associated with a lower risk for cancer. Journal of the National Cancer
Institute 82: 282-285.

4 Micozzi, M.S., Harris, T.M. (1990) Age variations in the relation of body mass indices to _
estimates of body fat and muscle mass. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 81 : 375-
379.

5. Kurent, H.P., Micozzi, M.S. (1990) To nurture a nation's health: The ambitious plan for a
' museum of medicine, WjshjnaJBOPoiL July 1, 1990, p. B8.

6. Micozzi, M.S. (1990) Applications of anthropometric techniques to epidemiologic studies of
diet and cancer, American Journal of Human Biology 2: 727-739.

7 Micozzi, M.S., Townsend F., Koop, C.E. (1990) From Army Medical Museum to National
Museum of Health and Medicine: A Century-Old Institution on the Move. Archives of Pathol-
ogy and Laboratory Medicine 11 4: 1290-1295.

PAPERS PRESENTED

19-23 FEB 1990 American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Souvenirs, anyone?: Analysis of six

trophy skulls from the Vietnam War. By P.S. Sledzik and S.W. Ousley.
19-23 FEB 1990 American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Bone response to trauma: The first six

months. By S.M. Murphy, P.S. Sledzik, R.W. Mann, and M.A. Kelley.

4-7 APR 1 990 Paleopathology Association/American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Bone
Remodeling Following Trauma (Roundtable). By P.S. Sledzik and S.P. Murphy.

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OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR

STAFF

Donna Quist, Registrar

MISSION

The mission of the Office of the Registrar for the National Museum of Health and Medicine, AFIP is
to facilitate and maintain procedures and records for museum acquisitions and loans.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Outgoing Loans

During the calendar year 1990, the Office of the Registrar coordinated and negotiated 33 outgoing
loans. The Chicago Historical Society borrowed several museum objects to be displayed in an
exhibit titled "A City Comes of Age: Chicago in the 1890s." The AFIP painting of Dr John Hill
Bnnton by Thomas Eakins is currently on display at the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Negotiations and arrangements were made for the transportation of the Museum's mummy
exhibit to be displayed for the "World Congress of Mummy Studies," Museo Arqueoloqico y
Etnografico, Canary Islands, Spain. Several pieces of burial clothing from the Walter Wier acces-
sion were loaned to the Smithsonian's Conservation Laboratories for research and conservation.

Incoming Loans

Seven incoming loans were coordinated for the Museum during 1990. The "Afro-American Physi-
cians Exhibit" was on loan and exhibited during "Black History Month." Thirty-one anatomical
specimens were borrowed from the Anthropology Department of the Natural History Museum
Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, to support the Forensic Pathology Course held at the '
Museum in June 1990.

Acquisitions

The Museum accessioned several large and historically significant collections during 1990 includ-
ing six plastinated human specimens purchased from Dr. Cunther Von Hagen of the
Anatomitishches Institute Universitat Heidelberg, West Germany. A Cadet Nurse Corps' flag of the
United Stated Public Health Service, circa 1940s, was donated to the Museum during a formal
presentation held in Russell Auditorium in May; the DiLorenzo Collection consisting of historical
and archival materials was donated in June; the Hans Popper Collection was received from ML
Sinai Hospital, NY, in the spring; the Rimnac Collection consisting of "state of the art" prosthetic
deceives was received in June; and the acquisition of the Walter Wier burial clothing and iron
coffin, circa 1865, was completed in March.

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The NMHM of the AFIP Acquisition Committee held its first meeting in May. Decisions and
recommendations were reached on several acquisitions and deaccessions of AFIP and NMHM
collections. The Carnegie Human Embryological Collection was overwhelmingly approved for
acquisition. It was agreed to return three Pawnee Indian crania for repatriation. The committee
made decisions on several requests for destructive testing and are at present evaluating the
scientific and historic significance of more specific requests.

Ongoing Activities

The Office of Registrar has established several procedures and systems to organize and maintain
accession and loan records and material. Requirements have been established for the packing and
transportation of large and significant collections. A computerized data system was designed to
facilitate the reconciliation of accession material and to provide a uniform pattern of data entry for
current museum accessions. Procedures for the reconciliation of accession material were estab-
lished in order to maintain accountability and documentation on accessioned objects.

DEPARTMENTAL COALS

It is the goal of this office to continue to facilitate and support the acquisition and loan programs
of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, AFIP. Continued emphasis will be piaced on
environmentally safe and secure collection storage areas with the purchase of state-of-the-art
environmental monitoring equipment.

OTIS HISTORICAL ARCHIVES

STAFF

Michael Rhode, Archivist
(D) Robert Montgomery, Archivist Technician
(A) Council Nedd, Student Intern

The Otis Historical Archives (OHA) received a total of 226 requests for information this year, not
including Medical Museum and AFIP requests or referrals to other institutions. Users included the
National Museum of Natural History, American Heritage Magazine, National Geographic Maga-
zine, the Indiana Medical History Museum, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department, and the National Park Service. An image of neurofibromatosis provided by
the OHA was used on the CBS evening news program on 12 July 1990, and Council Nedd made a
brief appearance in Confiscated Atomic Bomb Rim produced by TV Tokyo. Photographs from the
OHA were used by Ken Burns in his popular PBS series The Civil War. Photographs and articles
describing the effect of mustard gas were provided to the Department of Environmental Pathology
of the AFIP for use in Operation Desert Shield. The archives had 1 00 visitors in 1 990 for tours, in-
depth research, or professional discussions. The Vorwald Collection continued to remain popular
because of asbestos litigation; it was also used by professional industrial medicine historians.

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Collecting specifically archival material continued this year; most larger collections accessioned by
the Museum had an archival component as well. One hundred linear feet were added to the
Archives for a total of 1,800 linear feet of collections; this compares to a total of 200 linear feet in
1980, for a growth of 900% in a decade. Among the larger collections were medical and patho-
logical books donated by Drs. David and Joyce Orrahood. Prof. William Laughlin of the University
of Connecticut donated the papers of his colleague. Dr. Morris Steggerda, which contain
anthropometric data on various populations, including Navajo Indians, Jamaicans, and Mayan
Indians. The family of Dr. Perry Melnick donated his work on histology, much of which was done
in cooperation with the AFIP. The National Library of Medicine's History of Medicine Division
began transferring duplicate or unwanted medical images to the Museum in the fall. Many of
these photographs had originally belonged to the AFIP and are being returned to the Reeve
photographic collection.

The computerized inventory and finding aid project, which was begun in 1989, continued. The
Vorwald Collection is now inventoried by number, patient name, diagnosis, and company worked
for, leading to easy retrieval of records for attorney and pathologists requests. Han Haber, a DoD
Science & Engineering Apprentice Program student, compiled a database of museum correspon-
dence from 1 894 until 1 896, which included many letters from Walter Reed. Most of the Army
Medical Museum photographic collections dating from 1 862-1 916 have been described at the
item level, and World War I and World War II era collections are now being reviewed. Laurie
Carroll arranged and described the archival component of the James Moore Ball Ophthalmic
Museum Collection, which had been in storage since it was accepted in the mid-1 920s.

Another major arrangement and description project that was completed was the General Medical
Product Information Collection, which contains catalogs and brochures on medical equipment
from the mid-1 9th century until the present. A combination shelf list and inventory of the archives
is continuing, with 90 collections added this year. It is anticipated that this project will serve as a
basis for a 'guide' to the OHA collections.

The OHA provided information on its holdings to several national databases, including the Inven-
tory of American Painting before 1 9 1 7 of the National Museum of American Art, the Catalog of
American Portraits of the National Portrait Gallery, the National Inventory of Documentary Sources in
the US (a microfilm publication), the Directory of Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the US, and
DIRUNE of the National Library of Medicine's MEDLARS system.

In June, a column describing some of the OHA collections was begun in the AFIP Letter. Collec-
tions covered this year were contributed photographs, the McGee Collection, the Vorwald Collec-
tion, and surgical photographs. Exhibit support was provided for the exhibit on black Civil War
soldiers and the new introductory case in the Billings Microscope Collection exhibit Mr. Rhode
was appointed to the committee on reorganization of the Medical Illustration Service Library and
was elected its secretary.

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NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE FOUNDATION
1990 BOARD OF TRUSTEES CONSULTANT STAFF

OFFICERS

C. Everett Koop,MD,ScD, Chairman
C. Stimson Eveleth, Vice Chairman
Elgin C. Cowart, MD, Treasurer
Heather P. Kurent, PhD, Secretary

Elizabeth A. Videnieks,
Planning Consultant

TRUSTEES

Martin Cohen Sandie Fauriol, CFRE

Theodore Cooper, MD, PhD Campaign Director

Carolyhe K. Davis, PhD, RN

John K. Duckworth, MD

Norman F. Estrin, PhD

D. Carleton Gajdusek, MD

Ralph M. Carruto, PhD

Sheldon Cilgore, MD

Richard L Hall, PhD

The Honorable Charlene Drew Jarvis, PhD

Joshua Lederberg, PhD

Robert R. McMeekin, MD, JD

J. Richard Munro

The Honorable Don M. Newman, Esq.

Vivian W. Pinn-Wiggins, MD

Tom Rockwell, MD

J. Thomas Stocker, MD

Grant P. Thompson, Esq.

James S. Todd, MD

The following active committees of the NMHM Foundation served during 1 990:

Executive Committee. C. Stimson Eveleth, Chair; Elgin C. Cowart, MD; C. Everett Koop, MD, ScD;

Heather P. Kurent, PhD

Bylaws Committee. Norm Estrin, PhD, Chair; Heather P. Kurent, PhD

Campaign Committee. Grant P. Thompson, Chair; John Duckworth, MD; Norm Estrin, PhD;
Sheldon Gilgore, MD; Joshua Lederberg, PhD; Robert R. McMeekin, MD; J. Richard Munro; James
S. Todd, MD; and Steve Graham (non-trustee); Bill Greener, PR Liaison

Finance Committee. Elgin C. Cowart, MD, Chain Martin Cohen; G. Stimson Eveleth; Don M.
Newman

Nominating Committee. John Duckworth, MD, Chair; Theodore Cooper, MD; Carolyne K. Davis,
PhD, RN; Don M. Newman; G. Stimson Eveleth (ex-officio)

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Strategic Planning: Heather P. Kurent, Chair; Norm Estrin, PhD; Ralph Garruto, PhD; Richard Hall
PhD; Charlene Drew jarvis, PhD; Vivian Pinn-Wiggins, MD; Tom Rockwell, MD; J. Thomas Stocker
MD; Grant Thompson '

Board of Trustees, NMHM Foundation

The Foundation was incorporated on June 8, 1989, by 1 1 founding trustees. The bylaws allow up
to 27 members of the board. The Nominating Committee, listed previously, met several times
dunng the year to enrich the composition of the board and to increase its number to 24.
At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, held on 26 July 1 990, 10 new members joined
the National Museum of Health and Medicine Foundation. These individuals are- Martin Cohen
Vice President, The Washington Post Companies, Washington/DC; Sheldon Gilgore, MD, Chair-'
man President, and CEO, G.D. Searle & Co., Chicago, IL; Richard L Hall, PhD, retired Senior Vice
President, The McCormick Company, Baltimore, MD; the Honorable Charlene Drew jarvis PhD
Member, City Council, Washington, DC; Joshua Lederberg, PhD, former President, The Rockefeller
University, New York, NY: J. Richard Munro, Chairman, Time Warner Inc., New York NY- Vivian
Pinn-Wigg.ns, MD, Chairman, Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington DC-
Tom Rockwell, M.D., Chairman, LifeTime Medical Television, Los Angeles, CA; Grant P Thompson
Esquire, Executive Vice President, The World Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC; and James S '
Todd, M.D., Executive Vice President, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL

At its 5 October meeting, the Nominating Committee appointed two additional trustees who will
begin servmg in 1 991 . They are James B. McCormick, M.D., Director, Science Heritage Limited
and Director, Laboratory Medicine, Swedish Covenant Hospital, Chicago, IL, and Donald West
King, M.D., Executive Director, American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC.

Campaign Committee, NMHM Foundation

The most successful nonprofit organizations depend upon their trustees for raising the lion's share
of major gifts. To meet the challenge of launching its first fund-raising program, the National
Museum of Health and Medicine Foundation reinvigorated its Private Sector Group by renaming it
the Campaign Committee and inviting a select group of trustees and others to serve on it.
Dr. Koop, Chairman of the Foundation, asked Grant Thompson, a nonprofit executive with a
proven track record in fund raising, to chair the committee. Dr. Koop and Mr. Thompson asked
the following individuals to serve on the committee, all of whom accepted. They are John
Duckworth, M.D., Chairman, The Methodist Hospital Foundation, Memphis, TN; Norm Estrin
PhD, former Vice President, Health Industry Manufacturers Association, Washington DC- G '
Stimson Eveleth, Sr., Deputy Manager for Operations, Inter-American Development'Bank (and Vice
Chair of the Foundation), Washington, DC; Sheldon Gilgore, M.D., Chairman and CEO G D
Searle & Co., Chicago, IL; Steve Graham, President Graham, Rogers & Co., Washington, DC (non-
trustee member); Joshua Lederberg, PhD, former President, The Rockefeller University, New York.
NY; Robert McMeekin, M.D., Washington, DC; J. Richard Munro, Chairman of the
ExecutiveCommittee, Time Warner Inc., New York, NY; and James S. Todd, M.D., Executive Vice
President, Amencan Medical Association, Chicago, IL Mr. Bill Greener, former public affairs
executive with G:D. Searle & Company, has agreed to setve on the committee as the public
relations liaison. K

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Seed Money Campaign, NMHM Foundation

The Foundation launched its fund-raising efforts in late 1989 with a '^ !™^«£fj n " t0
raise $350,000 for start-up and organizational costs. The campaign ended with a total of
S&JUM raised in gifts and pledges through December 31, 1990. This figure includes two grfts
ofSSOOM torn the College of American Pathologists and $25,000 from the Amencan Reg-stry of
Pathology, which helped launch the Foundation in mid-1 989.

n recoqnition of the foresight and willingness to invest early in the Foundation's vision for a
3ZL of health and medicine in a highly accessible location in the nation's capital
Se FoundaUon established a "leadership list" opportunity for contributors. . Donors who contr b-
Sed $10;000 and above during the Foundation's seed money campaign w,M have their names
IS on S^ntdlsplv in ^n W museum building. For 1 990, these donors are:

American Medical Association

American Registry of Pathology

American Society of Clinical Pathologists

College of American Pathologists

Mrs. Marcella Hanafin/PyMaH Corporation

Hoffmann-La Roche Foundation

Johnson & Johnson

Dr. and Mrs. James B. McCormick

McCovem Fund for the Behavioral Sciences

Dr. and Mrs. Robert B. McMeekin/IBM

The Merck Company Foundation

Novo Nordisk A/S— Novo Nordisk Pharmaceutical

Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation

Schering-Plough Foundation

CD. Searle&Co.

SmithKline Beecham

The Upjohn Company Foundation

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PLANNING EFFORT

The National Museum of Health and Medicine was given a major boost toward the enc I of 1 990 in

its site selection and design planning efforts for the revitalization and relocation of the museum

facility.

A $700,000 planning grant was appropriated by the U.S. Congress for FY '91 to help -secure a site

on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and to develop the architectural and exhibit program

designs for the nation's premiere learning center on health and medicine.

The olannina qrant which will be implemented throughout 1991, will be administered by the
TuMcMth Serviced £e U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) through the
existing interagency agreement with the AFIP.

The preferred site for the new facility is the plaza in front of the Hubert H. Humphrey building at
Ind ahd independence Avenue, S.W., at the foot of Capitol Hill and two blocks from the city's
most popular attraction, the National Air and Space Museum.

The Humphrey building, which is also the headquarters of Health and Human Semces, is the site

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of choice after 39 other locations around the metropolitan Washington area failed to meet many
of the site criteria established for the Museum. This new location will put the Museum back on the
National Mall, near the site where its old red brick home stood from 1 888 to 1 968,
enabling the Museum to reach a large proportion of the 25 million visitors who come to the
nation's capital each year with its health promotion and disease prevention messages.

Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, visited the Museum at its current
location in July 1990 and assisted in the site selection process. In a letter to the Museum director,
dated October 4, 1990, the Secretary extended an official invitation for the Museum to begin
placing exhibits in the existing Great Hall of the Humphrey building within the coming year.

In the continuing spirit of public-private cooperation, the Foundation was challenged with raising
$250,000 in private funds to match the publicly supported planning grant.

PUBLIC PROGRAMMING LAUNCHED IN 1990

During 1 990, the first major new program for the public was conceived, planned, and funded to
debut on February 9, 1 991 . The Patient is Abraham Lincoln" is the first of what the Foundation
anticipates to be many educational events for "Friends," other donors, and the public during the
coming years. The costs of the two-part program have been covered by a generous grant of
$1 0,000 from the American Medical Association.

The first part of the program, to be held in February, will present historical evidence on President
Lincoln's health. In May, a panel will discuss the ethical, legal, medical, and philosophical implica-
tions of testing remains from President Lincoln to determine whether or not he suffered from
Marfan's syndrome. These panel members are: Victor McKusick, M.D. (Panel Chairman), Profes-
sor of Medical Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Edward Alexander, PhD,
former president, American Association of Museums; Collum Davis, PhD, Director, Lincoln Legal
Papers Project, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency; Tim O'Leary, M.D., PhD, Chairman, Depart-
ment of Cellular Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; Lawrence C. Mohr, M.D., White
House Physician; Ms. Lynne Poirier-Wilson, Vice President for Collections, The Strong Museum of
Rochester, NY; Philip Reilly, M.D., JD, Executive Director, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center,
Waltham, MA; and Ms. Cheryl Williams, President, The National Marfan Foundation.

The Foundation will use the Lincoln program scheduled for February 1 991 as a springboard for
similar programs during the year.

COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND PUBUC PROGRAMS, NMHM FOUNDATION
"FRIENDS" OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE

To expand its donor base nationwide and to inform more people about current museum programs
and progress of the impending move, the Foundation created a "Friends" of the National Museum
of Health and Medicine program. .

"Friends" receive an annual subscription to the quarterly newsletter, To Your Health^ invitations to
museum programs and exhibit openings, and a discount at the gift shop, which is expected to
open in 1 991 . Donors may become "Friends" by contributing annual tax-deductible gifts in the
following amounts: INDIVIDUAL Member— $35-$99; Sponsor— $100 and above; INSTITU-
TIONAL Sponsor— $500; Patron— $1,000 and above; and CORPORATE: Sponsor— $5,000 and
Patron — $1 0,000 and above. Individuals may also purchase the newsletter only for an annual fee
of $10.

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The -Friends- program was started in the fall of 1 990. By the end of the year, the Foundationals
able to count 200individuals, foundations, medical associations, and corporations as Friends in

^^%^rs,78s P onso^mniO^ 5 sponsor, 1 7 patrons; and CORPO-
RATE: 16 patrons.

B COMBINED FEDERAL CAMPAIGN

™ The Foundation was accepted for the first time as a participating agency Jnjhe Cbmbine d ^ eral

„ Smpaign(CFQ of the Nation's Capital for its falll 990 campaign. The CFC allows federal em-

I ployees to designate gifts through payroll deduction to specific agenc.es.

Foundation and Museum staff attended a number of promotional j^*™£*^.
■ Combined Federal Campaign headquarters in Washington, DC. The CFC fairs or ucKom ,_

1 Sed partSpSing agendes to hand out brochures encouraging donations to the respective

1 ageSihe Foundation's appearance at these promotional activities 'T^^S^L,

?esponfe - not only could a federal worker support the Museurn financially through the CFC but

he or she could also learn about the Museum and benefit from the expenence of visiting ,t as well.

The results of the Combined Federal Campaign effort will be made known to the Foundation by

the end of March 1991.

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■' VOLUNTEER PROGRAM REORGANIZED

i An expanded and upgraded volunteer program was initiated under the ! auspices of ^the Foundation

I during 1990. The first "Annual Volunteer Recognition- reception was held for docents (tour

■ 2) and I other volunteers on September 25. The longest serving voluntoOT w wwded
certficates o?appreciation. All volunteers received a key chain featuring the Foundations logo
and the inscription -In recognition of your valuable service.- On December 1 an .n-semce
ti-ain£a Sam was provided to volunteers to g.ve them up-to-date information on the
M^uJ^c^ope^a:^. The Billings Microscope Collection is the most comprehensjve m
tilfworid! £d?nXbe?of artifacts from it constitute one of the most popular attractions at the
Museum.

MEDIA ATTENTION: News Articles and Television Features

■ The National Museum of Health and Medidne of the AFIP and ^^^Hao^y^^

subject of 1 6 major news articles during 1 990. This compares w.th three that appeared in 1 989.

■ Many of the articles featured the creation of the nonprofit Foundation and the Museum's revital-
| ization and relocation efforts.

One of the highlights of the year was the publication of an editorial in the ^^•JT' "'°

I issue of Th»w»<hinntonPost. in its Op/Ed "Outlook- section. The article desenbed why It * time

to put a National Museum of Health and Medicine on the tounst map.
The article continued- -Every year, almost 25 million visitors make their way to Washington's Mall.

■ Ttareftw bet ql"mpses tf outer space, learn about wild animals and see stunning examples of art
| STech^ology- Eno museum on the Mall do they learn anything about their bodies, the,

health, themselves....

-A National Museum of Health and Medicine would fill that gap. The Museum, now in the

pretoinTry planning stages, would be a learning laboratory for 4 to 5 million pr 0) ected annual

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visitors, and would educate millions more through traveling exhibits and community programs....

"Like other museums, the NMHM will nurture the human spirit and intellect But unlike other
museums, it will also have the potential to improve people's health and to save lives."

News Articles and TV Features

The following is a list of publications, and the dates of their appearances, in which articles about
the Museum and Foundation appeared during 1 990:

* St. Petersburg Times, 1/3/90; * Federal Times, 2/26/90; * TheAFIP Letter, 4/90; * AmericanJZollege
of Physicians Digest, 4/90; * American Medical News, 6/22/90; * The Washington Post (Outlook
Section), 7/1 /90; * The Washington Times, 7/5/90; * Washington Post Health Section, 7/1 0/90; *
Science, 7/27/90; * American College of Physicians Observer, July/August 90; * The New York Times,
8/4/90; * TheDiamondback (University of Maryland), 9/25/90; * San Diego Union, 10/1 1/90; *
Orlando Sentinel, 1 0/1 3/90; * Stripe, 1 0/1 9/90; and * Health Career News, 1 2/5/90.

Visitor Numbers Up, NMHM/AFIP

The Museum's popularity continued to grow during 1 990. Visitor figures were up by 20% during
the year, or 35,765 visitors in 1 990, compared with 29,771 in 1 989. This increase is due to
greater publicity, new initiatives by the Foundation, continued facility use by community groups,
and a desire on the part of the public to learn more about the "miracles of medicine" and the
advantages of a healthy lifestyle. These messages are carried in the many Museum exhibits and
informational displays and programs.

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Terry Lloyd and Toni Dickens, of the Pathology Data Division discuss quality
assurance and coding procedures.

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AFfP

fllSTORIGU
_ FILES *

ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY

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NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE
OF AFIP

Marc S. Micozzi, M.D., Ph.D

Director

Date of Appointment - June 1 986

MISSION

To further public and professional understanding of human health and progress against disease.

In FY91, Congress appropriated $700,000 to the Assistant Secretary for Health at the Department of
Health and Human Services to be used to continue planning for the Museum's new public education
and exhibition facility. Those funds were transferred to AFIP under terms of an interagency agree-
ment, and AFIP, in turn, contracted with the American Registry of Pathology to administer them. A
number of studies were undertaken with those funds. The Exhibit Master Plan outlines broad thematic
areas for exhibits in the new facility as well as identifying their adjacencies within the building. The
Master Facility Program identifies office and area adjacencies as well as future budget and staffing
needs and construction costs. A real estate analysis of potential sites concentrates on viable options
should the preferred site —the east plaza adjacent to the Hubert Humphrey Building on Independence
Avenue— be unavailable. A Site Feasibility Study analyzes the preferred site to determine if it is possible
to build the new facility there. The National Health Exhibits Planning Commission will assemble a
formative exhibit design team, integrating Museum staff and outside experts, to begin interpretation 1
of the Exhibit Master Plan and to design, fabricate, install, and evaluate exhibits on the human body in
the current museum facility. They will undergo formative and visitor evaluations to assist in creating
definitive exhibits for the new facility. The Commission will also undertake a public communications
effort to make more individuals and organizations aware of the Museum and its plans for the future.
Finally, a project coordinator has been retained to oversee these studies and to produce a final,
definitive document that gives guidance to the next phases for implementation of the project

The National Museum of Health and Medicine Foundation retained fund-raising counsel to undertake
a capital campaign feasibility study, which assessed awareness of and interest in the project as well as
the potential amount of support that might be raised for the private sector portion of the project

Congressional support for the project continues. FY91 funding was sponsored by the late Congress-
man Silvio O. Conte (R-MA) in the House of Representatives and Senator Mark O. Hatfield (R-OR) in
the Senate. In the spring of 1991, Foundation Trustee Carolyne K. Davis testified before the House
Appropriations Committee on behalf of the Foundation and requested additional funding to permit
completion of the planning process. Subsequent legislation was carried by Congressman John Porter
(R-IL) in the House and Senator Hatfield in the Senate.

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ORGANIZATION

The Nationa, Museum CHeaKh and MedMne con** o. the office o, «neD lre c,o, and <he <o,^n g

.divisions:

A. Collections and Research

B. Education and Exhibit Programs
C Community Relations

STAFF

Medical

Marc S. Micozzi, M.D., Ph.D., Director

° en Laurie Carroll. M.S., Special Projects Manager ' ' , K

Slanne SX, Ph.D., Assistant Director for Collections and Research
Paul S. Sledzik, M.S., Curator

Administrative

Matthew Ake, Volunteer •',„,»„»«,

James J. Damato.COU MS, USA Executive Administrator

Gwyndolyn Edwards, Security Guard
(A/D) Karen Flaherty, Museum Intern
Alan Hawk, Collections Manager

Serita Hewitt, Security Guard

Theresa Strong-Johnson, Office Manager

Yvette LeGrande, B.S., Plastination Technician
Jeanne Levin, Tour Coordinator ...

Dick Levinson, Community Relations Specialist
Donna March, Student Intern Anatomical

Rosa McCoy, Clerk Typist
(A/D) Robert Montgomery, Archivist

Council Nedd, Student Intern

John Nealey, Security Guard

Orla O'Reilly, Project Officer

Tricia Paige, Student Intern

Donna Quist, Registrar

Michael Rhode, Chief Archivist

Sol Pargament, Docent/Volunteer

Lynn Peng, Volunteer
(A/D) Denise Sepkowski, Museum Intern

Warren Underwood, CapL, Security Guard
(D) Stephanie Wilkerson, Sciences Engineering Apprentice

(A) Allison Webb Willcox, B.A, Collections Manager

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COLLECTIONS AND RESEARCH

The Division of Collections and Research includes Anatomical Collections, the Otis Historical
Archives, Historical Collections, the Office of the Registrar, and the Human Developmental
Anatomy Center.

A. Anatomical Collections "

Collections Management Collections management activities slowed down somewhat this year as we
relied on volunteer and student aide assistance. Volunteers aided in the inventory and catalog of the
Civil War, Indian Wars, and Nineteenth Century skeletal collections and the hepatic pathology wet
tissue collection. Under the DoD Mentor Program, cataloging of the Civil War skeletal collection
continued and is now 90% complete. Donna March refurbished 50% of the Milton Helpem, M.D.,
New York City Medical Examiners Collection. This collection was in need of primary care.

ACQUISITIONS. In 1 991, the Anatomical Collections acquired few collections and other material.
Four nineteenth century skeletons from Norfolk Naval Shipyard were transferred to the collections.
Several hundred gross wet tissue specimens from the AFIP Tissue Repository were transferred to
the Anatomical Collections this year.

PLASTINATION LABORATORY. The NMHM/AFIP Plastination Laboratory marked great advances in
1991. Final equipment purchases were completed and necessary modifications made. Several
batches of material were plastinated for use at the Museum, by WRAMC, and at USUHS. A fee-for-
service program was initiated in the laboratory to help recover costs for plastination services provided
to outside institutions.

LOANS. In 1 991, specimens were loaned to numerous AFIP staff members, USUHS, the National
Museum of Natural History, and the Pentagon.

RESEARCH REQUESTS. Research requests include telephone inquiries, written requests, and use of
1 the collections by researchers. In 1 991, the Anatomical Collection staff answered nearly 80 telephone
inquiries and 45 written requests for information. Nearly 1 00 researchers visited the collections for a
variety of reasons, ranging from tours to scientific study of museum specimens. The topics researched
included Civil War medicine, skeletal pathology, neurosurgery, forensic pathology, pediatric pathol-
ogy, paleopathology, forensic anthropology, and veterinary pathology.

EDUCATION. The fourth annual Forensic Anthropology course was completed in 1 991, with out-
standing participant evaluations. The 35 participants from this year included medical examiners,
coroners, forensic dentists, and law enforcement personnel. Faculty included Dr. Hugh Berryman of
the University of Tennessee, Dr. Douglas Ublelaker of the Smithsonian Institution, and Dr. Frank Saul of
the Medical College of Ohio and member of the AFIP Scientific Advisory Board. A manual was also
produced for the 1 991 course. Planning for a new course in paleopathology took place this year. The
course is scheduled for March of 1992.

Anatomical Collections staff began to work on the "Visualizing the Human Body" exhibits, which will
focus on gross anatomy and common pathology. The staff also contributed to a set of exhibits on
19th century military medicine for display at the Pentagon.

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Staff members gave presentations to the Northern Virginia Relic Hunters Assoc.at.on and the Lehigh
VaTey >Sodation of Clinical Microbiologists and Immunology the Smithsonian InsUtufon Readent
Associate Program and Young Resident Associate Program, the George Washington Un.vers.ty Teach-
ing New Technology series, and several D.C. area elementary and secondary schools.

OTHER ACTIVITIES. Staff research in 1 990 continued in the areas of forensic anthropology^skeletal
pathology, and paleopathology. Staff members of the Anatomical Collections assisted the Office of
the Armed ForcesMedical Examiner with the identification of remains from Operation Desert Storm
and other OAFME skeletal cases.

The casting of skeletal pathological specimens by Dr. Diane France of France Casting was imple-
mented this year The casts are quality reproductions of Civil War amputations, treponemal infection,
and other diseases and injuries. The casts should prove useful to orthopedic pathologists,
paleopathologists, and forensic pathologists. These casts are offered for sale through France Casting.
A percentage of the proceeds goes to fund research projects in the anatomical collections.

Anatomical Collections applied for a Science Museum Initiative grant from the Howard Hughes
MedS institute The grant, called the Museum Out-Reach in Forensic Biology (MORFORBIO) would
provide area educators access to museum-based resources to help introduce and teach concepts of
Tcientific problem-solving and impart information on human biology, the skeleton, DNA testing, and
other important topics in forensic biology.

B. OTIS HISTORICAL ARCHIVES

RESEARCH REQUESTS. The Otis Historical Archives (OHA) received a total of 11 5 requests for infor-
mation this year, not including Medical Museum and AFIP requests, visitors, or referrals to other
institutions. Users included the Netherlands Photo Archives, the Uniformed Services Univeraty of the
Health Sciences, the Pan-American Health Organization, Natural History Magazine, the USAF Museum,
the Museum of New Mexico, the American Occupational Association, Amencan University, the
University of Pittsburgh, Lee-Fendall House, the National Institutes of Health, the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, the Electron Microscope Society of America, and the Center of Military History, among others.
The archives had at least 1 28 visitors in 1 991 for tours, in-depth research, or professional discussions.
The Vorwald Collection continued to be used in asbestos litigation and by professional industrial
medicine historians. Markowitz and Rosner used several cases in their history, Deadly Dust Silicosis
and the Politics of Occupational Disease in Twentieth-Century America. A great deal of support has
been provided to the National Museum of Natural History's Repatriation Office in accordance with
recent law. Many records deal with the Army Medical Museum's role in collecting Amencan Indian
material for the Smithsonian.

ACQUISITIONS AND PROJECTS. Collecting was less intensive than in the past, with no major
acquisitions. The National Library of Medicine transferred surplus photographs and received duplicate
public health posters in return. The computerized inventory and finding aid project started in 1 989,
continued. Heather Armbrustmacher, a DOD Science & Engineering Apprentice Program student
began compiling a data base of museum publications and references in pnnt from 1 862 until the
present Volunteers assisted the staff with research on Civil War collections. Gary Masters of the
Casualty Care Research Center, USUHS began arranging the Swan Collection of Vietnam-era trauma
slides for eventual use in teaching. The combination shelf list and inventory of the archives is still

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continuing and will eventually serve as the basis for a 'guide' to the OHA collections.

OTHER ACTIVITIES. The column in the AFIP Letter describing the more interesting parts of the OHA
collections was discontinued after the column on the Eadweard Muybridge photographs. Exhibit
support was provided for the series of exhibits at the Pentagon, with Rhode writing "Civil War Medical
Illustration in the US Army." New exhibits on tropical medicine were also begun by OHA staff. Dr.
Stacker's project for an AFIP Oral History started in the fall and has received management and research
support

Rhode attended the Getty Conservation Institute course, "Preventive Care of Historic Photographic
Prints and Negatives," in January. In September, he attended the Society of American Archivists
annual meeting in Philadelphia.

Beginning in November, the OHA served as a testing ground for "fees for services" to recover costs.
At the present, this consists of charging for duplicating services. The program is too recent to project
if an anticipated drop in requests will occur.

C. HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT. Computerized inventories of artifacts stored in Hammond Hall, the
microscope storage area, Sifiphant Hall, the warehouse, and the exhibit halls now include 1 1,321
artifacts, approximately 95% of Historical Collections. The artifacts included are listed by catalog
number, accession number, classification based on Medical Subject Headings, object name, and
location. The Historical Collections Computer Catalog, which differs from the inventory by containing
a more detailed description of the artifact now includes 3,623 artifacts, approximately 25% of the
collection. The 1,749 itemscataloged in 1 991 include new accessions, previously accessioned arti-
facts, and artifacts going out on loan.

One hundred and eight artifacts were donated to Historical Collections in 1 991 . Significant additions
to the collection include a Diff 3/50 robotic microscope used at Carnegie Mellon University, a set of
Scrubpocs donated to the Museum by the inventor Mai Lon Lee, RN, and a sphygm'ographe by
Marey, an early device designed and fabricated in 1 890 to record a patient's heartbeat

Historical Collections is collecting artifacts to document military medical activities during the recent
Persian Gulf War. Over 80 objects, ranging from NBC decontamination kits, IV sets, and bandages to
first aid kits, were donated to the Museum by the 47TH MEDSOM, Third Medical Command in Saudi
Arabia. Several captured Iraqi personal medical kits and an atropine styrette were also included in the
collection. Other objects that were collected for the Museum by the U. S. Army Property Recovery
Team are due to arrive during the first quarter of 1992.

Several objects for the National Medical Repository, which will document contemporary medical
technology, have been donated to the collection. These objects have included a non-working proto-
type Mini-Pak 911 -ST compact blood pressure/TPR/pulse oximeter monitor and a set of prototype
castings of the University of California total knee replacement

prosthesis and a UCI total knee replacement surgical instrument kit from the same source. These items
complement an extensive collection of devices that document prosthetic development

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Twenty-eight artifacts were loaned to other institutions for exhibition. Historical Collections supported
exhibits at the Dewitt Stetten Museum of the National Institutes of Health and at Walter Reed Army
Medical Center in honor of National Operating Room Nurses' Week. Four microscopes from the
Billings Microscope Collection are featured in a traveling exhibit, "The Age of the Marvelous." The
topic of the exhibit, which includes the Robert Hooke microscope, is the development of science in
Europe circa 1 700. The exhibit opened at the Hood Museum in Hanover, New Hampshire, and it will
travel to Raleigh, North Carolina; Houston, Texas; and Atlanta, Georgia.

CONSULTATION. Historical Collections addressed 1 1 3 research inquiries involving materials in the
collections and research specialties of the staff. Professional consultations were provided to numerous
institutions, including the Smithsonian Institution, the National Library of Medicine, the Medical
Branch of the University of Texas at Galveston, the Mutter Museum of the College of Physicians of
Philadelphia, and the Museum of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
in Alexandria, Virginia.

Staff delivered numerous lectures and presentations throughout the year, including:

Alan Hawk, "Historical Collections of the National Museum of Health and Medicine," Docent
training program, October 1991.

Council Nedd II, Traditional Asian Pharmacopeia as Found in Historical Collections of the
National Museum of Health and Medicine," Herb for Health 91, September 1 991 .

Council Nedd II, The Near-second Golden Age of Herbal Medicine: The History of Herbal
Medicine in the 1 850's," Tom Wolfe Tuesday Lecture Series, November 1 991 .

Adrianne Noe, "Potential of the National Museum of Health and Medicine," American Studies
Association, March 1991.

Adrianne Noe, "Museums and Aerospace Medicine," Aerospace Medical Association, May
1991.

Adrianne Noe, "Historical Issues in Biomedical Technology," Society for the History of Technol-
ogy and the History of Science Society, November 1 991 .

Historical Collections staff provided artifact and research support for the following exhibits:
"Human Reproduction, Growth, and Development"
"Medicine during the Civil War* (Pentagon)
The Patient is Abraham Lincoln"
Tropical Medicine" (Pentagon)

Images from the collection appeared in Susan Provost Beller, Civil War Medicine, (Crozet Betterway
Publications, 1992); Paul Hoffman, "Lincoln's Living Legacy," Discover, August 1991, p. 4; and Jacob
Lowenstein, The Remaking of the President," Discover, August 1991, p. 19.

After the February 9th announcement of a committee formed to investigate extracting DNA from
tissue samples from the body of Abraham Lincoln, the Lincoln life mask by sculptor Avarel Fairbanks
was featured prominently in photographs in the Baltimore Sun, Somos (Argentina), and Scholastic

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Science News as well as in Associated Press and United Press International wire photos. Historical
artifacts relating to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln also appeared on the CBS Evening News,
Good Morning America, and Cable News Network.

OTHER ACTIVITIES. Artifacts from Historical Collections have been featured in the following films:
"Be Grateful,* television spot on the Armed Forces Television Network; and "The Cell: Basic Unit of
Life," National Geographic Television Special.

Departmental goals include identifying and initiating reimbursable activities, continuing to catalog the
growing collections to aid research and access, and continuing to develop the National Medical
Repository.

D. OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR

The Office of the Registrar facilitates and maintains procedures and records for the museum
acquistions and loans.

OUTGOING LOANS. During the calendar year 1 991, the Office of the Registrar coordinated and
negotiated 1 3 outgoing loans. After careful and considerable negotiations, the NMHM agreed to loan
the Hood Museum of Art several of the most historically significant microscopes from the Billings
Collection, including the Robert Hooke Microscope, ca. 1 665. The microscopes are displayed in a
traveling exhibit titled "The Age of the Marvelous." Before agreeing to this loan the Museum required
that only professional art packers, handlers, and shippers handle the microscopes. The assembly and
display of the microscopes were to be handled only by a NMHM staff member or an appointee. The
NMHM/AFIP the painting of Dr. John Brinton by Thomas Eakins remains on display at the National
Gallery of Art Washington, DC.

Negotiations and arrangements were made for the transportation of the Museum's "Mummy Exhibit"
to be displayed for the "World Congress of Mummy Studies," Museo Arqueolpqico y Etnografico,
Canary Islands, Spain. Again, the most conservative efforts were required by the NMHM before
approving an international loan of this nature. The Museo Arqueoloqico y Etnografico has agreed to
fund the cost of couriers to escort the artifacts to and from the Canary Islands, Spain and will ensure
the services of only professional art packers and movers.

INCOMING LOANS. Six incoming loans were coordinated for the Museum during the 1991 calendar
year. Several pieces of art were displayed at the Museum in an exhibition titled "Depression Aware-
ness."

The borrowing of gross anatomical specimens and tissue for the purpose of plastination has been
steadily increasing due to the unique potential of the process and to the durability and authenticity of
the product

ACQUISITIONS. The Museum registered 75 accessions during the 1991 calendar year.Several large
historically and scientifically significant collections were received during the 1 991 calendar year. Some
of these acquisitions included the lindenberg Neuropathology Collection from the Maryland State
Medical Examiners Board, Baltimore, MD; the James P. Arey and Marie Valdez-Dapena Photographic
Collection of Pediatric Pathology from Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; and

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the Carnegie Human Embryology Collection from the Carnegie Institution.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE. The NMHM and the AFIP Collections Management
Committee (formerly the NMHM of the AFIP Acquisitions Committee) held several meetings during
the 1991 calendar year. Among the topics discussed were the acquisition and facility requirements for
the Shupe Veterinary Collection, the possible acquisition of the American Cancer Society Collection of
Lung Pathologies, and Dr. Weedn's DNA testing on bone material in reference to the possible
deaccession of the Abraham Lincoln remains.

The NMHM/AFIP Collections Management Committee continues to comply with the federal law
requiring that federally funded museums return to the American Indians human and funerary artifacts
for the purpose of repatriation.

ONGOING ACTIVITIES. The Office of the Registrar has forwarded to the Office of Legal Counsel,
AFIP, several agreements and policies for legal approval and input These policies and agreements will
be in effect upon approval for the 1 992 calendar year. The office has also developed several docu-
ments and standard policies to effectively overall manage acquisitions and loans procedures for the
museum.

DEPARTMENTAL GOALS. It is the goal of the Office of the Registrar to continue to facilitate and
support the acquisition and loan programs of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, AFIP.
Continued emphasis will be placed on the safety of objects and collections in transit and the use of
professional art moving companies to provide these services. In an effort to overall manage the
environment of museum collections, the office will continue to procure and implement "state-of-the-
art" temperature and humidity monitoring equipment

The Museum has also expanded its use of the AFIP storage facilities in Rockville and now occupies
approximately 1 0,000 square feet of space. The facility fills an increasing need for space as the
Museum incorporates larger collections and new exhibition programs.

E. HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY CENTER

Although it was donated at the close of 1 990, the Carnegie Human Embryology Collection was
accessioned in May of 1 991, forming the core of a multicollection Human Developmental Anatomy
Center. This collection consists of just over 1 0,000 embryos in various forms. Historically and scientifi-
cally, this is one of the world's most significant developmental collections. Work with this coliection
established the now-standard 23-stage horizon system for human embryology, and some of the most
prominent biological scientists have helped develop the materials here or have used its holdings in
their own research. A complete computer-based inventory of the slides and the other materials in the
collection— photographs, drawings, over 300 rare models, case files, and tens of thousands of related
reprints— will be prepared. Also at the center is the James Arey-Marie Valdes DaPena Pediatric Pathol-
ogy Collection of 7,500 lantern slides depicting gross and microscopic images. Within the Museum,
but not yet in the center per se, are the materials from 1 ,000 NIH-AFIP cases of sudden infant death
syndrome (slides, wet tissue, blocks, and abbreviated records) and the Patanelli-NICHD limb develop-
ment slide collection consisting of over 200 slides, each well prepared, researched, and described.

Several collections have been committed for addition to HDAC within the next five years and prepara-

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?0R lin^S^ 6 ?T addlt) ° n: "* "^-Humphrey Embryological Collection, consisting of
1 1 08 Imear feet of boxes of human preparations using Nissl stains to highSght central nervous system

SS? 6 ^ "J"* and thC ren0Wned Blechschmi * Collection. Three ma£S£arT-
tive collections also currently await transfer to the center. Wet tissue capabilities are being added

^"k? 6 ,nsUtt S l th f r * are numerous opportunities to coordinate with other programs: the Na-

2£££S£ n^ *? M K, didne ' ^ mce 0fth ' Armed *«« Medical Examiner, Pediatric
PayologyMedica Illustration, Neuropathology and the Yakovlev Collection, Orthopedic Pathology
Cellular Pathology (particularly the imaging technologies), etc HDAC has provided access to aH m P

SEE T outside , ? e lnstitute ' requests for access to the Human dW™£S£££

£< t h ?k ^ SCVeral 0fm$ - Some have Deen »* b y medical Artists; others have been submitted
to study the mechanism of male phenotypic sexual differentiation. The specific protocoTSlsfor J ng

«?.£?, T J2? "*"?* ' nVOlve investi 9ating the origin and histologic structure of the
SSS^?1SSS? Pr ° 9ramS ""* ^^ ^ m P ,a ^ on emb ^ «d fata*

IJSS! I^"* Uie serial| y section « d em bryos for three-dimensional computer-based reconstructions
h fnn h k er0US ^ nd range from recor *tructing one organ to an attempt to place several
hundred embryos on a CD ROM format with multiple digitized organ systems for reconsVnS and
visual manipulation. At this time, the Institute plans to begin with'capXg a photo^pWc^mage of
each section us.ng a m.croscope paired with a high-resolution camera and automated recording
rS^L ? 3n ^["V"'!' ** «*"<* and di 9iti2ed for later computer-based reconstruction. If a
researcher has a particular interest in an anatomical feature, images can be generated here for work in

Ifack TtZeHDA^t* "* ** ""* *""*" ** ™ * reincor P™ ted "« a grolg base

AFIP has committed significant resources to maintaining the collections. With the assistance and
nn! n?£ ° " 9 rou P ° f i nterested researchers outside the AFIP, the center will be applying for numer-
ous grants in support of potential programs and additional funded research. An NIH Research Re-

n°oZ *>Z C T 1 S thC m ° St n ° tab,e ° f these - Planned a PP ,ication approaches will be addressed,
noting the important opportunities to involve existing AFIP collections and stressing the AFIP's role as

SpX^

tfilZfi^ - en ? *!** in D6Cember SOme 0f these issues were discussed with a national panel
of researchers, administrators, computer specialists, and others familiar with the materials in the

S£ ^ U «„«"rr4*gX UP "" "^ an<< ^"-^"-'^^working

EDUCATION AND EXHIBIT PROGRAMS

llul^ aS , a . year ° f dev ?°P ment and expansion for the Museum's department of programs and
exhibits. Many new collaboritive efforts were established with community organizations to facilitate

S a Z"t^ 3 h ny ? CXh i bitS W6re rem ° Ved and replaced ^ several new exhibi * involving interactive
computer technology. The museum visitation figures consequently increased from last year to a new

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record of 50,528. The program office benefitted from the outstanding contributions of two interna
from local university health promotion programs.

fxhibits Three oermanent exhibits were developed this year and installed using interactive ttchnc^
^^^^S^SSmamct Abuse Prevention/Living Classroom. The Self Help/Empower-
me*, S^X^ function with the temporary depression exhibit. "From Darkness to
UohL« ' whfch^s °2m£L from line through November. The Self Help Center remains, and
^im SrSw torn 200 national organizations are available. This concept of the Individual
Sdna ^SSSb flfrfor his/her disease prevention and health empowerment* now a central theme
wSd^eToplngLre exhibits. Plans were submitted to SID for the future "Human Body exhfc.t
whS wTS the body as a series of systems. Exhibits featuring the cardiovascu ar nana hepatic,
gSntestinal, central nervous system, skin, and respiratory systems are scheduled to open m 1 992.

PROGRAMS Several health promotion events and activities were advertised and scheduled at the
M°eu^ndato off-site. The majority were collaborative planning efforts with outs.de organizations.
Entries of these events were self-help organizations sponsoring lectures for ttje pubhc, a five-day
2Sm on -Herts for Health,- activitiel at the Museum in support of the Great Amencan
SoTandaceremon^ ^S^dTr

Seading local and national health agencies for future ventures. The Museum staff attended Yr
2000 PHS observations as well as exhibiting at their major conferences.

OFFICE OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS

The Office of Community Relations works with newspapers, magazines, broa^t media, < ^s- _
sional offices, and community organizations to encourage media coverage of AFIF^s National Museum
S^^dt&She that I fartual, accurate, and posits in tone. In working , wrth the : media we
seek to emphasize the Museum's focus on critical public health issues, the importance of the Museum
2 a Wdgebe^een biomedicine and the general public, the Museum's special role in recruiting the
health care professionals of tomorrow, and the Museum's active research programs in such fields as
medical history, physical anthropology, and the link between diet and cancer.

'THE PATIENT IS ABRAHAM LINCOLN". The Office of Community Relations was actively involved
in ^conception, planning, and execution of this program over a period of several months. Museum
director Dr Marc Micozzi, and Dr. James Todd, executive vice president of the Amencan Medical
A^odati^were^Vkey presenters at a February symposium on the health of Abraham , Lincoln. The
iZS^MteSto*** was studying a proposal to test Lincoln's DN* .resulted in unprec-
edented international media coverage for the Museum. Among the foreign and domestic news
organizations that did stories on this museum program were:

The British Broadcasting Corporation, Le Monde, The Sunday NewYorkTim^
Daily Australian Broadcasting Corporation, CBS Evening News, Good Morning Amenca, Cable News
NeX Canadian Broadcast Conation, National Public Radio, Voice of, ^c a ^ated
Press United Press International, Sao Paulo Tribune, Hombre De Mundo, Chicago Tnbune, Amencan
Seal NetX Ftovidenceloumal, the San Francisco Chronicle the VVInrton-Salemjoumat
Portland Oregonian, Newsweek, Los Angeles Times, Japanese Broadcasting Corporation, and the
Midland (Texas) Reporter-Telegram.

When the members of the Lincoln Panel came to Washington for a two-day meeting, their activities

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ARMED FORCES RADIO AND TELEVISION SERVirF w* , u „

v'deo company working for the Armed lo"Jsto£l™£^

artifacts for a public service sdolX Offi™ «f r T e,ews,on Service wanted to film Museum

worked to ensure that thTiffi^^f^^f 1 ^ C ° 0rdinated the fi,m ^d
Thankful,- focuses on some ofXtoSk^K^ '^ u Shed PSA " This W titled "Be
public service announcement Xletn bXtont^" 131 haV< ? ken P ' ace *' nce 179 °- This
Ennque Mender Deputy Secretary of Defend for Sh A l P*" ™ 6 ' around the ™& *»•
rated ,nto a Pentagon exhibit created &&X^B£^ * *"*

THE jARVIS SCIENCE STUDENT AWARDS DktnVtr. -,

sponsor of an annual program to hont outsSno SS^T^ Chariene Drew ' arvis "» *e
For the past twoyears, this event taS^^^^^- *"*"* «" Washington, D.C.
Museum reaches out to young peopl °in ^an effort to a«T 1 ?"l event is ^ one of *e ways the
"9 a career in medicine, "scientific J^Z^g^ eXC ' ted about the Possibility of pu^u

^9^

saentfc pursuits, the National MmS^n^St^S^" 9 " ** eXdtement «**** with
Uons that helped to plan and execute £ "event The wTZT "*• ° f 2 ° Washin 9ton hsWu-
Museumattheseplanning sessions and playSa ^^^^^^^^^

rfand.ng interest in such issuS as pubfc Sbe^nSS^ ^ ° n Capit0 ' Hi "- His ,on 9-
* a *-~omm^^^ .

Uganda, the Surgeon General of Thailand and la deteLil ,f 0r V' ndu , d,n 9 the Defense Minister of
were escorted through the Museum. na ' ana a dele 9 at,on °' Sov.et policy makers and planners,

PRESENTATIONS

Educational Exhibits

™£&H!2X2!K2g* Crowth - and ■**■»-*■ la „ u ^ , W) . Na .

231

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Radio/Television Appearances

ABC "Good Morning America." February 12, 1991.

Voice of America, February 1 2, 1 991 .

Australian Broadcasting Corporation, February 1991.

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

British Broadcasting Corporation.

WAMU, National Public Radio, February 1991, December 27, 1991.

"Seattle Today," February 18, 1991.

Invited Seminars

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, March 1 991 .

U.S. Botanic Garden and Green Cross Clinic, "Herbs for Health," September 1 991 .

New York Botanic Garden, "Plants that Heal," October 1 991 .

"The Patient is Abraham Lincoln," National Museum of Health and Medicine, Washington,
D.C., February 1991.

University of Buffalo, SUNY, Health Sciences Library, November 1 991 .

Codirector and Lecturer

Facilitator, "Ethical, Legal and Social Aspect of Medical Care," Uniformed Services University of
the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 1991/92.

PUBLICATIONS

Articles

1 . Sledzik PS, Ousley S. Analysis of six Vietnamese trophy skulls. J.Forensic Sci. 1 991 ;36:520-
530.

2. Sledzik PS, Moore-Jansen PH. Dental disease in 19th century military skeletal samples. In:
Kelley MA, Larsen CS, eds. Advances in Dental Anthropology. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss;
1991:215-224.

3. Sledzik PS, Moore-Jansen PH. Dental pathology. In: Pfeiffer S, Williamson R, eds. Snake
Hill: An Investigation of a Military Cemetery from the Warof1812. Toronto: Dundurn Press;
1991:227-246.

4. Hambrecht FT, Rhode M, Hawk A. Dr. Chisolm's Inhaler: A rare confederate medical
invention. j.S.C. Med. Assoc., 1991:277-280.

5. Hawk, A. Review of John S. Haller. Intolerable, excruciating, and troublesome: Military
ambulance technology, 1793-1889. Caduceus. 1991;7:2-30.

6. Noe, A. Excavation of the 1 81 4 Battle of Snake Hill: A medical history perspective.
Caduceus. 1991;8:1-18.

232

7. Cornoni-Huntley JC, Harris TB, Everett OF, Albanes D, Micozzi MS, Miles T, Fledman JJ. An
overview of body weight of older persons, including the impact of mortality. /. Oin. .
Epidemiol. 1991;44:743-753.

8. Micozzi MS. Disease in antiquity: The case of cancer. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.
1991;115:838-844.

9. Micozzi MS. When the patient is Abraham Lincoln. Caduceus 1991;7:34-47.

10. Micozzi MS. Surviving Fieldwork. Report of the Advisory Panel on Health and Safety in
Fieldworlc by N. Howell. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 1991;3:405-406.

Books and Chapters

1. Micozzi MS. Postmortem Change in Human and Animal Remains: A Systematic Approach.
Springfield, IL Charles C Thomas;1 991.

2. Noe, A. Medical History. In: Pfeiffer S, Williamson R, eds. Snake Hill: An Investigation of a
Military Cemetery from the War of 1812. Toronto: Dundurn Press,! 991 :61 -69.

3. Micozzi MS. (1 991 ) Foreword: Recovery and analysis of human remains from historic
sites. In: Pfeiffer S, Williamson RF, eds. Snake Hill: An Investigation of a Military Cemetery
from the War of 1812. Toronto: Dundurn Press;1991:15-17.

Abstracts and Other Publications

1 . Micozzi MS. The Army Medical Museum and its role in beating swords into scapels (and
libraries and museums). Second Annual Aesculapian Series: The relationship of medicine
to literature, art, philosophy, religion and history. Medical College of Ohio at Toledo,
January 24, 1991.

2. Klepinger L, Katz D, Micozzi MS. Evaluation of public aging methods II: The males.
American Academy of Forensic Sciences; 1 991 ;Anaheim, CA.

3. Smith JC, Micozzi, MS, Brown ED, Edwards BK, Bieri JC, Taylor PR, Khachik F, Beecher CR.
Plasma carotenoids in men fed beta-carotene or vegetables for six weeks. FASEB Ab-
stracts;! 991.

4. Micozzi MS. Does Your Diet Prevent or Promote Cancer?" Executive Health Report, Vol 27,
No. 4, January 1 991 .

5. Micozzi MS. The Two Worlds of Columbus: Health and Disease in the New World.
Encounters (Spain '92 Foundation), Vol. 5-6, pp. 42-43, 1991.

233

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